A report on Adil Shahi dynasty, Marathi people and Aurangzeb

Territory under Maratha control in 1760 (yellow), without its vassals

A watercolor painting of Pune from the late Peshwa era as seen from the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers, by British artist Henry Salt. The picture clearly shows the permanent features of the place and cremations. River confluences have been popular in Hinduism for cremations and also for ceremonial disposal of ashes

A painting from c. 1637 shows the brothers (left to right) Shah Shuja, Aurangzeb and Murad Baksh in their younger years.

A replica Killa (fort) presented by a family at a Maharashtra Mandal Diwali program in United States

The Mughal Army under the command of Aurangzeb recaptures Orchha in October 1635.

Sultan Ali Adil Shah II hunting a tiger, c 1660

Deepmala Deep Stamb in Omkareshwar Temple in Pune

A painting from Padshahnama depicts Prince Aurangzeb facing a maddened war elephant named Sudhakar.

A painting of "The House of Bijapur" was completed in the year 1680, during the reign of Sikandar Adil Shah the last ruler of the Adil Shahi dynasty.

A Marathi household shrine with Khandoba at the forefront

Sepoys loyal to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb maintain their positions around the palace, at Aurangabad, in 1658.

Chand Bibi, the regent of Bijapur (1580–90)

Naivedya (Food offering) for the ancestors during a Pitru paksha ceremony

Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb in early 18th century

A manuscript depicting the ruler of Bijapur in the year 1591, Ibrahim Adil Shah II.

Dnyaneshwar palakhi on its way to Pandharpur

Aurangzeb compiled Hanafi law by introducing the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri.

Woman playing Zimma on the night of a Mangala Gauri celebration in the Month of Shravan

Aurangzeb seated on a golden throne holding a Hawk in the Durbar. Standing before him is his son, Azam Shah.

Aurangzeb Receives Prince Mu'azzam. Chester Beatty Library

A clay idol of Ganesh being immersed in water at the conclusion of the annual Ganeshotsav on the 11th day or Anant Chaturdashi

Dagger (Khanjar) of Aurangzeb (Badshah Alamgir).

Women performing Bhondla dance during the festival of Navratri

Manuscript of the Quran, parts of which are believed to have been written in Aurangzeb's own hand.

Devotees showering turmeric powder (bhandara) on each other at Khandoba Temple in Jejuri during Champa Shashthi.

The Birthday of the Grand Mogul Aurangzeb, made 1701–1708 by Johann Melchior Dinglinger.

Traditional Sesame seed based sweets for Makar Sankrant

Josiah Child requests a pardon from Aurangzeb during the Anglo-Mughal War.

Shimga being celebrated on the port of Harne on the Konkan coast

By 1690, Aurangzeb was acknowledged as: "emperor of the Mughal Sultanate from Cape Comorin to Kabul".

Bullock cart race at a Jatra in Manchar, Maharashtra

Aurangzeb spent his reign crushing major and minor rebellions throughout the Mughal Empire.

A simple Maharashtrian meal with bhaaji, bhakari, raw onion and pickle

The tomb of Akbar was pillaged by Jat rebels during the reign of Aurangzeb.

A typical Diwali plate of snack (faral ). Clockwise from top: chakli, kadboli, shev, gaathi, chivda and in the center are yellow besan and white rava ladu.

Aurangzeb leads the Mughal Army during the Battle of Satara.

Princess Indira Raje (1892-1968) of Baroda as a young girl with her mother,
Chimnabai II, wearing a 'Nauvari', a traditional Maharashtrian sari

Raja Shivaji at Aurangzeb's Darbar- M V Dhurandhar

Aurangzeb dispatched his personal imperial guard during the campaign against the Satnami rebels.

Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Delhi is built at the place where Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded.

Zafarnama is the name given to the letter sent by the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh in 1705 to Aurangzeb. The letter is written in Persian script.

Aurangzeb in a pavilion with three courtiers below.

