A report on Venice, Adriatic Sea and Unification of Italy

Bay of Kotor, a ria in the Southern Adriatic

Flag of the Cispadane Republic, which was the first Italian tricolour adopted by a sovereign Italian state (1797)

Gjipe Canyon in southern Albania, where the Adriatic Sea meets the Ionian Sea

Giuseppe Mazzini, highly influential leader of the Italian revolutionary movement

Venice in autumn, with the Rialto Bridge in the background

Animated map of the Italian unification from 1829 to 1871

Venice view from the Bridge Priuli a Santa Sofia, to the Bridge de le Vele

Schematic layout of Adriatic Sea currents

The first meeting between Garibaldi and Mazzini at the headquarters of Young Italy in 1833.

A submarine spring near Omiš, observed through sea surface rippling

The Arrest of Silvio Pellico and Piero Maroncelli, Saluzzo, civic museum

St Mark's Basilica houses the relics of St Mark the Evangelist

As seen from the map, most of the landmass surrounding the Adriatic sea is classified as Cfa, with the southern region (near the Ionian sea) being Csa.

Ciro Menotti and his compatriots clashed with the army

The Doge's Palace, the former residence of the Doge of Venice

The Republic of Venice and its colonial empire Stato da Màr.

Holographic copy of 1847 of Il Canto degli Italiani, the Italian national anthem since 1946

Piazza San Marco in Venice, with St. Mark's Campanile.

Sediment billowing out from Italy's shore into the Adriatic

Daniele Manin and Niccolò Tommaseo after the proclamation of the Republic of San Marco

View of San Giorgio Maggiore Island from St. Mark's Campanile.

Pebble beach at Brač island, in the Adriatic Sea within Croatia

Garibaldi and Cavour making Italy in a satirical cartoon of 1861

Monument to Bartolomeo Colleoni (1400-1475), captain-general of the Republic of Venice from 1455 to 1475.

Giuseppe Garibaldi, celebrated as one of the greatest generals of modern times and as the "Hero of the Two Worlds", who commanded and fought in many military campaigns that led to unification of Italy

The Fra Mauro Map of the world. The map was made around 1450 and depicts Asia, Africa and Europe.

People cheering as Garibaldi enters Naples

Venice viewed from the International Space Station

Victor Emmanuel meets Garibaldi near Teano

Venice and surroundings in false colour, from Terra. The picture is oriented with North at the top.

Pula Arena, one of the six largest surviving Roman amphitheatres

Mosaic of Emperor Justinian and his court, from the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy

The Injured Garibaldi in the Aspromonte Mountains (oil on canvas), credited to Gerolamo Induno

Acqua alta ("high water") in Venice, 2008

The Republic of Venice was a leading maritime power in Europe

Like Murano, Burano is also a tourist destination, usually reached via vaporetto

Bridge of Sighs, one of the most visited sites in the city

The last moments of SMS Szent István, hit and sank by the Italian MAS

Venetian Arsenal houses the Naval Historical Museum

The Duce Benito Mussolini in a beach of Riccione, in 1932

The Quirinal Palace in Rome became the head of state of Italy's official residence (royal residence of the Kings of Italy and after the Italian constitutional referendum, 1946 residence and workplace for the Presidents of the Italian Republic)

Piazzetta San Marco with Doge's Palace on the left and the columns of the Lion of Venice and St. Theodore in the center.

The town of Izola in the Gulf of Koper, southwestern Slovenia

Gondolas share the waterway with other types of craft (including the vaporetti)

A Trabucco, old fishing machine typical of Abruzzo region in Italy

The Victor Emmanuel II Monument in Rome, inaugurated in 1911 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the unification of Italy.

Mourning Italia turrita on the tomb to Vittorio Alfieri by Antonio Canova

Port of Trieste, the largest port in the Adriatic

Portrait of Alessandro Manzoni (1841) by Francesco Hayez

Rimini is a major seaside tourist resort in Italy

Portrait of Francesco De Sanctis (1890) by Francesco Saverio Altamura

Cruise ships access the port of Venice through the Giudecca Canal.

