A report on Allies of World War II, Chiang Kai-shek and Cold War

Allied troops in Vladivostok, August 1918, during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War

The Allied leaders of the European theatre (left to right): Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meeting at the Tehran Conference in 1943

The "Big Three" at the Yalta Conference: Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin, 1945

The Allied leaders of the Asian and Pacific Theater: Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill meeting at the Cairo Conference in 1943

Sun Yat-sen and Chiang at the 1924 opening ceremonies for the Soviet-funded Whampoa Military Academy

Post-war Allied occupation zones in Germany

Wartime poster for the United Nations, created in 1941 by the U.S. Office of War Information

Clement Attlee, Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference, 1945

Wartime poster for the United Nations, created in 1943 by the U.S. Office of War Information

Chiang (right) together with Wang Jingwei (left), 1926

Post-war territorial changes in Europe and the formation of the Eastern Bloc, the so-called "Iron Curtain"

British Supermarine Spitfire fighter aircraft (bottom) flying past a German Heinkel He 111 bomber aircraft (top) during the Battle of Britain in 1940

Remains of the "Iron Curtain" in the Czech Republic

British Crusader tanks during the North African Campaign

Chiang during a visit to an air force base in 1945

C-47s unloading at Tempelhof Airport in Berlin during the Berlin Blockade

British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal under attack from Italian aircraft during the Battle of Cape Spartivento (27 Nov 1940)

Chiang and Soong on the cover of Time magazine, 26 October 1931

President Truman signs the North Atlantic Treaty with guests in the Oval Office.

British soldiers of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry in Elst, Netherlands on 2 March 1945

Nationalist government of Nanking – nominally ruling over entire China in 1930s

Mao Zedong and Joseph Stalin in Moscow, December 1949

Free French forces at the Battle of Bir Hakeim, 1942

After the breakout of the Second Sino-Japanese War, The Young Companion featured Chiang on its cover.

General Douglas MacArthur, UN Command CiC (seated), observes the naval shelling of Incheon, Korea from USS Mt. McKinley, 15 September 1950

FAFL Free French GC II/5 "LaFayette" receiving ex-USAAF Curtiss P-40 fighters at Casablanca, French Morocco

Chiang with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill in Cairo, Egypt, November 1943

US Marines engaged in street fighting during the liberation of Seoul, September 1950

The French fleet scuttled itself rather than fall into the hands of the Axis after their invasion of Vichy France on 11 November 1942.

Chiang and his wife Soong Mei-ling sharing a laugh with U.S. Lieutenant General Joseph W. Stilwell, Burma, April 1942

NATO and Warsaw Pact troop strengths in Europe in 1959

The fall of Damascus to the Allies, late June 1941. A car carrying Free French commanders General Georges Catroux and General Paul Louis Le Gentilhomme enters the city, escorted by French Circassian cavalry (Gardes Tcherkess).

From left to right: Soviet head of state Kliment Voroshilov, Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev and Finnish president Urho Kekkonen at Moscow in 1960.

Soviet soldiers and T-34 tanks advancing near Bryansk in 1942

Chiang with South Korean President Syngman Rhee in 1949

The maximum territorial extent of Soviet influence, after the Cuban Revolution of 1959 and before the official Sino-Soviet split of 1961

Soviet soldiers fighting in the ruins of Stalingrad during the Battle of Stalingrad

Map of the Chinese Civil War (1946–1950)

Western colonial empires in Asia and Africa all collapsed in the years after 1945.

Soviet Il-2 ground attack aircraft attacking German ground forces during the Battle of Kursk, 1943

Chiang with Japanese politician Nobusuke Kishi, in 1957

1961 Soviet stamp commemorating Patrice Lumumba, assassinated prime minister of the Republic of the Congo

American Douglas SBD Dauntless dive-bomber aircraft attacking the Japanese cruiser Mikuma during the Battle of Midway in June 1942

Chiang presiding over the 1966 Double Ten celebrations

The United States reached the Moon in 1969.

U.S. Marines during the Guadalcanal Campaign in November 1942

Chiang with U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower in June 1960

Che Guevara (left) and Fidel Castro (right) in 1961

American Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber aircraft during the bombing of oil refineries in Ploiești, Romania on 1 August 1943 during Operation Tidal Wave

The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall is a famous monument, landmark, and tourist attraction in Taipei, Taiwan.

Soviet and American tanks face each other at Checkpoint Charlie during the Berlin Crisis of 1961.

U.S. soldiers departing landing craft during the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944 known as D-Day

Aerial photograph of a Soviet missile site in Cuba, taken by a US spy aircraft, 1 November 1962

Philippine Scouts at Fort William McKinley firing a 37 mm anti-tank gun in training

Chinese propaganda poster proclaiming "Long Live the President"

NATO and Warsaw Pact troop strengths in Europe in 1973

Soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army associated with Nationalist China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War

US combat operations during the Battle of Ia Drang, South Vietnam, November 1965

Soldiers of the First Workers' and Peasants' Army associated with Communist China, during the Sino-Japanese War

Chiang Kai-shek and Winston Churchill heads, with Nationalist China flag and Union Jack

A manifestation of the Finlandization period: in April 1970, a Finnish stamp was issued in honor of the 100th anniversary of Vladimir Lenin's birth and the Lenin Symposium held in Tampere. The stamp was the first Finnish stamp issued about a foreign person.

Victorious Chinese Communist soldiers holding the flag of the Republic of China during the Hundred Regiments Offensive

Statue of Chiang Kai-shek in Yangmingshan National Park, Taiwan

The invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union in 1968 was one of the biggest military operations on European soil since World War II.

Members of the Belgian Resistance with a Canadian soldier in Bruges, September 1944 during the Battle of the Scheldt

Suharto of Indonesia attending funeral of five generals slain in 30 September Movement, 2 October 1965

Norwegian soldiers on the Narvik front, May 1940

Chiang Kai-shek with the Muslim General Ma Fushou

Egyptian leader Anwar Sadat with Henry Kissinger in 1975

Pilots of the No. 303 "Kościuszko" Polish Fighter Squadron during the Battle of Britain

Chiang Kai-shek as Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim

Chilean leader Augusto Pinochet shaking hands with Henry Kissinger in 1976

Polish partisan of the Home Army (AK), "Jędrusie" unit, holding a Browning wz.1928 light machine gun

Mao Fumei (毛福梅, 1882–1939), who died in the Second Sino-Japanese War during a bombardment, is the mother of his son and successor Chiang Ching-kuo

Cuban tank in the streets of Luanda, Angola, 1976

Partisans and Chetniks escorting captured Germans through Užice, autumn 1941

Yao Yecheng (姚冶誠, 1889–1972), who came to Taiwan and died in Taipei

During the Khmer Rouge regime led by Pol Pot, 1.5 to 2 million people died due to the policies of his four-year premiership.

Partisan leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito with Winston Churchill in 1944

Chen Jieru (陳潔如, "Jennie", 1906–1971), who lived in Shanghai, but moved to Hong Kong later and died there

Mao Zedong and US President Richard Nixon, during his visit in China

Chetniks leader General Mihailovic with members of the U.S. military mission, Operation Halyard, 1944

Soong Mei-ling (宋美齡, 1898–2003), who moved to the United States after Chiang Kai-shek's death, is arguably his most famous wife even though they had no children together

Leonid Brezhnev and Jimmy Carter sign the SALT II treaty, 18 June 1979, in Vienna

Romanian soldiers in Transylvania, September–October 1944

Iranian people protesting against the Pahlavi dynasty, during the Iranian Revolution

The dead bodies of Benito Mussolini, his mistress Clara Petacci, and several Fascist leaders, hanging for public display after they were executed by Italian partisans in 1945

Protest in Amsterdam against the deployment of Pershing II missiles in Europe, 1981

The first version of the flag of the United Nations, introduced in April 1945

The Soviet invasion during Operation Storm-333 on 26 December 1979

A British poster from 1941, promoting the greater alliance against Germany

President Reagan publicizes his support by meeting with Afghan mujahideen leaders in the White House, 1983.

U.S. government poster showing a friendly Soviet soldier, 1942

President Reagan with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher during a working luncheon at Camp David, December 1984

The world map of military alliances in 1980

US and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945–2006

Delta 183 launch vehicle lifts off, carrying the Strategic Defense Initiative sensor experiment "Delta Star".

After ten-year-old American Samantha Smith wrote a letter to Yuri Andropov expressing her fear of nuclear war, Andropov invited Smith to the Soviet Union.

Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan sign the INF Treaty at the White House, 1987.

The beginning of the 1990s brought a thaw in relations between the superpowers.

"Tear down this wall!" speech: Reagan speaking in front of the Brandenburg Gate, 12 June 1987

Otto von Habsburg, who played a leading role in opening the Iron Curtain.

Erich Honecker lost control in August 1989.

The human chain in Lithuania during the Baltic Way, 23 August 1989

Changes in national boundaries after the end of the Cold War

Since the end of the Cold War, the EU has expanded eastwards into the former Warsaw Pact and parts of the former Soviet Union.

