A report on Republican Party (United States), Democratic Party (United States), 1988 United States presidential election and 2004 United States presidential election

Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of the United States (1861–1865) and the first Republican to hold the office

Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States (1829–1837) and the first Democratic president.

Charles R. Jennison, an anti-slavery militia leader associated with the Jayhawkers from Kansas and an early Republican politician in the region

Martin Van Buren was the eighth president of the United States (1837–1841) and the second Democratic president.

Senator Kerry at a primary rally in St. Louis, Missouri, at the St. Louis Community College – Forest Park

Ulysses S. Grant, 18th president of the United States (1869–1877)

The incumbent in 1988, Ronald Reagan. His second term expired at noon on January 20, 1989.

James G. Blaine, 28th & 31st Secretary of State (1881; 1889–1892)

The 1885 inauguration of Grover Cleveland, the only president with non-consecutive terms

Former Representative Ron Paul ran on the Libertarian ticket. He returned to the House of Representatives in 1997 as a Republican.

William McKinley, 25th president of the United States (1897–1901)

Leaders of the Democratic Party during the first half of the 20th century on 14 June 1913: Secretary of State William J. Bryan, Josephus Daniels, President Woodrow Wilson, Breckinridge Long, William Phillips, and Franklin D. Roosevelt

Bush speaking at campaign rally in St. Petersburg, Florida, October 19, 2004

Theodore Roosevelt, 26th president of the United States (1901–1909)

Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, 32nd and 33rd presidents of the United States (1933–1945; 1945–1953), featured on a campaign poster for the 1944 presidential election

Michael Dukakis at a campaign rally at UCLA's Pauley Pavilion on the eve of the 1988 election

Neighboring yard signs for Bush and Kerry in Grosse Pointe, Michigan

Herbert Hoover, 31st president of the United States (1929–1933)

John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, 35th and 36th presidents of the United States (1961–1963, 1963–1969)

Chief Justice William Rehnquist administering the oath of office to President George H. W. Bush on January 20, 1989, at the United States Capitol

These maps show the amount of attention given by the campaigns to the close states. At left, each waving hand represents a visit from a presidential or vice-presidential candidate during the final five weeks. At right, each dollar sign represents one million dollars spent on TV advertising by the campaigns during the same time period.

Ronald Reagan, 40th president of the United States (1981–1989)

Jimmy Carter, 39th president of the United States (1977–1981), delivering the State of the Union Address in 1979

Cheney visited Washington & Jefferson College in Pennsylvania on October 27, 2004

Donald Trump, 45th president of the United States (2017–2021)

Bill Clinton, 42nd president of the United States (1993–2001), at The Pentagon in 1998

Bush in the Oval Office, receiving a concession phone call from Kerry, which came the afternoon of the day following the election after Ohio Secretary of State Ken Blackwell declared that it would be statistically impossible for Kerry to overcome Bush's lead in the state's results

Calvin Coolidge, 30th president of the United States (1923–1929)

Barack Obama speaking to College Democrats of America in 2007

Arnold Schwarzenegger, 38th governor of California (2003–2011)

President Barack Obama meeting with the Blue Dog Coalition in the State Dining Room of the White House in 2009

Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote

Presidential electoral votes by state. Red is Republican; blue is Democratic.

John McCain, United States senator from Arizona (1987–2018)

Eleanor Roosevelt at the 1956 Democratic National Convention in Chicago

Presidential popular votes by county. Note substantially more "mixing" of colors.

Donald Rumsfeld, 21st United States Secretary of Defense (2001–2006)

President Barack Obama signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law at the White House on March 23, 2010

Presidential popular votes by county as a scale from red/Republican to blue/Democratic.

Colin Powell, 65th United States Secretary of State (2001–2005)

Secretary of State John Kerry addressing delegates at the United Nations before signing the Paris Agreement on April 22, 2016

Presidential popular votes cartogram, in which the sizes of counties have been rescaled according to their population.

Newt Gingrich, 50th Speaker of the House of Representatives (1995–1999)

Shirley Chisholm was the first major-party African American candidate to run nationwide primary campaigns.

Cartogram in which each square represents one electoral vote.

Annual population growth in the U.S. by county - 2010s

President Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Immigration Act of 1965 as Vice President Hubert Humphrey, Senators Edward M. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy and others look on

This map shows the vote in the 2020 presidential election by county.

Then-Senator Barack Obama shaking hands with an American soldier in Basra, Iraq in 2008

Change in vote margins at the county level from the 2000 election to the 2004 election. While Bush improved nationally overall, making his strongest gains in the South, he suffered a loss of support in parts of New England and the Western United States, which swung in Kerry's favor.

Political Spectrum Libertarian Left Centrist Right Authoritarian

President Jimmy Carter and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in 1978

U.S. opinion on gun control issues is deeply divided along political lines, as shown in this 2021 survey.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu meeting with President Barack Obama at Ben Gurion Airport in 2013

Self-identified Democrats (blue) versus self-identified Republicans (red) (January–June 2010 data)

Higher percentages of Democrats than Republicans are members of union households.

Elected at age 33, Jon Ossoff is currently the youngest member of the U.S. Senate.

Hillary Clinton was the first woman to be nominated for president by a major party.

Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg

Julián Castro served as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

Since the mid-1850s, it has been the main political rival of the Democratic Party.

- Republican Party (United States)

Its main political rival has been the Republican Party since the 1850s.

- Democratic Party (United States)

The Republican nominee, incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush, defeated the Democratic nominee, Governor Michael Dukakis of Massachusetts.

- 1988 United States presidential election

The Republican ticket of incumbent President George W. Bush and his running mate incumbent Vice President Dick Cheney were elected to a second term, defeating the Democratic ticket of John Kerry, a United States senator from Massachusetts and his running mate John Edwards, a United States senator from North Carolina.

- 2004 United States presidential election

As of, no candidate of either party has since equaled or surpassed Bush's share of the electoral or popular vote; only Bush's son George W. Bush in 2004 has won the popular vote in a presidential election for the Republicans since, and no Republican candidate has since won California, Illinois, New Jersey, Maryland, Connecticut, all of Maine, Delaware, or Vermont.

- 1988 United States presidential election

As of 2022, this is the only presidential election since 1988 in which the Republican nominee won the popular vote.

- 2004 United States presidential election

Vice President Bush scored a landslide in the 1988 general election.

- Republican Party (United States)

A Republican ticket of George W. Bush and Dick Cheney won the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections.

- Republican Party (United States)

Centrist Democrats, or New Democrats, are an ideologically centrist faction within the Democratic Party that emerged after the victory of Republican George H. W. Bush in the 1988 presidential election.

- Democratic Party (United States)

In the 2004 presidential election, Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry received 54% of the vote from voters of the age group 18–29 while Republican George W. Bush received 45%.

- Democratic Party (United States)

A report on Republican Party (United States), Democratic Party (United States), 1988 United States presidential election and 2004 United States presidential election

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