The Barcolana regatta in Trieste, Italy, was named "the greatest sailing race" by the Guinness World Record for its 2,689 boats and over 16,000 sailors on the starting line.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sail-world.com/news/218597/Barcolana-the-largest-regatta-in-the-world |title=Barcolana, the largest regatta in the world is presented in London |website=Sail World}}</ref>

Verdi's bust outside the Teatro Massimo in Palermo

Cruise ship and gondolas in the Bacino San Marco

Patriots scrawling "Viva VERDI" on walls

Aerial view of Venice including the Ponte della Libertà bridge to the mainland.

The Zlatni Rat (Golden Cape) on the island of Brač

The final scene of the opera Risorgimento! (2011) by Lorenzo Ferrero

Giudecca Canal. View from St Mark's Campanile.

The Palace of the Emperor Diocletian in Split

Sandolo in a picture of Paolo Monti of 1965. Fondo Paolo Monti, BEIC.

The coast of Neum, the only town to be situated along Bosnia and Herzegovina's {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=on}} of coastline

Portorož is the largest seaside tourist centre in Slovenia

Port of Durrës, the largest port in Albania

Italy in 1860: orange Kingdom of Sardinia, blue Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (Austrian Empire), pink United Provinces of Central Italy, red Papal States, pale green Kingdom of Two Sicilies.

Port of Rijeka, the largest cargo port in Croatia

Italy in 1861: orange Kingdom of Italy, blue Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (Austrian Empire), red Papal States.

Port of Koper, the largest port in Slovenia

Kingdom of Italy in 1870, showing the Papal States, before the Capture of Rome.

Cruise ships at the passenger terminal in the Port of Venice (Venezia Terminal Passeggeri)

Port of Trieste, the largest cargo port in the Adriatic

Marco Polo International Airport (Aeroporto di Venezia Marco Polo)

Port of Bar, the largest seaport in Montenegro

An 18th-century view of Venice by Venetian artist Canaletto.

The Palazzo Cavalli-Franchetti is an example of Venetian Gothic architecture alongside the Grand Canal.

The Venice Film Festival is the oldest film festival in the world and one of the most prestigious and publicized.

Francesco Guardi's Regatta in Venice, Guardi was a member of the Venetian School.

The Morning Chocolate, by Pietro Longhi. Hot chocolate was a fashionable drink in Venice during the 1770s and 1780s.

Luxury shops and boutiques along the Rialto Bridge.

The Doge Andrea Gritti, reigned 1523–1538, portrait by Titian.

Carlo Goldoni, the most notable name in Italian theatre.

thumb|The Grand Canal in Venice from Palazzo Flangini to Campo San Marcuola, Canaletto, circa 1738, J. Paul Getty Museum.

thumb|Francesco Guardi, The Grand Canal, circa 1760 (Art Institute of Chicago)

thumb|Morning Impression along a Canal in Venice, Veneto, Italy by Rafail Levitsky (1896)

thumb|View from the Bridge of Sighs (2017)

The whole comune (red) in the Metropolitan City of Venice

Palazzo Corner is the seat of the Metropolitan City of Venice

Palazzo Ferro Fini is the seat of the Regional Council of Veneto

Iconic Della Salute by UK based Artist Raouf Oderuth

Venice has been known as "La Dominante", "La Serenissima", "Queen of the Adriatic", "City of Water", "City of Masks", "City of Bridges", "The Floating City", and "City of Canals".

- Venice

The Adriatic's shores are populated by more than 3.5 million people; the largest cities are Bari, Venice, Trieste and Split.

- Adriatic Sea

Following Italian unification, the Kingdom of Italy started an eastward expansion that lasted until the 20th century.

- Adriatic Sea

In 1844, two brothers from Venice, Attilio and Emilio Bandiera, members of the Giovine Italia, planned to make a raid on the Calabrian coast against the Kingdom of Two Sicilies in support of Italian unification.

- Unification of Italy

In 1866, after the Third Italian War of Independence, Venice, along with the rest of the Veneto, became part of the newly created Kingdom of Italy.

- Venice

With the motto "Free from the Alps to the Adriatic", the unification movement set its gaze on Rome and Venice.

- Unification of Italy

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Italy

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Country that consists of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and several islands surrounding it; its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region.

