A report on Veneto, Istria, Adriatic Sea and Italy

Bay of Kotor, a ria in the Southern Adriatic

Venice, the primary tourist destination and the capital of Veneto

Gjipe Canyon in southern Albania, where the Adriatic Sea meets the Ionian Sea

Expansion of the territory called "Italy" from ancient Greece until Diocletian

The Iron Crown of Lombardy, for centuries a symbol of the Kings of Italy

Schematic layout of Adriatic Sea currents

Marco Polo, explorer of the 13th century, recorded his 24 years-long travels in the Book of the Marvels of the World, introducing Europeans to Central Asia and China.

The Sečovlje Saltworks in northern Istria were probably started in antiquity and were first mentioned in 804 in the report on Placitum of Riziano.

A submarine spring near Omiš, observed through sea surface rippling

The Italian states before the beginning of the Italian Wars in 1494

As seen from the map, most of the landmass surrounding the Adriatic sea is classified as Cfa, with the southern region (near the Ionian sea) being Csa.

Leonardo da Vinci, the quintessential Renaissance man, in a self-portrait (ca. 1512, Royal Library, Turin)

Map of Istria and Dalmatia with the ancient domains of the Republic of Venice (indicated in fuchsia. Dashed diagonally, the territories that belonged occasionally)

Christopher Columbus leads an expedition to the New World, 1492. His voyages are celebrated as the discovery of the Americas from a European perspective, and they opened a new era in the history of humankind and sustained contact between the two worlds.

Flag of the Cispadane Republic, which was the first Italian tricolour adopted by a sovereign Italian state (1797)

The Tetrarchs were the four co-rulers who governed the Roman Empire as long as Diocletian's reform lasted. Here they are portrayed embracing, in a posture of harmony, in a porphyry sculpture dating from the 4th century, produced in Anatolia, located today on a corner of St Mark's Basilica in Venice.

Percentage of native Italian speakers (Istrian Italians) in Croatia's Istria County in 2001

Sediment billowing out from Italy's shore into the Adriatic

Holographic copy of 1847 of Il Canto degli Italiani, the Italian national anthem since 1946

The Horses of Saint Mark, brought as loot from Constantinople in 1204.

Percentage of people who used Italian as a "language of daily use" in Istria (Istrian Italians) in 1910

Pebble beach at Brač island, in the Adriatic Sea within Croatia

Animated map of the Italian unification from 1829 to 1871

An 18th-century view of Venice by Canaletto.

The Victor Emmanuel II Monument in Rome, a national symbol of Italy celebrating the first king of the unified country, and resting place of the Italian Unknown Soldier since the end of World War I. It was inaugurated in 1911, on the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the Unification of Italy.

The 13th-century Castel Brando in Cison di Valmarino, Treviso.

The fascist dictator Benito Mussolini titled himself Duce and ruled the country from 1922 to 1943.

Rovinj, as seen from the bell tower of the church of Saint Eufemia (Croatia)

Areas controlled by the Italian Empire at its peak

St Mark's Basilica, the seat of the Patriarch of Venice.

Italian partisans in Milan during the Italian Civil War, April 1945

Pula Arena, one of the six largest surviving Roman amphitheatres

Alcide De Gasperi, first republican Prime Minister of Italy and one of the Founding Fathers of the European Union

The Praetorian Palace in Koper (Slovenia)

Mosaic of Emperor Justinian and his court, from the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy

The signing ceremony of the Treaty of Rome on 25 March 1957, creating the European Economic Community, forerunner of the present-day European Union

The Republic of Venice was a leading maritime power in Europe

Funerals of the victims of the Bologna bombing of 2 August 1980, the deadliest attack ever perpetrated in Italy during the Years of Lead

The Prato della Valle in Padua, a work of Italian Renaissance architecture.

Italian government task force to face the COVID-19 emergency

Traditional folk costume of Istrian Croats

Antonio Canova's Psyche Revived by Love's Kiss.

