A report on Second Battle of Bull Run, Nathaniel P. Banks and Abraham Lincoln

Second Battle of Bull Run, fought Augt. 29th 1862, 1860s lithograph by Currier and Ives

Portrait by Brady-Handy studio, c. 1865–1880

Portrait by Alexander Gardner, November 1863

The farm site where Lincoln grew up in Spencer County, Indiana

Second Bull Run Campaign, August 17–30, 1862 (Additional map).

Major General Nathaniel Prentiss Banks of General Staff U.S. Volunteers Infantry Regiment in uniform, with his wife, Mary Theodosia Palmer Banks. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

Banks in 1852, portrait by Southworth and Hawes

Lincoln in his late 30s as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. Photo taken by one of Lincoln's law students around 1846.

John Albion Andrew (portrait by Darius Cobb) succeeded Banks as governor.

The champions of the Union, lithograph by Currier & Ives, 1861. Banks is among the frontmost standing figures, just left of the central seated figure, General Winfield Scott.

Lincoln in 1858, the year of his debates with Stephen Douglas over slavery

August 29, 12 noon: Longstreet arrives, Porter stalls

Banks' headquarters in Winchester, Virginia, during the Civil War

A portrait of Dred Scott, petitioner in Dred Scott v. Sandford

Banks in his military uniform, c. 1861 (portrait by Mathew Brady)

Abraham Lincoln (1860) by Mathew Brady, taken the day of the Cooper Union speech

August 29, 5–7 p.m., Kearny's attack, Hood vs. Hatch

Colonel Short's Villa in New Orleans Garden District was the residence of Major General Nathaniel P. Banks, U.S. Commander, Department of the Gulf

A Timothy Cole wood engraving taken from a May 20, 1860, ambrotype of Lincoln, two days following his nomination for president

Stonewall Jackson's cannons on Henry House Hill

1860s map showing the Siege of Port Hudson

Headlines on the day of Lincoln's inauguration portended hostilities with the Confederacy, Fort Sumter being attacked less than six weeks later.

Confederate General Richard Taylor opposed Banks in Louisiana.

March 1861 inaugural at the Capitol building. The dome above the rotunda was still under construction.

August 30, 4 p.m.: Start of Longstreet's attack

General Edward Canby succeeded Banks in Louisiana.

Lincoln with officers after the Battle of Antietam. Notable figures (from left) are 1. Col. Delos Sackett; 4. Gen. George W. Morell; 5. Alexander S. Webb, Chief of Staff, V Corps; 6. McClellan;. 8. Dr. Jonathan Letterman; 10. Lincoln; 11. Henry J. Hunt; 12. Fitz John Porter; 15. Andrew A. Humphreys; 16. Capt. George Armstrong Custer.

August 30, 4:30 p.m.: Union defense of Chinn Ridge

Statue of Banks by Henry Hudson Kitson in Waltham, Massachusetts

Running the Machine: An 1864 political cartoon satirizing Lincoln's administration – featuring William Fessenden, Edwin Stanton, William Seward, Gideon Welles, Lincoln, and others

August 30, 5 p.m.: Final Confederate attacks, beginning of the Union retreat

Bridge crossed by the Union troops retreating to Centreville

Lincoln, absent his usual top hat, is highlighted at Gettysburg.

Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862

An electoral landslide for Lincoln (in red) in the 1864 election; southern states (brown) and territories (gray) not in play

A poster of the 1864 election campaign with Lincoln as the candidate for president and Andrew Johnson as the candidate for vice president

Lincoln's second inaugural address in 1865 at the almost completed Capitol building

A political cartoon of Vice President Andrew Johnson (a former tailor) and Lincoln, 1865, entitled The 'Rail Splitter' At Work Repairing the Union. The caption reads (Johnson): "Take it quietly Uncle Abe and I will draw it closer than ever." (Lincoln): "A few more stitches Andy and the good old Union will be mended."

Shown in the presidential booth of Ford's Theatre, from left to right, are assassin John Wilkes Booth, Abraham Lincoln, Mary Todd Lincoln, Clara Harris, and Henry Rathbone.