Expansion of the territory called "Italy" from ancient Greece until Diocletian

The Iron Crown of Lombardy, for centuries a symbol of the Kings of Italy

Marco Polo, explorer of the 13th century, recorded his 24 years-long travels in the Book of the Marvels of the World, introducing Europeans to Central Asia and China.

The Italian states before the beginning of the Italian Wars in 1494

Leonardo da Vinci, the quintessential Renaissance man, in a self-portrait (ca. 1512, Royal Library, Turin)

Christopher Columbus leads an expedition to the New World, 1492. His voyages are celebrated as the discovery of the Americas from a European perspective, and they opened a new era in the history of humankind and sustained contact between the two worlds.

The Victor Emmanuel II Monument in Rome, a national symbol of Italy celebrating the first king of the unified country, and resting place of the Italian Unknown Soldier since the end of World War I. It was inaugurated in 1911, on the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the Unification of Italy.

The fascist dictator Benito Mussolini titled himself Duce and ruled the country from 1922 to 1943.

Areas controlled by the Italian Empire at its peak

Italian partisans in Milan during the Italian Civil War, April 1945

Alcide De Gasperi, first republican Prime Minister of Italy and one of the Founding Fathers of the European Union

The signing ceremony of the Treaty of Rome on 25 March 1957, creating the European Economic Community, forerunner of the present-day European Union

Funerals of the victims of the Bologna bombing of 2 August 1980, the deadliest attack ever perpetrated in Italy during the Years of Lead

Italian government task force to face the COVID-19 emergency

Dolphins in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the Aeolian Islands

Gran Paradiso, established in 1922, is the oldest Italian national park.

The Italian wolf, the national animal of Italy

Köppen-Geiger climate classification map of Italy

The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of Italy.

An Alfa Romeo 159 vehicle of the Carabinieri corps

Group photo of the G7 leaders at the 43rd G7 summit in Taormina

Heraldic coat of arms of the Italian Armed Forces

A proportional representation of Italy exports, 2019

Milan is the economic capital of Italy, and is a global financial centre and a fashion capital of the world.

The Autostrada dei Laghi ("Lakes Motorway"), the first motorway built in the world

FS' Frecciarossa 1000 high speed train, with a maximum speed of 400 km/h

Trieste, the main port of the northern Adriatic and starting point of the Transalpine Pipeline

ENI is considered one of the world's oil and gas "Supermajors".

Solar panels in Piombino. Italy is one of the world's largest producers of renewable energy.

Galileo Galilei, the father of modern science, physics and astronomy

Enrico Fermi, creator of the world's first first nuclear reactor

The Amalfi Coast is one of Italy's major tourist destinations.

Map of Italy's population density at the 2011 census

Italy is home to a large population of migrants from Eastern Europe and North Africa.

Linguistic map showing the languages spoken in Italy

Vatican City, the Holy See's sovereign territory

Bologna University, established in AD 1088, is the world's oldest academic institution.

Olive oil and vegetables are central to the Mediterranean diet.

The Last Supper (1494–1499), Leonardo da Vinci, Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

Michelangelo's David (1501–1504), Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence

The Birth of Venus (1484–1486), Sandro Botticelli, Uffizi Gallery, Florence

Dante shown holding a copy of the Divine Comedy, next to the entrance to Hell, the mount of Purgatory and the city of Florence, with the spheres of Heaven above, in Michelino's fresco, 1465

Niccolò Machiavelli, founder of modern political science and ethics

Pinocchio is one of the world's most translated books and a canonical piece of children's literature.

Clockwise from top left: Thomas Aquinas, proponent of natural theology and the Father of Thomism; Giordano Bruno, one of the major scientific figures of the Western world; Cesare Beccaria, considered the Father of criminal justice and modern criminal law; and Maria Montessori, credited with the creation of the Montessori education

Statues of Pantalone and Harlequin, two stock characters from the Commedia dell'arte, in the Museo Teatrale alla Scala

Dario Fo, one of the most widely performed playwrights in modern theatre, received international acclaim for his highly improvisational style.

