A report on A. P. Hill, Second Battle of Bull Run and James J. Archer

Second Battle of Bull Run, fought Augt. 29th 1862, 1860s lithograph by Currier and Ives

Second Bull Run Campaign, August 17–30, 1862 (Additional map).

Gettysburg Marker to Archer's C. S. A.
ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA-HILLS CORPS HETH'S DIVISION-ARCHER'S BRIGADE
5th Battalion and 13th Alabama 1st 7th 14th Tennessee Infantry
July 1. The Brigade moved from Cashtown early in the morning towards Gettysburg. After a march of six miles came in view of the Union forces. The Brigade was deployed on the west side of Willoughby Run and about 10 A. M. advanced encountered 1st Brigade First Division beyond the run. The firing continued for a short time when a large force appearing on the right flank and opening a cross fire the position became untenable the Brigade was forced back across the run but advanced with the Division later in the day. The advance in the morning reached this position.
July 2. Not engaged.
July 3. Formed part of the column of Longstreet's assault.
July 4. The Brigade took up the line of march during the night to Hagerstown.

Portrait of Hill by William Ludwell Sheppard, 1898

August 29, 12 noon: Longstreet arrives, Porter stalls

August 29, 5–7 p.m., Kearny's attack, Hood vs. Hatch

Stonewall Jackson's cannons on Henry House Hill

August 30, 4 p.m.: Start of Longstreet's attack

August 30, 4:30 p.m.: Union defense of Chinn Ridge

August 30, 5 p.m.: Final Confederate attacks, beginning of the Union retreat

Bridge crossed by the Union troops retreating to Centreville

Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862

<center>Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862</center>

<center>Virginia, Bull Run. Ruins of Stone Bridge, 1862</center>

<center>A group of men stand near the Manassas Railroad Junction railroad tracks in 1862 with a train in the background</center>

<center>A group of men near Manassas Railroad Junction in 1862</center>

<center>Men sit near the Manassas Junction railroad in 1862</center>

<center>Picking up debris of trains after Pope's retreat</center>

<center>Bull Run, Va. Dedication of the battle monument; Judge Abram B. Olin of the District of Columbia Supreme Court, who delivered the address, stands by the rail.</center>

Battle map drafted by Sneden, Robert Knox, with notes on Union and Confederate strengths, casualties, done in pen and ink and water color

Northern Virginia Campaign, August 7–28, 1862 Confederate
Union

After the start of the American Civil War, he gained early fame as the commander of the "Light Division" in the Seven Days Battles and became one of Stonewall Jackson's ablest subordinates, distinguishing himself in the 1862 battles of Cedar Mountain, Second Bull Run, Antietam, and Fredericksburg.

- A. P. Hill

Later in June, Archer's brigade joined five others to form the "Light Division" under Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill.

- James J. Archer

Soon, two more regiments were added to Archer's brigade, which fought well in the Seven Days Battles, at Cedar Mountain, and at Second Bull Run, where his horse was killed under him.

- James J. Archer

He committed Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill to join Jackson with 12,000 men.

- Second Battle of Bull Run

After the battle one of his brigade commanders, Brig. Gen. James J. Archer, criticized him about the gap left in the division's front line, saying that Hill had been warned about it before the battle but had done nothing to correct it.

- A. P. Hill

Maj. Gen. A. P. Hill (brigades of Brig Gen. Lawrence O. Branch, Brig Gen. William D. Pender, Col. Edward L. Thomas, Brig Gen. Maxcy Gregg, Brig Gen. James J. Archer, Brig Gen. Charles W. Field and Lt. Col. R. Lindsay Walker)

- Second Battle of Bull Run

2 related topics with Alpha

George B. McClellan and Robert E. Lee, respective commanders of the Union and Confederate armies in the Seven Days

Seven Days Battles

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The Seven Days Battles were a series of seven battles over seven days from June 25 to July 1, 1862, near Richmond, Virginia, during the American Civil War.

Seven Days Battles: map of events (left side)

Map of Southeastern Virginia (additional map)

<center>Brig. Gen. Edwin V. Sumner</center>

<center>Brig. Gen. Samuel P. Heintzelman</center>

<center>Brig. Gen. Erasmus D. Keyes</center>

<center>Brig. Gen. Fitz John Porter</center>

<center>Brig. Gen. William B. Franklin</center>

<center>Brig. Gen. Philip St. George Cooke</center>

<center>Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson</center>

<center>Maj. Gen. James Longstreet</center>

<center>Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder</center>

<center>Maj. Gen. Benjamin Huger</center>

<center>Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes</center>

Map of events during the Peninsula campaign to the Battle of Seven Pines
Confederate
Union

Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill's "Light Division" (which was so named because it traveled light and was able to maneuver and strike quickly) consisted of the brigades of Brig. Gens. Charles W. Field, Maxcy Gregg, Joseph R. Anderson, Lawrence O'Bryan Branch, James J. Archer, and William Dorsey Pender.

Despite heavy casualties, which the less-populated South could ill afford, and clumsy tactical performances by Lee and his generals, Confederate morale skyrocketed, and Lee was emboldened to continue his aggressive strategy through the Second Battle of Bull Run and the Maryland Campaign.

Northern Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, 1861–1865

Battle of Gettysburg

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Fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War.

This 1863 oval-shaped map depicts the Gettysburg Battlefield during July 1–3, 1863, showing troop and artillery positions and movements, relief hachures, drainage, roads, railroads, and houses with the names of residents at the time of the Battle of Gettysburg.

This November 1862 Harper's Magazine illustration shows Confiderate Army troops escorting captured African American civilians south into slavery. En route to Gettysburg, the Army of Northern Virginia kidnapped approximately 40 black civilians and sent them south into slavery.

Overview map of the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg

Marker commemorating the first shot fired at the Battle of Gettysburg at 7:30 am on July 1, 1863 by Lt. Marcellus Jones

Robert E. Lee's plan for July 2, 1863, the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg

Overview map of the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863

Union Army breastworks on Culp's Hill, 1863

Overview map of the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863

The high water mark on Cemetery Ridge with the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Monument commemorating the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment at right and the Copse of Trees to the left, August 2005

"The Harvest of Death": Union dead on the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, photographed July 5 or July 6, 1863, by Timothy H. O'Sullivan

John L. Burns, veteran of the War of 1812, civilian who fought at the Battle of Gettysburg with Union troops, standing with bayoneted musket. Mathew Brady's National Photographic Portrait Galleries, photographer. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

Gettysburg Campaign (July 5 – July 14, 1863)

On November 19, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, considered one of the best-known speeches in American history. A crowd of citizens and soldiers surround Lincoln (with a red arrow pointing to his location in photo)

The 1936 Battle of Gettysburg half dollar

Gettysburg Centennial Commemorative issue of 1963

Gettysburg Campaign (through July 3) with cavalry movements shown with dashed lines Confederate
Union

Following the death of Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, Lee reorganized his two large corps into three new corps, commanded by Lieutenant General James Longstreet (First Corps), Lieutenant General Richard S. Ewell (Second), and Lieutenant General A.P. Hill (Third); both Ewell and Hill, who had formerly reported to Jackson as division commanders, were new to this level of responsibility.

Heth's division advanced with two brigades forward, commanded by brigadier generals James J. Archer and Joseph R. Davis.

Prior to Gettysburg, Robert E. Lee had established a reputation as an almost invincible general, achieving stunning victories against superior numbers—although usually at the cost of high casualties to his army—during the Seven Days, the Northern Virginia Campaign (including the Second Battle of Bull Run), Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville.