A report on Sub-replacement fertility and Aging of Japan

Countries by crude birth rate (CBR) in 2014

Japan's population in three demographic categories (from 1920 to 2010, with projections to 2060)

Global fertility rates as of 2020

Japan demographic transition 1888-2019

Americans with a bachelor's degree or higher by state according to the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey in 2019.

Japan's birth and death rates since 1950. The drop in 1966 was due to it being a hinoe uma (a year which is viewed as ill-omened in the Japanese Zodiac).

Child labor is common in many parts of the world

The percentage of births to unmarried women in selected countries, 1980 and 2007. As can be seen in the figure, Japan has not followed the trend of Western countries of children born outside of marriage to the same degree.

Human Development Index map. Darker is higher.

Japan's demographic age composition from 1940 to 2010, with projections out to 2060

The Danshan, Sichuan Province Nongchang Village people Public Affairs Bulletin Board in September 2005 noted that RMB 25,000 in social compensation fees were owed in 2005, for violation of the one child policy. Thus far 11,500 RMB had been collected, so another 13,500 RMB had to be collected.

Real GDP change in Japan (1956 to 2008)

Japan, a highly developed country, has low fertility rates and a rapidly aging population

Infant mortality rates, under age 1, in 2013. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest infant mortality rate, as well as the highest TFR.

Comparison with the U.S. (elderly percentage)

The aging of Japanese society, characterized by sub-replacement fertility rates and high life expectancy, is expected to continue.

- Aging of Japan

Only a few countries have had, for the time being, sufficiently sustained sub-replacement fertility (sometimes combined with other population factors like higher emigration than immigration) to have population decline, such as Japan, Germany, Lithuania, and Ukraine.

- Sub-replacement fertility

Countries by crude birth rate (CBR) in 2014

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