Allotropes of oxygen
dioxygenmolecular oxygenatomic oxygenO 2 oxygenatomic oxygen (O 1 )diatomic oxygendiatomic oxygen moleculedioxygen complexesgaseous oxygen
There are several known allotropes of oxygen.wikipedia
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Oxygen
OO 2 molecular oxygen
Singlet oxygen is the common name used for the two metastable states of molecular oxygen (O 2 ) with higher energy than the ground state triplet oxygen.
At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula.









Ozone
ozonationO 3 ozone generator
The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth, is generally known as oxygen, but may be called dioxygen, diatomic oxygen, molecular oxygen, or oxygen gas to distinguish it from the element itself and from the triatomic allotrope ozone,.
It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope, breaking down in the lower atmosphere to (dioxygen).









Triplet oxygen
tripletground state of dioxygenhave a triplet ground state
Singlet oxygen is the common name used for the two metastable states of molecular oxygen (O 2 ) with higher energy than the ground state triplet oxygen. The ground state of dioxygen is known as triplet oxygen, 3 O 2, because it has two unpaired electrons.
It is the most stable and common allotrope of oxygen.

Allotropy
allotropeallotropesallotropic
For some elements, allotropes have different molecular formulae despite difference in phase; for example, two allotropes of oxygen (dioxygen, O 2, and ozone, O 3 ) can both exist in the solid, liquid and gaseous states.

Singlet oxygen
singlet 1 O 2 dioxygen molecule
Singlet oxygen is the common name used for the two metastable states of molecular oxygen (O 2 ) with higher energy than the ground state triplet oxygen. The first excited state, singlet oxygen, 1 O 2, has no unpaired electrons and is metastable.
The lowest excited state of the diatomic oxygen molecule is a singlet state.


Radical (chemistry)
free radicalradicalfree radicals
Dioxygen (O 2 ) is the premier example of a stable diradical.





Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
SOFIAStratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)@SOFIAtelescope
Atomic oxygen has been detected at planet Mars by Mariner, Viking, and the SOFIA observatory.
In early 2016, SOFIA detected atomic oxygen in the Atmosphere of Mars for the first time in 40 years.









Atmosphere of Earth
airEarth's atmosphereatmosphere
As a major component (about 21% by volume) of Earth's atmosphere, elemental oxygen is most commonly encountered in the diatomic form.









Tetraoxygen
O 4 tetratomic oxygen
Solid oxygen
OctaoxygenO 8 snow
The molecule was thought to be in one of the phases of solid oxygen later identified as.
Outer space
spaceinterstellar spaceintergalactic medium
On Earth's surface, it does not exist naturally for very long, but in outer space, the presence of plenty of ultraviolet radiation results in a low Earth orbit atmosphere in which 96% of the oxygen occurs in atomic form.









Low Earth orbit
Low EarthLEOlow-Earth orbit
On Earth's surface, it does not exist naturally for very long, but in outer space, the presence of plenty of ultraviolet radiation results in a low Earth orbit atmosphere in which 96% of the oxygen occurs in atomic form.

Mars
MartianCoordinatesplanet Mars
Atomic oxygen has been detected at planet Mars by Mariner, Viking, and the SOFIA observatory.









Mariner program
MarinerMariner missionsMariner probes
Atomic oxygen has been detected at planet Mars by Mariner, Viking, and the SOFIA observatory.








Viking program
VikingViking OrbiterViking Lander
Atomic oxygen has been detected at planet Mars by Mariner, Viking, and the SOFIA observatory.









Aerobic organism
aerobicaerobic bacteriaaerobe
Aerobic organisms utilize atmospheric dioxygen as the terminal oxidant in cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration
respirationaerobic respirationaerobic
Aerobic organisms utilize atmospheric dioxygen as the terminal oxidant in cellular respiration.



Ground state
ground-stategroundelectronic ground
The ground state of dioxygen is known as triplet oxygen, 3 O 2, because it has two unpaired electrons.
Metastability
metastablemetastable stateunstable molecules
Singlet oxygen is the common name used for the two metastable states of molecular oxygen (O 2 ) with higher energy than the ground state triplet oxygen. The first excited state, singlet oxygen, 1 O 2, has no unpaired electrons and is metastable.

Picometre
pmpicometerpicometers
The ground state of has a bond length of 121 pm and a bond energy of 498 kJ/mol.
Paramagnetism
paramagneticparamagnetParamagnetic materials
Liquid oxygen is pale blue in colour, and is quite markedly paramagnetic due to the unpaired electrons; liquid oxygen contained in a flask suspended by a string is attracted to a magnet.



Rose bengal
PV-10Rose bengal sodiumrose-bengal
It can be generated in a photosensitized process by energy transfer from dye molecules such as rose bengal, methylene blue or porphyrins, or by chemical processes such as spontaneous decomposition of hydrogen trioxide in water or the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with hypochlorite.


Methylene blue
Methylthioninium chloride
It can be generated in a photosensitized process by energy transfer from dye molecules such as rose bengal, methylene blue or porphyrins, or by chemical processes such as spontaneous decomposition of hydrogen trioxide in water or the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with hypochlorite.




Porphyrin
porphyrinscoproporphyrinuroporphyrin
It can be generated in a photosensitized process by energy transfer from dye molecules such as rose bengal, methylene blue or porphyrins, or by chemical processes such as spontaneous decomposition of hydrogen trioxide in water or the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with hypochlorite.









Trioxidane
dihydrogen trioxidehydrogen trioxidetrioxide
It can be generated in a photosensitized process by energy transfer from dye molecules such as rose bengal, methylene blue or porphyrins, or by chemical processes such as spontaneous decomposition of hydrogen trioxide in water or the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with hypochlorite.