The last moments of SMS Szent István, hit and sank by the Italian MAS

Dolphins in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the Aeolian Islands

The Church of Santa Maria della Salute in Venice

Changes to the Italian eastern border from 1920 to 1975.
The Austrian Littoral, later renamed Julian March, which was assigned to Italy in 1920 with the Treaty of Rapallo (with adjustments of its border in 1924 after the Treaty of Rome) and which was then ceded to Yugoslavia in 1947 with the Treaty of Paris
Areas annexed to Italy in 1920 and remained Italian even after 1947
Areas annexed to Italy in 1920, passed to the Free Territory of Trieste in 1947 with the Paris treaties and definitively assigned to Italy in 1975 with the Treaty of Osimo
Areas annexed to Italy in 1920, passed to the Free Territory of Trieste in 1947 with the Paris treaties and definitively assigned to Yugoslavia in 1975 with the Osimo treaty

The Duce Benito Mussolini in a beach of Riccione, in 1932

The town of Izola in the Gulf of Koper, southwestern Slovenia

Gran Paradiso, established in 1922, is the oldest Italian national park.

A Trabucco, old fishing machine typical of Abruzzo region in Italy

The Italian wolf, the national animal of Italy

Köppen-Geiger climate classification map of Italy

Port of Trieste, the largest port in the Adriatic

The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of Italy.

Rimini is a major seaside tourist resort in Italy

The Barcolana regatta in Trieste, Italy, was named "the greatest sailing race" by the Guinness World Record for its 2,689 boats and over 16,000 sailors on the starting line.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sail-world.com/news/218597/Barcolana-the-largest-regatta-in-the-world |title=Barcolana, the largest regatta in the world is presented in London |website=Sail World}}</ref>

An Alfa Romeo 159 vehicle of the Carabinieri corps

Group photo of the G7 leaders at the 43rd G7 summit in Taormina

The Zlatni Rat (Golden Cape) on the island of Brač

Heraldic coat of arms of the Italian Armed Forces

The Palace of the Emperor Diocletian in Split

A proportional representation of Italy exports, 2019

The coast of Neum, the only town to be situated along Bosnia and Herzegovina's {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=on}} of coastline

Milan is the economic capital of Italy, and is a global financial centre and a fashion capital of the world.

Portorož is the largest seaside tourist centre in Slovenia

Port of Durrës, the largest port in Albania

The Autostrada dei Laghi ("Lakes Motorway"), the first motorway built in the world

Port of Rijeka, the largest cargo port in Croatia

FS' Frecciarossa 1000 high speed train, with a maximum speed of 400 km/h

Port of Koper, the largest port in Slovenia

Trieste, the main port of the northern Adriatic and starting point of the Transalpine Pipeline

Port of Trieste, the largest cargo port in the Adriatic

ENI is considered one of the world's oil and gas "Supermajors".

Port of Bar, the largest seaport in Montenegro

Solar panels in Piombino. Italy is one of the world's largest producers of renewable energy.

A trait that shows the structure of the Calà del Sasso

Galileo Galilei, the father of modern science, physics and astronomy

Enrico Fermi, creator of the world's first first nuclear reactor

The Amalfi Coast is one of Italy's major tourist destinations.

Map of Italy's population density at the 2011 census

Italy is home to a large population of migrants from Eastern Europe and North Africa.

Linguistic map showing the languages spoken in Italy

Vatican City, the Holy See's sovereign territory

Bologna University, established in AD 1088, is the world's oldest academic institution.

Olive oil and vegetables are central to the Mediterranean diet.

The Last Supper (1494–1499), Leonardo da Vinci, Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

Michelangelo's David (1501–1504), Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence

The Birth of Venus (1484–1486), Sandro Botticelli, Uffizi Gallery, Florence

Dante shown holding a copy of the Divine Comedy, next to the entrance to Hell, the mount of Purgatory and the city of Florence, with the spheres of Heaven above, in Michelino's fresco, 1465

Niccolò Machiavelli, founder of modern political science and ethics

Pinocchio is one of the world's most translated books and a canonical piece of children's literature.

Clockwise from top left: Thomas Aquinas, proponent of natural theology and the Father of Thomism; Giordano Bruno, one of the major scientific figures of the Western world; Cesare Beccaria, considered the Father of criminal justice and modern criminal law; and Maria Montessori, credited with the creation of the Montessori education

Statues of Pantalone and Harlequin, two stock characters from the Commedia dell'arte, in the Museo Teatrale alla Scala

Dario Fo, one of the most widely performed playwrights in modern theatre, received international acclaim for his highly improvisational style.

Giacomo Puccini, Italian composer whose operas, including La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly and Turandot, are among the most frequently worldwide performed in the standard repertoire

Luciano Pavarotti, considered one of the finest tenors of the 20th century and the "King of the High Cs"

Giorgio Moroder, pioneer of Italo disco and electronic dance music, is known as the "Father of disco".

The Azzurri in 2012. Football is the most popular sport in Italy.

