A report on Order of the Holy Sepulchre, Knight and Accolade

A 14th century depiction of the 13th century German knight Hartmann von Aue, from the Codex Manesse.
The Accolade (1901), by Edmund Leighton
Church of the Holy Sepulchre (1885). Other than some restoration work, its appearance has essentially not changed since 1854.
A Norman knight slaying Harold Godwinson (Bayeux tapestry, c. 1070). The rank of knight developed in the 12th century from the mounted warriors of the 10th and 11th centuries.
King John II of France in a ceremony of "adoubement", early 15th century miniature
The Order of the Holy Sepulchre traces its roots to circa 1099 under the Frankish knight Godfrey of Bouillon (1060–1100), "advocate of the Holy Sepulchre" (Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri), leader of the First Crusade and first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Fresco by Giacomo Jaquerio in Saluzzo, northern Italy (circa 1420).
The battle between the Turks and Christian knights during the Ottoman wars in Europe
Accolade performed by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands during the Military Order of William ceremony of Marco Kroon in 2009
Detail of a miniature of King Philip II of France arriving in the Holy Land.
David I of Scotland knighting a squire
King George VI knights General Oliver Leese in the field, 1944. Note the knighting-stool.
The Vida (text in red) of the medieval troubadours Tomier and Palaizi, who exclusively advocated defence of the Holy Sepulchre, consequently—in contrast to Lanfranc Cigala—criticising the Albigensian Crusades as distractions, even to the point of resulting in marks of heresy.
The miles Christianus allegory (mid-13th century), showing a knight armed with virtues and facing the vices in mortal combat. The parts of his armour are identified with Christian virtues, thus correlating essential military equipment with the religious values of chivalry: The helmet is spes futuri gaudii (hope of future bliss), the shield (here the shield of the Trinity) is fides (faith), the armour is caritas (charity), the lance is perseverantia (perseverance), the sword is verbum Dei (the word of God), the banner is regni celestis desiderium (desire for the kingdom of heaven), the horse is bona voluntas (good will), the saddle is Christiana religio (Christian religion), the saddlecloth is humilitas (humility), the reins are discretio (discretion), the spurs are disciplina (discipline), the stirrups are propositum boni operis (proposition of good work), and the horse's four hooves are delectatio, consensus, bonum opus, consuetudo (delight, consent, good work, and exercise).
The Aedicule inside the church, said to enclose the tomb of Jesus Christ.
Tournament from the Codex Manesse, depicting the mêlée
Contemporary Franciscan friars during the procession on the Calvary in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (2006).
Elements of a harness of the late style of Gothic plate armour that was a popular style in the mid 15th to early 16th century (depiction made in the 18th century)
Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg (1492). The Duke chose a palm as his personal symbol in commemoration of his pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1468 when he became a knight of the Holy Sepulchre.
Page from King René's Tournament Book (BnF Ms Fr 2695)
Interior of the 15th-century Jeruzalemkerk (Bruges), 2011
The Battle of Pavia in 1525. Landsknecht mercenaries with arquebus.
Pope Alexander VI restored the Order of Holy Sepulchre to independent status in 1496, and reserved its title of Grand Master for himself and his successors.
Fortified house – a family seat of a knight (Schloss Hart by the Harter Graben near Kindberg, Austria)
Pope Leo X with his Cardinal-cousin Giulio de' Medici (left), future Pope Clement VII, in painting by Raphael (1519). Both endorsed the dubbing of knights.
The Battle of Grunwald between Poland-Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights in 1410
Cardinal Edwin Frederick O'Brien, Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre 2011–2019, during a pilgrimage in Rome (2013).
Pippo Spano, the member of the Order of the Dragon
The Palazzo Della Rovere, the order's international headquarters where its Grand Magisterium is situated.
The English fighting the French knights at the Battle of Crécy in 1346
Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Miniature from Jean Froissart Chronicles depicting the Battle of Montiel (Castilian Civil War, in the Hundred Years' War)
Members and regalia during a ceremony of investiture in Fulda, Germany, in 2009.
A modern artistic rendition of a chevalière of the Late Middle Ages.
The remains of Blessed Bartolo Longo (1841–1926), inside the Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei in Italy.
A battle of the Reconquista from the Cantigas de Santa Maria
Entrance of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
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Flag of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre over the Palazzo della Rovere.
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The Arab-Norman Chiesa di San Cataldo, local church to the order in Palermo, Sicily, since 1937.
The Battle of Pavia in 1525. Landsknecht mercenaries with arquebus.
Notre Dame de Paris in France, where the Relics of Sainte-Chapelle are exposed by the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre.
Investiture in Dresden, Germany, in 2010.
Inside Dresden Cathedral, 9 October 2010.
Procession in honour of Saint Liborius of Le Mans with Knights of the Holy Sepulchre together with Teutonic Knights in Paderborn, Germany.
Pope Alexander VI restored the Order of Holy Sepulchre to independent status in 1496, and reserved its title of Grand Master for himself and his successors.
Pope Leo X with his Cardinal-cousin Giulio de' Medici (left), future Pope Clement VII, in painting by Raphael (1519). Both endorsed the dubbing of knights.

The accolade (also known as dubbing or adoubement) (benedictio militis) was the central act in the rite of passage ceremonies conferring knighthood in the Middle Ages.

- Accolade

The term equestrian in this context is consistent with its use for orders of knighthood of the Holy See, referring to the chivalric and knightly nature of order—by sovereign prerogative conferring knighthood on recipients—derived from the equestrians (equites), a social class in Ancient Rome.

- Order of the Holy Sepulchre

Knights of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, an Order of chivalry under the protection of the Holy See, are dubbed in the head and on both shoulders during the investiture ceremony.

- Accolade

The first military orders of knighthood were the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre and the Knights Hospitaller, both founded shortly after the First Crusade of 1099, followed by the Order of Saint Lazarus (1100), Knights Templars (1118) and the Teutonic Knights (1190).

- Knight

The accolades continued: Counts Enno I and Edzard I of East Frisia (1489), followed by Elector Frederick III of Saxony (1493) who was also recipient of the papal honour of the Golden Rose, together with Duke Christoph the Strong, Duke of Bavaria, then Frederick II of Legnica (1507), and others.

- Order of the Holy Sepulchre

Since the reign of Edward VII a clerk in holy orders in the Church of England has not normally received the accolade on being appointed to a degree of knighthood.

- Knight

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