A report on Jainism and Ambika (Jainism)

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).

An image of Ambika in Cave 34 of the Ellora Caves

Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (transmigrating souls) in Jainism

Ambika as Gullikayi ji in front of Gommateshwara statue

Lord Neminatha, Akota Bronzes (7th century)

Goddess Ambika sitting on lion and mango tree branch in right arm and her son in left, Royal Ontario Museum, 8th-9th century

Jain miniature painting of 24 tirthankaras, Jaipur, c. 1850

Jain temple painting explaining Anekantavada with Blind men and an elephant

A Jain monk in meditation, wearing the characteristic white robe and face covering

Image depicting Goddess Ambika in LACMA, 6th-7th century

Nishidhi stone, depicting the vow of sallekhana, 14th century, Karnataka

Carving of Ambikadevi Kalugumalai Jain Beds, 8th century

Praying at the feet of a statue of Bahubali

Image depicting Goddess Ambika from Karnataka, India, c. 900 CE, Norton Simon Museum

Jain worship may include ritual offerings and recitals.

Sculpture of Goddess Ambika, 1034 AD, British Museum

Celebrating Das Lakshana (Paryushana), Jain Center of America, New York City

Goddess Ambika in Museum Rietberg, 11th century

The birth of Mahavira, from the Kalpa Sūtra (c.1375–1400 CE)

Sculpture of Gomedh and Ambika at Maharaja Chhatrasal Museum, 11th century

Sarvanubhuti and Kushmandini with Jinas, 11 century, Art Gallery of New South Wales

Goddess Ambika idol, Victoria and Albert Museum, 1150-1200 AD

A symbol to represent the Jain community was chosen in 1975 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of Mahavira’s nirvana.

Goddess Ambika - Medieval Period (Government Museum, Mathura)

Rishabhdev, believed to have lived over 592.704×1018 years ago, is considered the traditional founder of Jainism.

Modern iconography, Shri Munisuvrata-Nemi-Parshva Jinalaya

The ruins of Gori Jain temples in Nagarparkar, Pakistan, a pilgrimage site before 1947.

Saavira Kambada Basadi, Moodbidri, Karnataka

In Jainism, Ambika (अम्बिका, ଅମ୍ବିକା "Mother") or Ambika Devi (अम्बिका देवी "the Goddess-Mother") is the Yakshini "dedicated attendant deity" or "protector goddess" of the 22nd Tirthankara, Neminatha.

- Ambika (Jainism)

The basic ritual is darsana (seeing) of deva, which includes Jina, or other yaksas, gods and goddesses such as Brahmadeva, 52 Viras, Padmavati, Ambika and 16 Vidyadevis (including Sarasvati and Lakshmi).

- Jainism

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Didarganj Yakshi
3rd century BCE – 2nd century CE Patna Museum, Patna

Yakshini

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The Bhutesvara Yakshis, Mathura, 2nd century CE.

Yakshi under a flowering asoka tree. Shunga, 2nd-1st century BC, India

A Yakshin, 10th century, Mathura, India. Guimet Museum.

The Besnagar Yakshi, 3rd-1st century BC.

Reserve Bank of India headquarters, Delhi entrance with a yakshini sculpture (c. 1960) depicting "Prosperity through agriculture".

Statue of Yakshi by Kanayi Kunjiraman at Malampuzha Dam

Red sandstone 2nd century Kushan empire, mathura region, Dallas Museum of Art.

Yakshinis (यक्षिणी yakṣiṇī or yakṣī; yakkhiṇī or yakkhī) are a class of nature spirits in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain religious mythologies that are different from devas (gods), asuras (demons), and gandharvas or apsaras (celestial nymphs).

In Jainism, there are twenty-five yakshis, including Panchanguli, Chakreshvari, Ambika, and Padmavati, who are frequently represented in Jain temples.

Yaksha

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The yakshas (यक्ष yakṣa; yakkha) are a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, but sometimes mischievous or capricious, connected with water, fertility, trees, the forest, treasure and wilderness.