Starting in 1909, the Giro d'Italia is the Grands Tours' second oldest.

A Ferrari SF21 by Scuderia Ferrari, the most successful Formula One team

Prada shop at Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan

The traditional recipe for spaghetti with tomato and basil sauce

The Frecce Tricolori, with the smoke trails representing the national colours of Italy, during the celebrations of the Festa della Repubblica

The Venice Film Festival is the oldest film festival in the world.

Istria (Croatian and Slovene: Istra; Istriot: Eîstria; Istro-Romanian, Italian and Venetian: Istria; formerly Histria in Latin and Ἴστρια in Ancient Greek) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea.

- Istria

Its population is about five million, ranking fourth in Italy.

- Veneto

It is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy.

- Istria

The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro, and Slovenia.

- Adriatic Sea

The Po Valley, covering 57% of Veneto, extends from the mountains to the Adriatic sea, broken only by some low hills: Euganean Hills, Berici Hills Colli Asolani and Montello, which constitute the remaining 14% of the territory.

- Veneto

The Adriatic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea, bordered in the southwest by the Apennine or Italian Peninsula, in the northwest by the Italian regions of Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and in the northeast by Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania—the Balkan peninsula.

- Adriatic Sea

In 181 BC a Roman triumvirate of Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica, Caius Flaminius, and Lucius Manlius Acidinus founded a Latin colony at Aquileia as a base to protect the territory of the Veneti from incursions of the hostile Carni and Histri.

- Veneto

However, after the Third Italian War of Independence (1866), when the Veneto and Friuli regions were ceded by the Austrians to the newly formed Kingdom Italy, Istria remained part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, together with other Italian-speaking areas on the eastern Adriatic.

- Istria

In the Northern Adriatic, the coast of the Gulf of Trieste and western Istria is gradually subsiding, having sunk about 1.5 m in the past two thousand years.

- Adriatic Sea

In 1866, Victor Emmanuel II allied with Prussia during the Austro-Prussian War, waging the Third Italian War of Independence which allowed Italy to annexe Venetia.

- Italy

The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) and the Treaty of Rapallo (1920) allowed the annexation of Trentino Alto-Adige, Julian March, Istria, Kvarner as well as the Dalmatian city of Zara.

- Italy

Including the islands, Italy has a coastline and border of 7600 km on the Adriatic, Ionian, Tyrrhenian seas (740 km), and borders shared with France (488 km), Austria (430 km), Slovenia (232 km) and Switzerland (740 km).

- Italy

4 related topics with Alpha

Dalmatia

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The extent of the Kingdom of Dalmatia (blue) which existed within Austria-Hungary until 1918, on a map of modern-day Croatia and Montenegro

The ancient core of the city of Split, the largest city in Dalmatia, built in and around the Palace of Emperor Diocletian

Rocky beach at Brač island (Croatia), in the Adriatic Sea, during the summer

The historic core of the city of Dubrovnik, in southern Dalmatia

Province of Dalmatia during the Roman Empire

Kingdom of Croatia during the rule of Peter Krešimir IV

An engraving of the seaward walls of the city of Split by Robert Adam, 1764. The walls were originally built for the Roman Diocletian's Palace.

Map of the Republic of Ragusa, dated 1678

Ottoman Bosnia at its peak territorial extent just before the Morean War in 1684

Dalmatian possessions of the Republic of Venice in 1797

Map of Dalmatia, Croatia, and Sclavonia (Slavonia). Engraved by Weller for the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge under the Supervision of Charles Knight, dated January 1, 1852. Dalmatia is the area detailed in the smaller map annexed map on the right.

Austrian linguistic map from 1896. In green the areas where Slavs were the majority of the population, in orange the areas where Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians were the majority of the population. The boundaries of Venetian Dalmatia in 1797 are delimited with blue dots.

The Seagull Wings monument in Podgora, dedicated to the fallen sailors of the Yugoslav Partisan Navy

Dalmatia (Dalmacija ; Dalmazia; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria.

Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of the Adriatic Sea, stretching from the island of Rab in the north to the Bay of Kotor in the south.

The Italian speakers (Italians and italophone Croats) constituted (according to the Italian linguist Matteo Bartoli) nearly one third of Dalmatians in the second half of the 18th century.

However, after 1866, when the Veneto and Friuli regions were ceded by the Austrians to the newly formed Kingdom Italy, Dalmatia remained part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, together with other Italian-speaking areas on the eastern Adriatic.

