It was the twelfth ranking event of the 2020–21 snooker season, and the sixth and final event in the BetVictor European Series.

The tournament was the 11th ranking event of the 2021–22 season and the sixth of eight tournaments in the season's European Series.

O'Brien was relegated from the professional tour after losing to 15-year-old Welsh amateur Liam Davies in the 2022 World Snooker Championship qualifying rounds.

Trump won the series in the 2019–20 season after winning the 2020 Gibraltar Open in March, and then won the series again in the 2020–21 season after Mark Selby, the only other contender to win the series at the time, lost in the third round of the 2021 Gibraltar Open.

Fergal O'Brien, Martin O'Donnell, Sunny Akani, and Andrew Higginson all lost their tour cards after defeats.

A parse tree or parsing tree or derivation tree or concrete syntax tree is an ordered, rooted tree that represents the syntactic structure of a string according to some context-free grammar.

The debate began in 1967, when linguists Paul Postal, "Haj" Ross, George Lakoff, and James McCawley—self-dubbed the "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" (in reference to the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse in Christian mythology)—proposed an approach to the relationship between syntax and semantics which treated deep structures as meanings rather than syntactic objects.

This distinguishes abstract syntax trees from concrete syntax trees, traditionally designated parse trees.

In early transformational syntax, deep structures are derivation trees of a context free language.

This tree is called a parse tree or "concrete syntax tree" of the string, by contrast with the abstract syntax tree.

The Class A4 is a class of streamlined 4-6-2 steam locomotive designed by Nigel Gresley for the London and North Eastern Railway in 1935.

LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard is a 4-6-2 ("Pacific") steam locomotive built in 1938 for operation on the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) at Doncaster Works to a design of Nigel Gresley.

He was the designer of some of the most famous steam locomotives in Britain, including the LNER Class A1 and LNER Class A4 4-6-2 Pacific engines.

These service improvements culminated in 1937 with the replacement of the Sydney Limited with the Art Deco streamliner Spirit of Progress, and the S class locomotives were fitted with streamlined casings to match the new train set.

The British London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Class A4 4468 Mallard locomotive broke that record two years later.

A weighted catenary is a catenary curve, but of a special form.

A catenary arch is a type of architectural arch that follows an inverted catenary curve.

A stressed ribbon bridge (also stress-ribbon bridge or catenary bridge ) is a tension structure (similar in many ways to a simple suspension bridge).

The curve appears in the design of certain types of arches and as a cross section of the catenoid—the shape assumed by a soap film bounded by two parallel circular rings.

The cables follow a shallow downward catenary arc which moves in response to dynamic loads on the bridge deck.

Agiou Pavlou Monastery (Μονή Αγίου Παύλου; Mănăstirea Sfântul Pavel) is an Eastern Orthodox monastery in the monastic state of Mount Athos, located on the easternmost peninsula of Chalkidiki, Greece.

The monastic community of Mount Athos is an Eastern Orthodox community of monks living on the Mount Athos peninsula in Northern Greece.

It is governed as an autonomous polity within the Hellenic Republic, namely the monastic community of Mount Athos under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.

It is situated in the north foothills of Mount Athos, in Greece, in the Morfonou River valley and surrounded by a forest of chestnut trees.

In 1384, before his region would be completely annexed to the Ottoman Empire, Bagaš donated the monastery of Mesonesiotissa near Edessa, together with villages, churches and other property, to the Athonite monastery of Saint Paul (Agiou Pavlou) based on the request of his brother Antonije.

The Olduvai Gorge or Oldupai Gorge in Tanzania is one of the most important paleoanthropological localities in the world; the many sites exposed by the gorge have proven invaluable in furthering understanding of early human evolution.

Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey (7 August 1903 – 1 October 1972) was a Kenyan-British paleoanthropologist and archaeologist whose work was important in demonstrating that humans evolved in Africa, particularly through discoveries made at Olduvai Gorge with his wife, fellow paleoanthropologist Mary Leakey.

She also discovered the robust Zinjanthropus skull at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, eastern Africa.

The term Oldowan is taken from the site of Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, where the first Oldowan stone tools were discovered by the archaeologist Louis Leakey in the 1930s.

During the 1960s and 1970s, hundreds of fossils were found in East Africa in the regions of the Olduvai Gorge and Lake Turkana.

The Central Overland California and Pike's Peak Express Company was a stagecoach line that operated in the American West in the early 1860s, but it is most well known as the parent company of the Pony Express.

Alexander Majors (October 4, 1814 – January 13, 1900) was an American businessman, who along with William Hepburn Russell and William B. Waddell founded the Pony Express, based in St. Joseph, Missouri.

It was operated by the Central Overland California and Pikes Peak Express Company.

The Overland Trail was famously used by the Overland Stage Company owned by Ben Holladay to run mail and passengers to Salt Lake City, Utah, via stagecoaches in the early 1860s.

Holladay acquired the Pony Express in 1862 after it failed to garner a postal contract for its owners, Russell, Majors and Waddell.

Jurassic Park is a 1990 science fiction novel written by Michael Crichton.

The Lost World is a 1995 techno-thriller novel written by Michael Crichton, and the sequel to his 1990 novel Jurassic Park.

It is the first installment in the Jurassic Park franchise, and the first film in the Jurassic Park original trilogy, and is based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton and a screenplay written by Crichton and David Koepp.

It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to Michael Crichton's novel Jurassic Park before it was published.

Initially writing under a pseudonym, he eventually wrote 26 novels, including: The Andromeda Strain (1969), The Terminal Man (1972), The Great Train Robbery (1975), Congo (1980), Sphere (1987), Jurassic Park (1990), Rising Sun (1992), Disclosure (1994), The Lost World (1995), Airframe (1996), Timeline (1999), Prey (2002), State of Fear (2004) and Next (2006).

Joseph Pulitzer ( born Pulitzer József; ; April 10, 1847 – October 29, 1911) was a Hungarian-American politician and newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the New York World.

The Yellow Kid (Mickey Dugan ) is an American comic strip character that appeared from 1895 to 1898 in Joseph Pulitzer's New York World, and later William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal.

His flamboyant methods of yellow journalism influenced the nation's popular media by emphasizing sensationalism and human interest stories.

From 1883 to 1911 under publisher Joseph Pulitzer, it was a pioneer in yellow journalism, capturing readers' attention with sensation, sports, sex and scandal and pushing its daily circulation to the one-million mark.

The term was coined in the mid-1890s to characterize the sensational journalism in the circulation war between Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal.

The Magnificent Ambersons is a 1942 American period drama written, produced, and directed by Orson Welles.

The Mercury Theatre was an independent repertory theatre company founded in New York City in 1937 by Orson Welles and producer John Houseman.

He then gained worldwide fame in three Orson Welles films: Citizen Kane (1941), The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), and Journey into Fear (1943), for which Cotten was also credited with the screenplay.

In 1942 it was again made into a movie, this time under its own title, with sound, and to a tightly clipped but effective script by Orson Welles, who also directed.

In 1937, he and John Houseman founded the Mercury Theatre, an independent repertory theatre company that presented a series of productions on Broadway through 1941, including Caesar (1937), an adaptation of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar.