A report on Alberta

A topographic map of Alberta, showing cities, towns, municipal district (county) and rural municipality borders, and natural features
Moraine Lake at Banff National Park. The Alberta Mountain forests makes up the southwestern boundary of Alberta.
Köppen climate types in Alberta
Southeastern Alberta features a semi-arid steppe climate.
The wild rose is the provincial flower of Alberta.
A bighorn sheep in Kananaskis Country. The bighorn sheep is the provincial mammal of Alberta.
Specimens at the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, located in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation at Dinosaur Provincial Park. Some of the specimens, from left to right, are Hypacrosaurus, Edmontosaurus, Lambeosaurus, Gorgosaurus (both in the background), Tyrannosaurus, and Triceratops.
Blackfoot Confederacy warriors in Macleod in 1907
Fort Chipewyan, a trading post and regional headquarters for the Hudson's Bay Company in 1820
Downtown Calgary was one of several areas afflicted during the 2013 Alberta floods.
Population density of Alberta
Petroleum resources in Alberta
Cows in Rocky View. Nearly one-half of Canadian beef is produced in Alberta.
A canola field in Alberta
The Three Sisters at Bow Valley Provincial Park in Canmore
Bronco riding at the Calgary Stampede. The event is one of the world's largest rodeos
Distribution of Alberta's 6 specialized municipalities (red) and 74 rural municipalities, which include municipal districts (often named as counties) (orange), improvement districts (dark green) and special areas (light green) (2020)
The Alberta Legislative Building serves as the meeting place for the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers in St. Albert. The RCMP provides municipal policing throughout most of Alberta.
The University of Alberta in 2005. The institution is the oldest, and largest university in Alberta.
Foothills Medical Centre in Calgary is the largest hospital in Alberta.
Calgary International Airport, the province's largest airport by passenger traffic.
A Via Rail passenger train passing by freight trains in the background, at Jasper station
Highway 1 (the Trans-Canada Highway) at Alberta Highway 22 (Cowboy Trail).

One of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.

- Alberta

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Overall

Banff, Alberta

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View from the summit of Sulphur Mountain, showing Banff and the surrounding areas
King Edward Hotel
Northern lights over Banff
Fairmont Banff Springs Hotel in 2008
Railway station

Banff is a town within Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada.

Scollard Formation exposed along the Red Deer River, Alberta. The Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton on display at the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology was excavated in the center of image.

Scollard Formation

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Scollard Formation exposed along the Red Deer River, Alberta. The Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton on display at the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology was excavated in the center of image.
The K-Pg boundary in the Scollard Formation. The coals are earliest Paleocene in age, lighter shales below are Maastrichtian. The lighter rock at the very base of the dark coals represents the K-Pg boundary.
Metasequoia occidentalis, upper Scollard Formation, central Alberta

The Scollard Formation is an Upper Cretaceous to lower Palaeocene stratigraphic unit of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in southwestern Alberta.

Outcrops along the Milk River

Milk River Formation

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Outcrops along the Milk River
Sandstones of the Milk River Formation at Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park

The Milk River Formation is a sandstone-dominated stratigraphic unit of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in southern Alberta, Canada.

Ringrose Peak, Lake O'Hara, British Columbia

Canadian Rockies

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Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains.

Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains.

Ringrose Peak, Lake O'Hara, British Columbia
View of Lake Louise in Alberta
Mount Robson in British Columbia
Sodalite-aegirine-albite pegmatite specimen, Ice River Complex, an intrusion partly in Yoho National Park. Field of view ≈7.1 cm across.
Peyto Lake, Banff National Park

The Canadian Rockies, being the northern segment of this chain, is thus defined as comprising the central-eastern section of the North American Cordillera, between the Prairies of Alberta and the Liard Plain of northeastern British Columbia to the east and the Interior Mountains/Plateau and Columbia Mountains to the west.

Maligne Lake in Jasper National Park

Alberta's Rockies

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Maligne Lake in Jasper National Park
View on the Icefields Parkway in Banff National Park

Alberta's Rockies comprise the Canadian Rocky Mountains in Alberta, Canada.

David Laird explaining terms of Treaty 8, Fort Vermilion, 1899

Treaty 8

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Most comprehensive of the one of eleven Numbered Treaties.

Most comprehensive of the one of eleven Numbered Treaties.