Kingdom of Italy

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Map of the Kingdom of Italy at its greatest extent in 1943

Italian unification between 1815 and 1870

Count Camillo Benso of Cavour, the first Prime Minister of the unified Italy

Victor Emmanuel II, the first King of the united Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi, a major military leader during Italian unification

A factory machinery exposition in Turin, set in 1898, during the period of early industrialization, National Exhibition of Turin, 1898

Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milano was an architectural work created by Giuseppe Mengoni between 1865 and 1877 and named after the first King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel II.

The Triple Alliance in 1913, shown in red

Francesco Crispi promoted the Italian colonialism in Africa in the late 19th century.

The Ain Zara oasis during the Italo-Turkish War: propaganda postcard made by the Italian Army

Italian mounted infantry in China during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900

Italian dirigibles bomb Turkish positions in Libya, as the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912 was the first in history in which air attacks (carried out here by dirigible airships) determined the outcome.

Giovanni Giolitti was Prime Minister of Italy five times between 1892 and 1921.

Italy and its colonial possessions at the time of the outbreak of World War I: the area between British Egypt and the firmly held Italian territories is the region of southern Cyrenaica which was under dispute of ownership between Italy and the United Kingdom.

Gabriele D'Annunzio, national poet (vate) of Italy and a prominent nationalist revolutionary who was a supporter of Italy joining action in World War I

Generalissimo Luigi Cadorna (the man to the left of two officers to whom he is speaking) while visiting British batteries during World War I

Italian propaganda poster depicting the Battle of the Piave River

Members of the Arditi corps in 1918. More than 650,000 Italian soldiers lost their lives on the battlefields of World War I.

Armando Diaz, Chief of Staff of the Italian Army since November 1917, halted the Austro-Hungarian advance along the Piave River and launched counter-offensives which led to a decisive victory on the Italian Front. He is celebrated as one of the greatest generals of World War I.

Italian propaganda dropped over Vienna by Gabriele D'Annunzio in 1918

Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (2nd from left) at the World War I peace negotiations in Versailles with David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson (from left)

Residents of Fiume cheering D'Annunzio and his Legionari in September 1919, when Fiume had 22,488 (62% of the population) Italians in a total population of 35,839 inhabitants

Benito Mussolini (second from left) and his Fascist Blackshirts in 1920

Mussolini was initially a highly popular leader in Italy until Italy's military failures in World War II.

Haile Selassie's resistance to the Italian invasion of Ethiopia made him Man of the Year in 1935 by Time.

The Italian Empire (red) before World War II. Pink areas were annexed/occupied for various periods between 1940 and 1943 (the Tientsin concession in China is not shown).

Erwin Rommel meeting Italian General Italo Gariboldi in Tripoli, February 1941

The Italian Army in Russia fought on the Eastern Front.

Territory of the Italian Social Republic and the South Kingdom

Three men executed by public hanging in a street of Rimini, 1944

Rebels celebrating the liberation of Naples, after the Four days of Naples (27–30 September 1943)

Members of the Italian resistance in Ossola, 1944

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946, when civil discontent led an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic.

Italy declared war on Austria in alliance with Prussia in 1866 and received the region of Veneto following their victory.

However, these developments did not benefit all of Italy in this period, as southern Italy's agriculture suffered from hot summers and aridity damaged crops while the presence of malaria prevented cultivation of low-lying areas along Italy's Adriatic Sea coast.

Negotiations between Italy and the Allies, particularly the new Yugoslav delegation (replacing the Serbian delegation), agreed to a trade off between Italy and the new Kingdom of Yugoslavia, which was that Dalmatia, despite being claimed by Italy, would be accepted as Yugoslav, while Istria, claimed by Yugoslavia, would be accepted as Italian.

Unification of Italy

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The 19th-century political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single state in 1861, the Kingdom of Italy.

Giuseppe Mazzini, highly influential leader of the Italian revolutionary movement

The first meeting between Garibaldi and Mazzini at the headquarters of Young Italy in 1833.