Abraham Lincoln, painting by George Peter Alexander Healy in 1869

Lincoln in February 1865, two months before his death

The Lincoln cent, an American coin portraying Lincoln

Lincoln's image carved into the stone of Mount Rushmore|alt=See caption

Abraham Lincoln, a 1909 bronze statue by Adolph Weinman, sits before a historic church in Hodgenville, Kentucky.|alt=See caption

The Lincoln memorial postage stamp of 1866 was issued by the U.S. Post Office exactly one year after Lincoln's death.

<center>Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862</center>

Painting of Abraham Lincoln for the U.S. Capitol, by Ned Bittinger

<center>Virginia, Bull Run. Ruins of Stone Bridge, 1862</center>

<center>A group of men stand near the Manassas Railroad Junction railroad tracks in 1862 with a train in the background</center>

<center>A group of men near Manassas Railroad Junction in 1862</center>

<center>Men sit near the Manassas Junction railroad in 1862</center>

<center>Picking up debris of trains after Pope's retreat</center>

<center>Bull Run, Va. Dedication of the battle monument; Judge Abram B. Olin of the District of Columbia Supreme Court, who delivered the address, stands by the rail.</center>

Battle map drafted by Sneden, Robert Knox, with notes on Union and Confederate strengths, casualties, done in pen and ink and water color

Northern Virginia Campaign, August 7–28, 1862 Confederate
Union

At the outbreak of the Civil War, President Lincoln appointed Banks as one of the first 'political' major generals, over the heads of West Point regulars, who initially resented him, but came to acknowledge his influence on the administration of the war.

- Nathaniel P. Banks

After the collapse of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign in the Seven Days Battles of June 1862, President Abraham Lincoln appointed John Pope to command the newly formed Army of Virginia.

- Second Battle of Bull Run

The II Corps, under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks

- Second Battle of Bull Run

During the Second Battle of Bull Run, Banks was stationed with his corps at Bristoe Station and did not participate in the battle.

- Nathaniel P. Banks

But Pope was then soundly defeated at the Second Battle of Bull Run in the summer of 1862, forcing the Army of the Potomac back to defend Washington.

- Abraham Lincoln

In Louisiana, Lincoln ordered General Nathaniel P. Banks to promote a plan that would reestablish statehood when 10 percent of the voters agreed, and only if the reconstructed states abolished slavery.

- Abraham Lincoln

3 related topics with Alpha

Clockwise from top: Battle of Gettysburg

Union Captain John Tidball's artillery

Confederate prisoners

ironclad USS Atlanta (1861)

Ruins of Richmond, Virginia

Battle of Franklin

American Civil War

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Civil war in the United States between the Union (states that remained loyal to the federal union, or "the North") and the Confederacy (states that voted to secede, or "the South").

Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, aroused public opinion about the evils of slavery. According to legend, when Lincoln was introduced to her at the White House, his first words were, "So this is the little lady who started this Great War."

Frederick Douglass, a former slave, was a leading abolitionist

Marais des Cygnes massacre of anti-slavery Kansans, May 19, 1858

Mathew Brady, Portrait of Abraham Lincoln, 1860

The first published imprint of secession, a broadside issued by the Charleston Mercury, December 20, 1860

Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America (1861–1865)

Bombardment of the Fort by the Confederates

Rioters attacking a building during the New York anti-draft riots of 1863

Clashes on the rivers were melees of ironclads, cottonclads, gunboats and rams, complicated by naval mines and fire rafts.

Battle between the USS Monitor and USS Merrimack (1855)

General Scott's "Anaconda Plan" 1861. Tightening naval blockade, forcing rebels out of Missouri along the Mississippi River, Kentucky Unionists sit on the fence, idled cotton industry illustrated in Georgia.

Gunline of nine Union ironclads. South Atlantic Blockading Squadron off Charleston. Continuous blockade of all major ports was sustained by North's overwhelming war production.

A December 1861 cartoon in Punch magazine in London ridicules American aggressiveness in the Trent Affair. John Bull, at right, warns Uncle Sam, "You do what's right, my son, or I'll blow you out of the water."

