Adenosine triphosphate
Organic compound and hydrotrope that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis.
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Adenosine monophosphate
Nucleotide.
AMP plays an important role in many cellular metabolic processes, being interconverted to ADP and/or ATP.
Adenine
Nucleobase (a purine derivative).
Its derivatives have a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and Coenzyme A.
Cofactor (biochemistry)
Non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's role as a catalyst .
Many contain the nucleotide adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as part of their structures, such as ATP, coenzyme A, FAD, and NAD+.
Glycolysis
Metabolic pathway that converts glucose , into pyruvic acid (CH3COCO2H).
The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).
Muscle contraction
Activation of tension-generating sites within muscle cells.
Though the muscle is doing a negative amount of mechanical work, (work is being done on the muscle), chemical energy (of fat or glucose, or temporarily stored in ATP) is nevertheless consumed, although less than would be consumed during a concentric contraction of the same force.
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (UK, US ) or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
Mitochondrion
Double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
Mitochondria use aerobic respiration to generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is subsequently used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy.
ATP synthase
ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
Polyphosphate
Polyphosphates are salts or esters of polymeric oxyanions formed from tetrahedral PO4 (phosphate) structural units linked together by sharing oxygen atoms.
In biology, the polyphosphate esters ADP and ATP are involved in energy storage.