A report on Jodhpur State, Aurangzeb and Akbar

Aurangzeb holding a hawk in c. 1660
Akbar by Govardhan, c. 1630
Jodhpur State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India
A painting from c. 1637 shows the brothers (left to right) Shah Shuja, Aurangzeb and Murad Baksh in their younger years.
Akbar as a boy
Rao Maldev Rathore of Marwar
The Mughal Army under the command of Aurangzeb recaptures Orchha in October 1635.
Mughal Empire under Akbar's period (yellow)
Jodhpur State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India
A painting from Padshahnama depicts Prince Aurangzeb facing a maddened war elephant named Sudhakar.
Mughal Emperor Akbar training an elephant
Mehrangarh Fort
Sepoys loyal to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb maintain their positions around the palace, at Aurangabad, in 1658.
Akbar hawking with Mughal chieftains and nobleman accompanied by his guardian Bairam Khan
Rao Chandrasen of Marwar
Aurangzeb becomes emperor.
Young Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana son of Bairam Khan being received by Akbar
Amar Singh Rathore was a prince of Marwar
Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb in early 18th century
Mughal Emperor Akbar shoots the Rajput warrior Jaimal during the Siege of Chittorgarh in 1568
Durgadas Rathore's painting in Mehrangarh museum
Aurangzeb compiled Hanafi law by introducing the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri.
Bullocks dragging siege-guns uphill during Akbar's attack on Ranthambhor Fort in 1568
Maharaja Jaswant Singh II of Marwar, c. 1880. Attributed to Narsingh. The Brooklyn Museum.
Aurangzeb holding a flywhisk
The court of young Akbar, age 13, showing his first imperial act: the arrest of an unruly courtier, who was once a favourite of Akbar's father. Illustration from a manuscript of the Akbarnama
Maharaja Umaid Singh (1903–1947) of Jodhpur
Aurangzeb seated on a golden throne holding a Hawk in the Durbar. Standing before him is his son, Azam Shah.
Falcon Mohur of Akbar, minted in Asir. This coin was issued in the name of Akbar, to commemorate the capture of the strategic Asirgarh Fort of the Khandesh Sultanate on 17 January 1601 CE. Legend: "Allah is great, Khordad Ilahi 45, struck at Asir".
Umaid Bhawan Palace
Aurangzeb Receives Prince Mu'azzam. Chester Beatty Library
Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience) in Fatehpur Sikri
Dagger (Khanjar) of Aurangzeb (Badshah Alamgir).
Silver coin of Akbar with inscriptions of the Islamic declaration of faith, the declaration reads: "There is no god except Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah."
Manuscript of the Quran, parts of which are believed to have been written in Aurangzeb's own hand.
Portrait of Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani, commonly known as Jodha Bai, giving birth to Prince Salim, the future emperor Jahangir.
The Birthday of the Grand Mogul Aurangzeb, made 1701–1708 by Johann Melchior Dinglinger.
Death of Bahadur Shah of Gujarat at Diu, in front of the Portuguese in 1537
Josiah Child requests a pardon from Aurangzeb during the Anglo-Mughal War.
Portuguese ambush against the galleys of Seydi Ali Reis (Akbar's allies) in the Indian Ocean.
By 1690, Aurangzeb was acknowledged as: "emperor of the Mughal Sultanate from Cape Comorin to Kabul".
The Akbari Mosque, overlooking the Ganges
Aurangzeb spent his reign crushing major and minor rebellions throughout the Mughal Empire.
Portrait of the Mughal Emperor Akbar invocation of a Dua prayer.
The tomb of Akbar was pillaged by Jat rebels during the reign of Aurangzeb.
The Mughal Emperor Akbar welcomes his son Prince Salim at Fatehpur Sikri, (Akbarnameh).
Aurangzeb leads the Mughal Army during the Battle of Satara.
Akbar holds a religious assembly of different faiths in the Ibadat Khana in Fatehpur Sikri.
Raja Shivaji at Aurangzeb's Darbar- M V Dhurandhar
Silver square rupee of Akbar, Lahore mint, struck in Aban month of Ilahi
Aurangzeb reciting the Quran.
The great Mogul discoursing with a Humble Fakir
Aurangzeb dispatched his personal imperial guard during the campaign against the Satnami rebels.
Akbar triumphantly enters Surat
Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Delhi is built at the place where Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded.
Akbar hunting with cheetahs, c. 1602
Zafarnama is the name given to the letter sent by the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh in 1705 to Aurangzeb. The letter is written in Persian script.
Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak presenting Akbarnama to Akbar, Mughal miniature
Aurangzeb in a pavilion with three courtiers below.
Gate of Akbar's mausoleum at Sikandra, Agra, 1795
Bibi Ka Maqbara, the mausoleum of Aurangzeb's wife Dilras Banu Begum, was commissioned by him
Potrait of Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar with Mariam Zamani Begum, drawn as per Akbar's description.
Aurangzeb's tomb in Khuldabad, Maharashtra.
Aurangzeb reading the Quran
The unmarked grave of Aurangzeb in the mausoleum at Khuldabad, Maharashtra.
Tughra and seal of Aurangzeb, on an imperial firman
In the year 1689, according to Mughal accounts, Sambhaji was put on trial, found guilty of atrocities and executed.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=J. L. |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: Volume One: 1707{{snd}}1813 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA50 |access-date=29 September 2012 |date=2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |pages=50–}}</ref><ref name="google2">{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Burton |author-link=Burton Stein |year=2010 |orig-year=First published 1998 |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=David |editor-link=David Arnold (historian) |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA180 |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |edition=2nd |page=180 |isbn=978-1-4051-9509-6}}</ref>
Guru Tegh Bahadur was publicly executed in 1675 on the orders of Aurangzeb in Delhi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html |title=A Gateway to Sikhism {{!}} Sri Guru Tegh Bhadur Sahib |website=Gateway to Sikhism |access-date=28 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327223831/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html#12 |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Sarmad Kashani, a Jewish convert to Islam and Sufi mystic was accused of heresy and executed.<ref name="David Cook 2007">{{cite book |last=Cook |first=David |author-link=David Cook (historian) |year=2007 |title=Martyrdom in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=80 |isbn=978-0-521-85040-7}}</ref>
Daulatabad cannon
Kalak Bangadi cannon.
One of the Daulatabad cannons
Kilkila cannon
Aurangabad cannon
Seventeenth-century Badshahi Masjid built by Aurangzeb in Lahore.
Bibi ka Maqbara.
Tomb of Sufi saint, Syed Abdul Rahim Shah Bukhari constructed by Aurangzeb.
Shawls manufactured in the Mughal Empire had highly influenced other cultures around the world.
Shawl makers in the Mughal Empire.
Mughal imperial carpet
March of the Great Moghul (Aurangzeb)
François Bernier, was a French physician and traveller, who for 12 years was the personal physician of Aurangzeb. He described his experiences in Travels in the Mughal Empire.
Map of the Mughal Empire by Vincenzo Coronelli (1650–1718) of Venice, who served as Royal Geographer to Louis XIV of France.
French map of the Deccan.
Half rupee
Rupee coin showing full name
Rupee with square area
A copper dam of Aurangzeb
A Mughal trooper in the Deccan.
Aurangzeb leads his final expedition (1705), leading an army of 500,000 troops.
Mughal-era aristocrat armed with a matchlock musket.
Aurangzeb, in later life, hunting with hounds and falconers

During the late 17th century it was under the strict control of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, but the ruling house of Rathore was allowed to remain semi-autonomous in their territory.

- Jodhpur State

In April 1658, Aurangzeb defeated the allied army of Shikoh and the Kingdom of Marwar at the battle of Dharmat.

- Aurangzeb

Akbar succeeded Humayun in 1556, many Rajput chiefs mustered around him with their grievances against the Rathore Chief of Jodhpur.

- Jodhpur State

Shah Jahan had already moved away from the liberalism of Akbar, although in a token manner rather than with the intent of suppressing Hinduism, and Aurangzeb took the change still further.

- Aurangzeb

At some point, Akbar took into his harem Rukmavati, a daughter of Rao Maldev of Marwar by his mistress, Tipu Gudi.

- Akbar

Historian Mubarak Ali, while studying the image of Akbar in Pakistani textbooks, observes that Akbar "is conveniently ignored and not mentioned in any school textbook from class one to matriculation", as opposed to the omnipresence of emperor Aurangzeb.

- Akbar

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