County map of Civil War battles by theater and year

"Stonewall" Jackson got his nickname at Bull Run.

The Battle of Antietam, the Civil War's deadliest one-day fight.

Confederate dead overrun at Marye's Heights, reoccupied next day May 4, 1863

By 1863, the Union controlled large portions of the Western Theater, especially areas surrounding the Mississippi River

The Battle of Chickamauga, the highest two-day losses

Nathaniel Lyon secured St. Louis docks and arsenal, led Union forces to expel Missouri Confederate forces and government.

These dead soldiers—from Ewell's May 1864 attack at Spotsylvania—delayed Grant's advance on Richmond in the Overland Campaign.

Map of Confederate territory losses year by year

Burying Union dead on the Antietam battlefield, 1862

Through the supervision of the Freedmen's Bureau, northern teachers traveled into the South to provide education and training for the newly freed population.

Beginning in 1961 the U.S. Post Office released commemorative stamps for five famous battles, each issued on the 100th anniversary of the respective battle.

The Battle of Fort Sumter, as depicted by Currier and Ives.

Slave states that seceded before April 15, 1861 Slave states that seceded after April 15, 1861 Union states that permitted slavery (border states) Union states that banned slavery
Territories

US Secession map. The Union vs. the Confederacy.
Union states
Union territories not permitting slavery
Border Union states, permitting slavery (One of these states, West Virginia was created in 1863)
Confederate states
Union territories that permitted slavery (claimed by Confederacy) at the start of the war, but where slavery was outlawed by the U.S. in 1862

Abolition of slavery in the various states of the United States over time:Abolition of slavery during or shortly after the American Revolution
The Northwest Ordinance, 1787
Gradual emancipation in New York (starting 1799, completed 1827) and New Jersey (starting 1804, completed by Thirteenth Amendment, 1865)
The Missouri Compromise, 1821
Effective abolition of slavery by Mexican or joint US/British authority
Abolition of slavery by Congressional action, 1861
Abolition of slavery by Congressional action, 1862
Emancipation Proclamation as originally issued, January 1, 1863
Subsequent operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863
Abolition of slavery by state action during the Civil War
Operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1864
Operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1865
Thirteenth Amendment to the US constitution, December 18, 1865
Territory incorporated into the US after the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment

Oath to defend the Constitution of the United States and, among other promises, to "abide by and faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during the . . . rebellion having reference to slaves . . . ," signed by former Confederate officer Samuel M. Kennard on June 27, 1865

Disunion came after Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 United States presidential election on an anti-slavery expansion platform.

Employing audacity and rapid, unpredictable movements on interior lines, Jackson's 17,000 men marched 646 miles (1,040 km) in 48 days and won several minor battles as they successfully engaged three Union armies (52,000 men), including those of Nathaniel P. Banks and John C. Fremont, preventing them from reinforcing the Union offensive against Richmond.

The Northern Virginia Campaign, which included the Second Battle of Bull Run, ended in yet another victory for the South.

John Pope (military officer)

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Career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War.

He had a brief stint in the Western Theater, but he is best known for his defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas) in the East.

This inspired the Lincoln administration to bring him to the Eastern Theater to lead the newly formed Army of Virginia.

Lee, sensing that Pope was indecisive, split his smaller (55,000-man) army, sending Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson with 24,000 men as a diversion to Cedar Mountain, where Jackson defeated Pope's subordinate, Nathaniel Banks.

Henry Halleck

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Senior United States Army officer, scholar, and lawyer.

Gen. Halleck in The champions of the Union, lithograph by Currier & Ives, 1861

Halleck (standing, fifth from left) was present at the death of Abraham Lincoln

Burial site at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York

President Abraham Lincoln once described him as "little more than a first rate clerk."

A telling example of his lack of control was during the Northern Virginia Campaign of 1862, when Halleck was unable to motivate McClellan to reinforce Pope in a timely manner, contributing to the Union defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run.

However, the 1864 Red River Campaign, a doomed attempt to occupy Eastern Texas, had been advocated by Halleck, over the objections of Nathaniel P. Banks, who commanded the operation.