Bibi Ka Maqbara, the mausoleum of Aurangzeb's wife Dilras Banu Begum, was commissioned by him

Aurangzeb's tomb in Khuldabad, Maharashtra.

The unmarked grave of Aurangzeb in the mausoleum at Khuldabad, Maharashtra.

Tughra and seal of Aurangzeb, on an imperial firman

In the year 1689, according to Mughal accounts, Sambhaji was put on trial, found guilty of atrocities and executed.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=J. L. |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: Volume One: 1707{{snd}}1813 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA50 |access-date=29 September 2012 |date=2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |pages=50–}}</ref><ref name="google2">{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Burton |author-link=Burton Stein |year=2010 |orig-year=First published 1998 |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=David |editor-link=David Arnold (historian) |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA180 |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |edition=2nd |page=180 |isbn=978-1-4051-9509-6}}</ref>

Guru Tegh Bahadur was publicly executed in 1675 on the orders of Aurangzeb in Delhi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html |title=A Gateway to Sikhism {{!}} Sri Guru Tegh Bhadur Sahib |website=Gateway to Sikhism |access-date=28 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327223831/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html#12 |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Sarmad Kashani, a Jewish convert to Islam and Sufi mystic was accused of heresy and executed.<ref name="David Cook 2007">{{cite book |last=Cook |first=David |author-link=David Cook (historian) |year=2007 |title=Martyrdom in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=80 |isbn=978-0-521-85040-7}}</ref>

Seventeenth-century Badshahi Masjid built by Aurangzeb in Lahore.

Tomb of Sufi saint, Syed Abdul Rahim Shah Bukhari constructed by Aurangzeb.

Shawls manufactured in the Mughal Empire had highly influenced other cultures around the world.

François Bernier, was a French physician and traveller, who for 12 years was the personal physician of Aurangzeb. He described his experiences in Travels in the Mughal Empire.

Map of the Mughal Empire by Vincenzo Coronelli (1650–1718) of Venice, who served as Royal Geographer to Louis XIV of France.

Aurangzeb leads his final expedition (1705), leading an army of 500,000 troops.

Mughal-era aristocrat armed with a matchlock musket.

Aurangzeb, in later life, hunting with hounds and falconers

The Bijapur Sultanate was absorbed into the Mughal Empire on 12 September 1686, after its conquest by the Emperor Aurangzeb.

- Adil Shahi dynasty

After the Yadav defeat, the area was ruled for the next 300 years by a succession of Muslim rulers including (in chronological order): the Khaljis, the Tughlaqs, and the Bahamani Sultanate and its successor states called the Deccan sultanates, such as Adilshahi, Nizamshahi, and the Mughal Empire.

- Marathi people

The Sultanate was thereafter relatively stable, although it was damaged by the revolt of Shivaji, whose father was Maratha commander in the service of Adil Shah.

- Adil Shahi dynasty

Shivaji's son Sambhaji, also his successor as Chhatrapati, led the Maratha Empire valiantly against the much stronger Mughal opponent, but in 1689, after being betrayed, Sambhaji was captured, tortured and killed by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.

- Marathi people

Aurangzeb proposed to resolve the situation by attacking the dynastic occupants of Golconda (the Qutb Shahis) and Bijapur (the Adil Shahis).

- Aurangzeb

Many of them were Marathas and Rajputs, who were his political allies.

- Aurangzeb

3 related topics with Alpha

Shivaji

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Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan.

South India at the turn of the 17th century

An early-20th-century painting by Sawlaram Haldankar of Shivaji fighting the Bijapuri general Afzal Khan

A 20th century depiction of Shivaji's surprise attack on Mughal general Shaista Khan in Pune by M.V. Dhurandhar

Raja Jai Singh of Amber receiving Shivaji a day before concluding the Treaty of Purandar

20th century depiction by M.V. Dhurandhar of Raja Shivaji at the court of Mughal Badshah, Aurangzeb.