A map showing the relations of Marxist–Leninist states after the Sino-Soviet split as of 1980:
The USSR and pro-Soviet socialist states
China and pro-Chinese socialist states
Neutral Socialist nations (North Korea and Yugoslavia)
Non-socialist states

The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by these two superpowers, following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany in 1945.

- Cold War

As the leader of a major Allied power, Chiang met with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the Cairo Conference to discuss terms for the Japanese surrender.

- Chiang Kai-shek

The Soviet Union intervened against Japan and its client state in Manchuria in 1945, cooperating with the Nationalist Government of China and the Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek; though also cooperating, preferring, and encouraging the Chinese Communist Party led by Mao Zedong to take effective control of Manchuria after expelling Japanese forces.

- Allies of World War II

In 1949, Mao Zedong's People's Liberation Army defeated Chiang Kai-shek's United States-backed Kuomintang (KMT) Nationalist Government in China.

- Cold War

In the context of the Cold War, most of the Western world recognized this position and the ROC represented China in the United Nations and other international organizations until the 1970s.

- Chiang Kai-shek

Despite the successful creation of the United Nations, the alliance of the Soviet Union with the United States and with the United Kingdom ultimately broke down and evolved into the Cold War, which took place over the following half-century.

- Allies of World War II

2 related topics with Alpha

The League of Nations assembly, held in Geneva, Switzerland, 1930

World War II

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Global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945.

Adolf Hitler at a German Nazi political rally in Nuremberg, August 1933

Benito Mussolini inspecting troops during the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935

The bombing of Guernica in 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, sparked fears abroad in Europe that the next war would be based on bombing of cities with very high civilian casualties.

Japanese Imperial Army soldiers during the Battle of Shanghai, 1937

Red Army artillery unit during the Battle of Lake Khasan, 1938

Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini, and Ciano pictured just before signing the Munich Agreement, 29 September 1938

German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop (right) and the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, after signing the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, 23 August 1939

Soldiers of the German Wehrmacht tearing down the border crossing into Poland, 1 September 1939

Soldiers of the Polish Army during the defence of Poland, September 1939

Finnish machine gun nest aimed at Soviet Red Army positions during the Winter War, February 1940

German advance into Belgium and Northern France, 10 May-4 June 1940, swept past the Maginot Line (shown in dark red)

London seen from St. Paul's Cathedral after the German Blitz, 29 December 1940

Soldiers of the British Commonwealth forces from the Australian Army's 9th Division during the Siege of Tobruk; North African Campaign, September 1941

German Panzer III of the Afrika Korps advancing across the North African desert, April-May 1941

European theatre of World War II animation map, 1939–1945 – Red: Western Allies and the Soviet Union after 1941; Green: Soviet Union before 1941; Blue: Axis powers

German soldiers during the invasion of the Soviet Union by the Axis powers, 1941

Soviet civilians leaving destroyed houses after a German bombardment during the Battle of Leningrad, 10 December 1942

Japanese soldiers entering Hong Kong, 8 December 1941

The USS Arizona (BB-39) was a total loss in the Japanese surprise air attack on the American Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Sunday 7 December 1941.

US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British PM Winston Churchill seated at the Casablanca Conference, January 1943

Map of Japanese military advances through mid-1942

US Marines during the Guadalcanal Campaign, in the Pacific theatre, 1942

Red Army soldiers on the counterattack during the Battle of Stalingrad, February 1943

American 8th Air Force Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombing raid on the Focke-Wulf factory in Germany, 9 October 1943

U.S. Navy SBD-5 scout plane flying patrol over USS Washington (BB-56) and USS Lexington (CV-16) during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, 1943

Red Army troops in a counter-offensive on German positions at the Battle of Kursk, July 1943

Ruins of the Benedictine monastery, during the Battle of Monte Cassino, Italian Campaign, May 1944

American troops approaching Omaha Beach during the invasion of Normandy on D-Day, 6 June 1944

German SS soldiers from the Dirlewanger Brigade, tasked with suppressing the Warsaw Uprising against Nazi occupation, August 1944

General Douglas MacArthur returns to the Philippines during the Battle of Leyte, 20 October 1944

Yalta Conference held in February 1945, with Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin

Ruins of the Reichstag in Berlin, 3 June 1945.

Atomic bombing of Nagasaki on 9 August 1945.