David Laird explaining terms of Treaty 8, Fort Vermilion, 1899
Treaty 8 site in Fort Resolution
Presentation copy of the original Treaty 8. Printed on parchment. Text in black and red; blue and red border

Treaty territory, which includes thirty-nine First Nation communities in northern Alberta, northwestern Saskatchewan, northeastern British Columbia, and the southwest portion of the Northwest Territories, making it the largest of the numbered treaty in terms of area.

Fort McMurray residents evacuating along Highway 63 as the fire encroaches on the area

2016 Fort McMurray wildfire

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Fort McMurray residents evacuating along Highway 63 as the fire encroaches on the area
The wildfire burning near Fort McMurray on May 1, 2016
Aerial view
Satellite imagery of the burn scar left by the wildfire on May 4, 2016
Super 8 motel destroyed by the fire

On May 1, 2016, a wildfire began southwest of Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada.

Beringia sea levels (blues) and land elevations (browns) measured in metres from 21,000 years ago to present

Beringia

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Defined today as the land and maritime area bounded on the west by the Lena River in Russia; on the east by the Mackenzie River in Canada; on the north by 72 degrees north latitude in the Chukchi Sea; and on the south by the tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula.

Defined today as the land and maritime area bounded on the west by the Lena River in Russia; on the east by the Mackenzie River in Canada; on the north by 72 degrees north latitude in the Chukchi Sea; and on the south by the tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula.

Beringia sea levels (blues) and land elevations (browns) measured in metres from 21,000 years ago to present
Bering land bridge – Wisconsin glaciation
Bering land bridge region – deglaciation period
Bering land bridge region – present day
Beringia precipitation 22,000 years ago
Genetic settlement of Beringia
Artemisia
Cyperaceae (sedges)
Gramineae (grasses)
Salix (willow)<ref name=guthrie2006>{{cite journal|doi=10.1038/nature04604|pmid=16688174|title=New carbon dates link climatic change with human colonization and Pleistocene extinctions|journal=Nature|volume=441|issue=7090|pages=207–09|year=2006|last1=Dale Guthrie|first1=R.|bibcode=2006Natur.441..207D|s2cid=4327783}}</ref><ref name=zimov2012>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.005|title=Mammoth steppe: A high-productivity phenomenon|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=57|pages=26–45|year=2012|last1=Zimov|first1=S.A.|last2=Zimov|first2=N.S.|last3=Tikhonov|first3=A.N.|last4=Chapin|first4=F.S.|bibcode=2012QSRv...57...26Z}}</ref>

At certain times in prehistory, it formed a land bridge that was up to 1000 km wide at its greatest extent and which covered an area as large as British Columbia and Alberta together, totaling approximately 1600000 km2.

Modern map of the United States overlapped with territory bought in the Louisiana Purchase (in white)

Louisiana Purchase

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The acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803.

The acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803.

Modern map of the United States overlapped with territory bought in the Louisiana Purchase (in white)
1804 map of "Louisiana", bounded on the west by the Rocky Mountains
The future president James Monroe as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to France helped Robert R. Livingston in negotiating the Louisiana Purchase
The original treaty of the Louisiana Purchase
Transfer of Louisiana by Ford P. Kaiser for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904)
Issue of 1953, commemorating the 150th Anniversary of signing
Flag raising in the Place d'Armes of New Orleans, marking the transfer of sovereignty over French Louisiana to the United States, December 20, 1803, as depicted by Thure de Thulstrup
The Purchase was one of several territorial additions to the U.S.
Plan of Fort Madison, built in 1808 to establish U.S. control over the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase, drawn 1810
Louisiana Purchase territory shown as American Indian land in Gratiot's map of the defences of the western & north-western frontier, 1837.
Share issued by Hope & Co. in 1804 to finance the Louisiana Purchase.

The purchase included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces, including the entirety of Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska; large portions of North Dakota and South Dakota; the area of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Continental Divide; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River; the northeastern section of New Mexico; northern portions of Texas; New Orleans and the portions of the present state of Louisiana west of the Mississippi River; and small portions of land within Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Contact (red arrow) between the underlying marine shales of the Bearpaw Formation and the coastal Horseshoe Canyon Formation.

Bearpaw Formation

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Geologic formation of Late Cretaceous age.

Geologic formation of Late Cretaceous age.

Contact (red arrow) between the underlying marine shales of the Bearpaw Formation and the coastal Horseshoe Canyon Formation.
Bearpaw shale being excavated to recover ammonites for ammolite production.
A specimen of Placenticeras ammolite from the Bearpaw Formation.

It outcrops in the U.S. state of Montana, as well as the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, and was named for the Bear Paw Mountains in Montana.