A report on Lewis acids and bases, Nucleophile and Ammonia

Diagram of some Lewis and
A hydroxide ion acting as a nucleophile in an SN2 reaction, converting a halogenoalkane into an alcohol
Ball-and-stick model of the diamminesilver(I) cation, [Ag(NH3)2]+
Major structural changes accompany binding of the Lewis base to the coordinatively unsaturated, planar Lewis acid BF3
Ball-and-stick model of the tetraamminediaquacopper(II) cation, [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2](2+)
MO diagram depicting the formation of a dative covalent bond between two atoms
Jabir ibn Hayyan
This high-pressure reactor was built in 1921 by BASF in Ludwigshafen and was re-erected on the premises of the University of Karlsruhe in Germany.
A train carrying Anhydrous Ammonia.
Liquid ammonia bottle
Household ammonia
Ammoniacal Gas Engine Streetcar in New Orleans drawn by Alfred Waud in 1871.
The X-15 aircraft used ammonia as one component fuel of its rocket engine
Anti-meth sign on tank of anhydrous ammonia, Otley, Iowa. Anhydrous ammonia is a common farm fertilizer that is also a critical ingredient in making methamphetamine. In 2005, Iowa used grant money to give out thousands of locks to prevent criminals from getting into the tanks.
The world's longest ammonia pipeline (roughly 2400 km long), running from the TogliattiAzot plant in Russia to Odessa in Ukraine
Hydrochloric acid sample releasing HCl fumes, which are reacting with ammonia fumes to produce a white smoke of ammonium chloride.
Production trend of ammonia between 1947 and 2007
Main symptoms of hyperammonemia (ammonia reaching toxic concentrations).
Ammonia occurs in the atmospheres of the outer giant planets such as Jupiter (0.026% ammonia), Saturn (0.012% ammonia), and in the atmospheres and ices of Uranus and Neptune.

For example, NH3 is a Lewis base, because it can donate its lone pair of electrons.

- Lewis acids and bases

Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they are Lewis bases.

- Nucleophile

The terms nucleophile and electrophile are more or less interchangeable with Lewis base and Lewis acid, respectively.

- Lewis acids and bases

Examples of nucleophiles are anions such as Cl−, or a compound with a lone pair of electrons such as NH3 (ammonia), PR3.

- Nucleophile

In organic chemistry, ammonia can act as a nucleophile in substitution reactions.

- Ammonia

Ammonia forms 1:1 adducts with a variety of Lewis acids such as I2, phenol, and Al(CH3)3.

- Ammonia
Diagram of some Lewis and

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