Giacomo Puccini, Italian composer whose operas, including La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly and Turandot, are among the most frequently worldwide performed in the standard repertoire

Luciano Pavarotti, considered one of the finest tenors of the 20th century and the "King of the High Cs"

Giorgio Moroder, pioneer of Italo disco and electronic dance music, is known as the "Father of disco".

The Azzurri in 2012. Football is the most popular sport in Italy.

Starting in 1909, the Giro d'Italia is the Grands Tours' second oldest.

A Ferrari SF21 by Scuderia Ferrari, the most successful Formula One team

Prada shop at Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan

The traditional recipe for spaghetti with tomato and basil sauce

The Frecce Tricolori, with the smoke trails representing the national colours of Italy, during the celebrations of the Festa della Repubblica

The Venice Film Festival is the oldest film festival in the world.

After centuries of foreign domination and political division, Italy was almost entirely unified in 1861 following a war of independence, establishing the Kingdom of Italy.

Including the islands, Italy has a coastline and border of 7600 km on the Adriatic, Ionian, Tyrrhenian seas (740 km), and borders shared with France (488 km), Austria (430 km), Slovenia (232 km) and Switzerland (740 km).

Many watercourses and coastal stretches have also been contaminated by industrial and agricultural activity, while because of rising water levels, Venice has been regularly flooded throughout recent years.

Veneto

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One of the 20 regions of Italy.

Venice, the primary tourist destination and the capital of Veneto

The Tetrarchs were the four co-rulers who governed the Roman Empire as long as Diocletian's reform lasted. Here they are portrayed embracing, in a posture of harmony, in a porphyry sculpture dating from the 4th century, produced in Anatolia, located today on a corner of St Mark's Basilica in Venice.

The Horses of Saint Mark, brought as loot from Constantinople in 1204.

An 18th-century view of Venice by Canaletto.

The 13th-century Castel Brando in Cison di Valmarino, Treviso.

St Mark's Basilica, the seat of the Patriarch of Venice.

The Prato della Valle in Padua, a work of Italian Renaissance architecture.

Antonio Canova's Psyche Revived by Love's Kiss.

The Church of Santa Maria della Salute in Venice

A trait that shows the structure of the Calà del Sasso

The region's capital is Venice while the biggest city is Verona.

After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna, the Republic was combined with Lombardy and annexed to the Austrian Empire as the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, until that was merged with the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence.

The Po Valley, covering 57% of Veneto, extends from the mountains to the Adriatic sea, broken only by some low hills: Euganean Hills, Berici Hills Colli Asolani and Montello, which constitute the remaining 14% of the territory.

Trieste

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City and seaport in northeastern Italy.

Remains of a Roman arch in Trieste's Old City

Trieste in the 17th century, in a contemporary image by the Carniolan historian Johann Weikhard von Valvasor

Palazzo Carciotti in Trieste, circa 1850

Yugoslav Army entering Trieste (the caption reads "Tito's Army liberated Trieste")

A postage stamp issued by the Italian Social Republic with a Yugoslav liberation overprint

Cheering crowd for the return of Trieste to Italy on November 4, 1954

One of many coffee sacks that are traded by a Trieste company.

Professional fisherman's boat in Barcola, a suburb of Trieste

From left to right: Barcolana near the Victory Lighthouse, a part of the harbour, a street of the Old City

Trieste Cathedral dedicated to Justus of Trieste

Serbian Orthodox Saint Spyridon Church, mid 19th century

View of Barcola from the Vittoria Lighthouse

James Joyce, Umberto Saba and their friends were guests of the still existing Caffè Stella Polare.

Caffe degli Specchi was opened in 1839 in Trieste

The Porto Vecchio, also showing Trieste Centrale railway station

Scooters are heavily used in personal transport in Trieste

Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste, on a narrow strip of Italian territory lying between the Adriatic Sea and Slovenia; Slovenia lies approximately 8 km east and 10–15 km southeast of the city, while Croatia is about 30 km to the south of the city.

The St Justus Cathedral (1320). Named after the city's Patron, Justus of Trieste, the church's interiors are decorated with Byzantine mosaics. It became a symbol of Italian Trieste during the Risorgimento.

There are direct intercity and high-speed trains between Trieste and Venice, Verona, Turin, Milan, Rome, Florence, Naples and Bologna.