A report on Rhythm and blues, Blues, Jump blues and African-American music

Louis Jordan in New York City, c. undefined July 1946

American blues singer Ma Rainey (1886–1939), the "Mother of the Blues"

The Banjo Lesson by Henry Ossawa Tanner, 1893

The habanera rhythm shown as tresillo (lower notes) with the backbeat (upper note)

Musicologist John Lomax (left) shaking hands with musician "Uncle" Rich Brown in Sumterville, Alabama

Piano excerpt from the rumba boogie "Mardi Gras in New Orleans" (1949) by Professor Longhair. 2–3 claves are written above for rhythmic reference.

Sheet music from "Saint Louis Blues" (1914)

William Sidney Mount painted scenes of black and white American musicians. This 1856 painting depicts an African-American banjo player.

3–2 clave written in two measures in cut-time

Bessie Smith, an early blues singer, known for her powerful voice

The Slayton Jubilee Singers entertain employees of the Old Trusty Incubator Factory, Clay Center, about 1910

Tresillo answered by the backbeat, the essence of clave in African American music

Marilyn Horne and Henry Lewis in 1961, photo by Carl Van Vechten

Bo Diddley's "Bo Diddley beat" is a clave-based motif.

Sister Rosetta Tharpe performing at Cafe Zanzibar

Blues legend B.B. King with his guitar, "Lucille"

Lil Wayne is one of the top selling black American musicians in modern history. In 2008, his album sold one million in its first week.

Ruth Brown was known as the "Queen of R&B"

Texas blues guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan, 1983

Italian singer Zucchero is credited as the "Father of Italian Blues", and is among the few European blues artists who still enjoy international success.

50 Cent in 2006. 50 Cent was one of the most popular African-American rappers of the 2000s.

Eric Clapton performing at Hyde Park, London, in June 2008

Duke Ellington straddled the big band and bebop genres. Ellington extensively used the blues form.

The music of Taj Mahal for the 1972 movie Sounder marked a revival of interest in acoustic blues.

Jump blues is an up-tempo style of blues, usually played by small groups and featuring horn instruments.

- Jump blues

It was popular in the 1940s and was a precursor of rhythm and blues and rock and roll.

- Jump blues

The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues, and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common.

- Blues

Some of the most popular music types today, such as rock and roll, country, rock, funk, jazz, blues, rhythm, and rhythm and blues were created and influenced by African-American artists.

- African-American music

In the early 1950s, it was frequently applied to blues records.

- Rhythm and blues

Featuring a choked, screaming tenor sax performance by Illinois Jacquet, the song was a hit in the "race" category.

- Jump blues

It replaced the term "race music", which originally came from within the black community, but was deemed offensive in the postwar world.

- Rhythm and blues

He has used the term "R&B" as a synonym for jump blues.

- Rhythm and blues

Though the use of the phrase in African-American music may be older, it has been attested to in print since 1912, when Hart Wand's "Dallas Blues" became the first copyrighted blues composition.

- Blues

The term "rock and roll" had a strong sexual connotation in jump blues and R&B, but when DJ Alan Freed referred to rock and roll on mainstream radio in the mid 50s, "the sexual component had been dialled down enough that it simply became an acceptable term for dancing".

- African-American music

In the 1940s, the jump blues style developed.

- Blues

2 related topics with Alpha

Rock and roll

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Genre of popular music that evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s.

Bill Haley and his Comets performing in the 1954 Universal International film Round Up of Rhythm

Elvis Presley in a promotion shot for Jailhouse Rock in 1957

Tommy Steele, one of the first British rock and rollers, performing in Stockholm in 1957

"There's No Romance in Rock and Roll" made the cover of True Life Romance in 1956

It originated from African-American music such as jazz, rhythm and blues, boogie woogie, gospel, as well as country music.

Particularly significant influences were jazz, blues, gospel, country, and folk.

In the same period, particularly on the West Coast and in the Midwest, the development of jump blues, with its guitar riffs, prominent beats and shouted lyrics, prefigured many later developments.

Jazz

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Albert Gleizes, 1915, Composition for "Jazz" from the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York

Ethel Waters sang "Stormy Weather" at the Cotton Club.

Dance in Congo Square in the late 1700s, artist's conception by E. W. Kemble from a century later

In the late 18th-century painting The Old Plantation, African-Americans dance to banjo and percussion.

The blackface Virginia Minstrels in 1843, featuring tambourine, fiddle, banjo and bones

Jelly Roll Morton, in Los Angeles, California, c. 1917 or 1918

The King & Carter Jazzing Orchestra photographed in Houston, Texas, January 1921

Louis Armstrong began his career in New Orleans and became one of jazz's most recognizable performers.

Duke Ellington at the Hurricane Club (1943)

The "classic quintet": Charlie Parker, Tommy Potter, Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, and Max Roach performing at Three Deuces in New York City. Photograph by William P. Gottlieb (August 1947), Library of Congress.

Machito (maracas) and his sister Graciella Grillo (claves)

Peter Brötzmann is a key figure in European free jazz.

Naná Vasconcelos playing the Afro-Brazilian Berimbau

C pentatonic scale beginning on the I (C pentatonic), IV (F pentatonic), and V (G pentatonic) steps of the scale.

V pentatonic scale over II–V–I chord progression

Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime.

The mid-1950s saw the emergence of hard bop, which introduced influences from rhythm and blues, gospel, and blues to small groups and particularly to saxophone and piano.

African-American music began incorporating Afro-Cuban rhythmic motifs in the 19th century when the habanera (Cuban contradanza) gained international popularity.

An early 1940s style known as "jumping the blues" or jump blues used small combos, uptempo music and blues chord progressions, drawing on boogie-woogie from the 1930s.