A report on Major depressive disorder, Alzheimer's disease and Locus coeruleus

Sorrowing Old Man (At Eternity's Gate) by Vincent van Gogh (1890)
Drawing comparing a normal aged brain (left) and the brain of a person with Alzheimer's. Characteristics that separate the two are pointed out.
Rhomboid fossa. (Locus coeruleus not labeled, but is very near [just lateral to] the colliculus facialis, which is labeled at center left.)
An 1892 lithograph of a woman diagnosed with melancholia
Stages of atrophy in Alzheimer's.
Locus coeruleus and its influence pathways
A cup analogy demonstrating the diathesis–stress model that under the same amount of stressors, person 2 is more vulnerable than person 1, because of their predisposition.
A normal brain on the left and a late-stage Alzheimer's brain on the right
Caricature of a man with depression
In Alzheimer's disease, changes in tau protein lead to the disintegration of microtubules in brain cells.
Physical exercise is one recommended way to manage mild depression.
Histopathologic images of Alzheimer's disease, in the CA3 area of the hippocampus, showing an amyloid plaque (top right), neurofibrillary tangles (bottom left), and granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (bottom center)
Sertraline (Zoloft) is used primarily to treat major depression in adults.
PET scan of the brain of a person with Alzheimer's disease showing a loss of function in the temporal lobe
Diagnoses of depression go back at least as far as Hippocrates.
Cognitive tests such as the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) can help in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. In this test instructions are given to copy drawings like the one shown, remember some words, read, and subtract numbers serially.
The 16th American president, Abraham Lincoln, had "melancholy", a condition that now may be referred to as clinical depression.
Intellectual activities such as playing chess or regular social interaction have been linked to a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease in epidemiological studies, although no causal relationship has been found.
Three-dimensional molecular model of donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease symptoms
Molecular structure of memantine, a medication approved for advanced Alzheimer's disease symptoms
Alois Alzheimer's patient Auguste Deter in 1902. Hers was the first described case of what became known as Alzheimer's disease.
Self-portrait of artist William Utermohlen, created after Alzheimer's disease diagnosis

Other risk factors include a history of head injury, clinical depression, and high blood pressure.

- Alzheimer's disease

The locus coeruleus may figure in clinical depression, panic disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and anxiety.

- Locus coeruleus

Third, decreased size of the locus coeruleus, decreased activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, increased density of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor, and evidence from rat models suggest decreased adrenergic neurotransmission in depression.

- Major depressive disorder

Subjective cognitive complaints appear in older depressed people, but they can also be indicative of the onset of a dementing disorder, such as Alzheimer's disease.

- Major depressive disorder

Degeneration is also present in brainstem nuclei particularly the locus coeruleus in the pons.

- Alzheimer's disease
Sorrowing Old Man (At Eternity's Gate) by Vincent van Gogh (1890)

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