Painting of Āṭavaka, a yaksha who challenged the Buddha

A yaksha as a gate guardian (dvarapala) at Plaosan temple in Indonesia

'Digambara Yaksha Sarvahna', Norton Simon Museum, c. 900 CE

Yaksha and yakshini couple Sarvānubhūti and Kuṣmāṇḍinī, with the Tirthankaras

Face of the yakṣa Thotsakhirithon (ทศคีรีธร) at Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok

Yaksha couple standing on lotus leaves, the male (sic) holding a lotus bud and posed in shalabhanjika

Dvarapala Yaksha made of basalt. Statue found in Buddhist cave (Pitalkhora) and dates to 2nd century CE. On display in the Prince of Wales Museum.

Mudgarpani Yaksha, 2nd century BCE, Bharnakalan, Mathura Museum.

Vidisha Yaksha, 2nd century BCE, Vidisha Museum.

Gomedh and Ambika at Maharaja Chhatrasal Museum, 11th century

They appear in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist texts, as well as ancient and medieval era temples of South Asia and Southeast Asia as guardian deities.

During tenth and thirteenth centuries yaksha Saarvanubhuti, or Sarvahna and yakshinis Chakreshvari, Ambika, Padmavati, and Jwalamalini became so popular that independent temples devoted to them were erected.

Neminatha

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Depiction of wedding procession of Neminatha. His legend states that he renounced after hearing animal cries while they were being sacrificed to prepare his wedding feast.

Neminatha temple complex on Girnar hills near Junagadh, Gujarat.

Kalpa Sūtra recto Neminatha's blowing Krishna's conch verso text

The largest statue of Neminath with height of 16 meters at Tirumalai built in 12th century

Neminath Sculpture, National Museum, New Delhi, 11th Century

Image at Maharaja Chhatrasal Museum, 12th century

Neminath idol, Government Museum, Mathura, 12th Century

Depiction of Neminatha on Naag as bed, chakra on foot finger and conch played by nose at Parshvanath temple, Tijara

Neminatha, also known as Nemi and Arishtanemi, is the twenty-second tirthankara (ford-maker) in Jainism.

The yaksha and yakshi of Neminatha are Sarvanha and Ambika according to Digambara tradition and Gomedha and Ambika according to Śhvētāmbara tradition.

Padmavati, 10th century, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Padmavati (Jainism)

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9th century Padmavati relief in Chitharal Jain Monuments

'Mandala of Padmavati', bronze, Walters Art Museum, 11th century

Goddess Padmavati at Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir, Jabalpur

Sculpture of Goddess Padmavati in Akkana Basadi, 12th century

Goddess Padmavati at Walkeshwar Jain Temple

Padmāvatī is the protective goddess or śāsana devī (शासनदेवी) of Pārśvanātha, the twenty-third Jain tīrthāṅkara, complimenting Parshwa yaksha, the shasan deva.

Goddess Padmavati along with Ambika, Chakreshvari are held as esteemed deities and worshipped in Jains along with tirthankaras.

Shravanabelagola

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Town located near Channarayapatna of Hassan district in the Indian state of Karnataka and is 144 km from Bengaluru.

The pond in the middle of the town, after which it is named, Beḷagoḷa “White Pond”

Statue of Emperor Bharata Chakravartin, after whom India was named Bharatvarsha.

Mahamastakabhisheka of Gommateshwara statue

The tableau of Karnataka depicting Mahamastabhisheka of Lord Gommateshwara, during the Republic Day Parade in 2005

The Gommateshwara Bahubali statue at Shravanabelagola is one of the most important tirthas (pilgrimage destinations) in Jainism, one that reached a peak in architectural and sculptural activity under the patronage of Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad.

1) Chandragupta basadi was established in the 9th century. The middle cell of this temple has the figure of Parshvanatha, the one to the right the figure of Padmavathi and the one to the left the figure of Kushmandini, all in a seated posture.

Akota Bronzes

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Lord Parsvanatha, National Museum, New Delhi, 9th century.

7th-century Tirthankar image, Akota, at Honolulu Academy of Arts

The Akota Bronzes represent a rare and important set of 68 Jain images, dating to between the 6th and 12th centuries AD, which were found in the vicinity of Akota near Baroda in the Indian state of Gujarat.

Notable images of Ambika on lion and standing Sarasvati are from the same period.