Statue of Shivaji opposite Gateway of India in South Mumbai

20th century depiction of the Coronation Durbar with over 100 characters depicted in attendance by M.V. Dhurandhar

Sambhaji, Shivaji's elder son who succeeded him

Sajjangad, where Samarth Ramdas was invited by Shivaji to reside, is now a place of pilgrimage.

Suvela Machi, view of southern sub-plateaux, as seen from Ballekilla, Rajgad

Sindudurg Fort provided anchorages for Shivaji's Navy

An early-20th-century painting by M. V. Dhurandhar of Shivaji and Baji Prabhu at Pawan Khind

A miniature Bronze statue of Shivaji Maharaj in the collection of the Shri Bhavani Museum of Aundh

A replica of Raigad Fort built by children on occasion of Diwali as a tribute to Shivaji.

Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur which formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire.

Shivaji's father Shahaji Bhonsle was a Maratha general who served the Deccan Sultanates.

Shivaji offered his assistance to Aurangzeb who then, was the Mughal viceroy of the Deccan and son of the Mughal emperor, in conquering Bijapur in return for formal recognition of his right to the Bijapuri forts and villages under his possession.

Pune

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Seventh most populous city in India and the second-largest city in the state of Maharashtra, with an estimated population of 7.4 million It has been ranked "the most liveable city in India" several times.

The circular Nandi mandapa at the Pataleshwar cave temple built in the Rashtrakuta era (753-982)

Skyscrapers under construction in Pune South

An equestrian statue of Peshwa Baji Rao I outside Shaniwar Wada. He expanded the Maratha Empire in north India c. 1730.

British Government House, Ganesh Khind, Poona (c. 1875)

Vetal Hill Panorama, a prominent hill in Pune. Elevation c. 800 m

Tulshibaug Lane in Pune, a busy shopping hub of Pune

Baner, when it was a recently developed suburb of Pune.

Hadapsar, a recently developed suburb of Pune.

Volkswagen India Plant and offices in Pune

Deccan college houses the museums of Maratha history and Indian archaeology

Ganpati procession by Jnana Prabodhini school

Khadakwasla reservoir, the main source of water for the city

Jnana Prabodhini Prashala, Sadashiv Peth, Pune

Savitribai Phule Pune University headquarters. During the British era, the building served as the Monsoon residence for the Governor of the Bombay Presidency.

An EMU on the Pune–Lonavla suburban line

B. J. Medical College, Pune was established in 1878 and is associated with the Sassoon Hospital.

The city was previously also ruled by the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, the Mughals and the Adil Shahi dynasty.

Mughal emperor Aurangzeb renamed the city Muhiyabad (the only divergent naming) some time between 1703 and 1705 in memory of his great-grandson Muhi-ul-Milan, who died there.

It changed hands several times between the Mughals and the Marathas in the period 1680 to 1705.

Maratha Empire

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Early modern Indian confederation that came to dominate much of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century.

The Maratha Empire in 1758 with the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Mughal Empire as its vassals

Maratha Empire at its peak in 1760 (Yellow)

Mahadaji Shinde restored the Maratha domination of northern India

A mural depicting the British surrender during the First Anglo-Maratha War. The mural is a part of the Victory Memorial (Vijay Stambh) located at Vadgaon Maval, Pune.

Peshwa Madhavrao II in his court in 1790, concluding a treaty with the British

Battle of Assaye during the Second Anglo-Maratha War

Peshwa Baji Rao II signing of the Treaty of Bassein with the British

Pratapgad fort, one of the earliest forts administered by Shivaji.

Gold coins minted during Shivaji's era, 17th century.

Maratha Gurabs ships attacking a British East India Company ship

Maratha Empire at its peak in 1759 (orange)

The Marathas became prominent in the 17th century under the leadership of Shivaji, who revolted against the Adil Shahi dynasty, and the Mughals to carve out a kingdom with Raigad as his capital.

Although at present, the word Maratha refers to a particular caste of warriors and peasants, in the past the word has been used to describe all Marathi people.

To nullify the alliance between his rebel son, Akbar, and the Marathas, Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb headed south in 1681.