Ruins of Warsaw in 1945, after the deliberate destruction of the city by the occupying German forces

Defendants at the Nuremberg trials, where the Allied forces prosecuted prominent members of the political, military, judicial and economic leadership of Nazi Germany for crimes against humanity

Post-war border changes in Central Europe and creation of the Communist Eastern Bloc

David Ben-Gurion proclaiming the Israeli Declaration of Independence at the Independence Hall, 14 May 1948

Bodies of Chinese civilians killed by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Nanking Massacre in December 1937

Schutzstaffel (SS) female camp guards removing prisoners' bodies from lorries and carrying them to a mass grave, inside the German Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, 1945

Prisoner identity photograph taken by the German SS of a Polish Catholic girl who died in Auschwitz. Approximately 230,000 children were held prisoner and used in forced labour and Nazi medical experiments.

Polish civilians wearing blindfolds photographed just before their execution by German soldiers in Palmiry forest, 1940

Soviet partisans hanged by the German army. The Russian Academy of Sciences reported in 1995 civilian victims in the Soviet Union at German hands totalled 13.7 million dead, twenty percent of the 68 million persons in the occupied Soviet Union.

B-29 Superfortress strategic bombers on the Boeing assembly line in Wichita, Kansas, 1944

A V-2 rocket launched from a fixed site in Peenemünde, 21 June 1943

Nuclear Gadget being raised to the top of the detonation "shot tower", at Alamogordo Bombing Range; Trinity nuclear test, New Mexico, July 1945

It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the nearly half-century-long Cold War.

Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best army to defend Shanghai, but after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell.

The Roaring Lion, a portrait by Yousuf Karsh at the Canadian Parliament, December 1941

Winston Churchill

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British statesman, soldier and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955.

Jennie Spencer Churchill with her two sons, Jack (left) and Winston (right) in 1889.

Churchill in the military dress uniform of the 4th Queen's Own Hussars at Aldershot in 1895.

Churchill in 1900 around the time of his first election to Parliament.

Churchill in 1904 when he "crossed the floor".

Churchill and German Kaiser Wilhelm II during a military manoeuvre near Breslau, Silesia, in 1906.

Churchill and his fiancée Clementine Hozier shortly before their marriage in 1908.

Churchill (second left) photographed at the Siege of Sidney Street.

As First Lord of the Admiralty, Churchill's London residency was Admiralty House (music room pictured).

Churchill commanding the 6th Battalion, the Royal Scots Fusiliers, 1916. His second-in-command, Archibald Sinclair, is seated on the left.

Churchill meets female workers at Georgetown's filling works near Glasgow in October 1918.

Churchill as Secretary of State for the Colonies during his visit to Mandatory Palestine, Tel Aviv, 1921.

Churchill with children Randolph and Diana in 1923.

Churchill on Budget Day with his wife Clementine and children Sarah and Randolph, 15 April 1929.

Churchill meeting with film star Charlie Chaplin in Los Angeles in 1929.

Churchill and Neville Chamberlain, the chief proponent of appeasement.

Churchill takes aim with a Sten sub-machine gun in June 1941. The man in the pin-striped suit and fedora to the right is his bodyguard, Walter H. Thompson.

Churchill walks through the ruins of Coventry Cathedral with J A Moseley, M H Haigh, A R Grindlay and others, 1941.

Churchill and Roosevelt seated on the quarterdeck of for a Sunday service during the Atlantic Conference, 10 August 1941

Huge portraits of Churchill and Stalin, Brisbane, Australia, 31 October 1941

Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill at the Tehran Conference in 1943.

Churchill in the Roman amphitheatre of ancient Carthage to address 3,000 British and American troops, June 1943

Churchill is greeted by a crowd in Québec City, Canada, 1943

Churchill's crossing of the Rhine river in Germany, during Operation Plunder on 25 March 1945.

Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin at the Yalta Conference, February 1945.

The destruction of Dresden, February 1945.

Churchill waving the Victory sign to the crowd in Whitehall on the day he broadcast to the nation that the war with Germany had been won, 8 May 1945. Ernest Bevin stands to his right.

Churchill at the Potsdam Conference, July 1945.

Churchill with Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Charles and Princess Anne, 10 February 1953.

Churchill with Anthony Eden, Dean Acheson and Harry Truman, 5 January 1952.

Churchill's grave at St Martin's Church, Bladon.

Allies (1995) by Lawrence Holofcener, a sculptural group depicting Franklin D. Roosevelt and Churchill in New Bond Street, London.

The statue of Churchill (1973) by Ivor Roberts-Jones in Parliament Square, London

The British Empire at its territorial peak in 1921.

Churchill formed a national government and oversaw British involvement in the Allied war effort against the Axis powers, resulting in victory in 1945.

Amid the developing Cold War with the Soviet Union, he publicly warned of an "iron curtain" of Soviet influence in Europe and promoted European unity.

In November, Churchill and Roosevelt met Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek at the Cairo Conference (codename Sextant).