The Arrest of Silvio Pellico and Piero Maroncelli, Saluzzo, civic museum

Ciro Menotti and his compatriots clashed with the army

Daniele Manin and Niccolò Tommaseo after the proclamation of the Republic of San Marco

Garibaldi and Cavour making Italy in a satirical cartoon of 1861

Giuseppe Garibaldi, celebrated as one of the greatest generals of modern times and as the "Hero of the Two Worlds", who commanded and fought in many military campaigns that led to unification of Italy

People cheering as Garibaldi enters Naples

Victor Emmanuel meets Garibaldi near Teano

The Injured Garibaldi in the Aspromonte Mountains (oil on canvas), credited to Gerolamo Induno

The Quirinal Palace in Rome became the head of state of Italy's official residence (royal residence of the Kings of Italy and after the Italian constitutional referendum, 1946 residence and workplace for the Presidents of the Italian Republic)

The Victor Emmanuel II Monument in Rome, inaugurated in 1911 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the unification of Italy.

Mourning Italia turrita on the tomb to Vittorio Alfieri by Antonio Canova

Portrait of Alessandro Manzoni (1841) by Francesco Hayez

Portrait of Francesco De Sanctis (1890) by Francesco Saverio Altamura

Verdi's bust outside the Teatro Massimo in Palermo

Patriots scrawling "Viva VERDI" on walls

The final scene of the opera Risorgimento! (2011) by Lorenzo Ferrero

Italy in 1860: orange Kingdom of Sardinia, blue Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (Austrian Empire), pink United Provinces of Central Italy, red Papal States, pale green Kingdom of Two Sicilies.

Italy in 1861: orange Kingdom of Italy, blue Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (Austrian Empire), red Papal States.

Kingdom of Italy in 1870, showing the Papal States, before the Capture of Rome.

Italy was unified by the Roman Republic in the latter part of the third century BC. For 700 years, it was a de facto territorial extension of the capital of the Roman Republic and Empire, and for a long time experienced a privileged status but was not converted into a province.

The fall of Gaeta brought the unification movement to the brink of fruition—only Rome and Venetia remained to be added.

With the motto "Free from the Alps to the Adriatic", the unification movement set its gaze on Rome and Venice.

Under the Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947, Istria, Kvarner, most of the Julian March as well as the Dalmatian city of Zara was annexed by Yugoslavia causing the Istrian-Dalmatian exodus, which led to the emigration of between 230,000 and 350,000 of local ethnic Italians (Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians), the others being ethnic Slovenians, ethnic Croatians, and ethnic Istro-Romanians, choosing to maintain Italian citizenship.

Republic of Venice

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The Doge of Venice, illustrated in the manuscript Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel. Painted by Lucas d'Heere in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Preserved by the Ghent University Library.

Map of the Venetian Republic, circa 1000

Procession in St Mark's Square by Gentile Bellini in 1496

Leonardo Loredan, Doge of Venice during the War of the League of Cambrai.

The Venetian fort of Palamidi in Nafplion, Greece, one of many forts that secured Venetian trade routes in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Greater coat of arms of the Republic, with its various possessions and claims, in the aftermath of the Morean War

Drawing of the Doge's Palace, late 14th century

The governmental structure of the Venetian Republic

The hearing given by the Doge in the Sala del Collegio in Doge's Palace by Francesco Guardi, 1775–80

Voyage of Marco Polo into the Far East during the Pax Mongolica

The Piraeus Lion in Venice, in front of the Venetian Arsenal

Relief of the Venetian Lion on the Landward Gate in Zara (Zadar), capital of the Venetian Dalmatia

Relief of the Venetian Lion in Parenzo (Poreč)

Relief of the Venetian Lion in Cattaro (Kotor)

Relief of the Venetian Lion in Candia (Heraklion)

Relief of the Venetian Lion in Frangokastello, Crete

Venetian blazon with the Lion of Saint Mark, as frequently found on the New Fortress walls, Corfu.

The sack of Constantinople in 1204 on a mosaic in the San Giovanni Evangelista church in Ravenna, 1213

The Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia; Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic (Repubblica Veneta; Repùblega Vèneta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (Most Serene Republic of Venice; Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Serenìsima Res-piovega de Venèsia), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in parts of present-day Italy (mainly northeastern Italy) which existed for 1100 years from 697 AD until 1797 AD. Centered on the lagoon communities of the prosperous city of Venice, it incorporated numerous overseas possessions in modern Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Greece, Albania and Cyprus.

Venice achieved territorial conquests along the Adriatic Sea.

Venice expanded as well along the Dalmatian coast from Istria to Albania, which was acquired from King Ladislaus of Naples during the civil war in Hungary.

The pope wanted Romagna; Emperor Maximilian I: Friuli and Veneto; Spain: the Apulian ports; the king of France: Cremona; the king of Hungary: Dalmatia, and each one some of another's part.