A report on Ammonia and Sulfuric acid

Ball-and-stick model of the diamminesilver(I) cation, [Ag(NH3)2]+

Drops of concentrated sulfuric acid rapidly decompose a piece of cotton towel by dehydration.

Ball-and-stick model of the tetraamminediaquacopper(II) cation, [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2](2+)

Solid state structure of the [D3SO4]+ ion present in [D3SO4]+[SbF6]−, synthesized by using DF in place of HF. (see text)

This high-pressure reactor was built in 1921 by BASF in Ludwigshafen and was re-erected on the premises of the University of Karlsruhe in Germany.

Acidic drain cleaners usually contain sulfuric acid at a high concentration which turns a piece of pH paper red and chars it instantly, demonstrating both the strong acidic nature and dehydrating property.

An acidic drain cleaner can be used to dissolve grease, hair and even tissue paper inside water pipes.

John Dalton's 1808 sulfuric acid molecule shows a central sulfur atom bonded to three oxygen atoms, or sulfur trioxide, the anhydride of sulfuric acid.

Ammoniacal Gas Engine Streetcar in New Orleans drawn by Alfred Waud in 1871.

Drops of 98% sulfuric acid char a piece of tissue paper instantly. Carbon is left after the dehydration reaction staining the paper black.

The X-15 aircraft used ammonia as one component fuel of its rocket engine

Superficial chemical burn caused by two 98% sulfuric acid splashes (forearm skin)

Anti-meth sign on tank of anhydrous ammonia, Otley, Iowa. Anhydrous ammonia is a common farm fertilizer that is also a critical ingredient in making methamphetamine. In 2005, Iowa used grant money to give out thousands of locks to prevent criminals from getting into the tanks.

The world's longest ammonia pipeline (roughly 2400 km long), running from the TogliattiAzot plant in Russia to Odessa in Ukraine

Hydrochloric acid sample releasing HCl fumes, which are reacting with ammonia fumes to produce a white smoke of ammonium chloride.

Production trend of ammonia between 1947 and 2007

Main symptoms of hyperammonemia (ammonia reaching toxic concentrations).

The amount of ammonia in ammonium salts can be estimated quantitatively by distillation of the salts with sodium (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), the ammonia evolved being absorbed in a known volume of standard sulfuric acid and the excess of acid then determined volumetrically; or the ammonia may be absorbed in hydrochloric acid and the ammonium chloride so formed precipitated as ammonium hexachloroplatinate, [NH4]2[PtCl6].

- Ammonia

Reacting the ammonia produced in the thermal decomposition of coal with waste sulfuric acid allows the ammonia to be crystallized out as a salt (often brown because of iron contamination) and sold into the agro-chemicals industry.

- Sulfuric acid

6 related topics with Alpha

Nitric acid

4 links

Inorganic compound with the formula HNO3.

Two major resonance representations of HNO3

Concentrated nitric acid oxidizes I2, P4, and S8 into HIO3, H3PO4, and H2SO4, respectively.

Upon adding a base such as ammonia, the color turns orange.

Acid

3 links

Molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton , known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid.

Acetic acid, a weak acid, donates a proton (hydrogen ion, highlighted in green) to water in an equilibrium reaction to give the acetate ion and the hydronium ion. Red: oxygen, black: carbon, white: hydrogen.

Hydrochloric acid (in beaker) reacting with ammonia fumes to produce ammonium chloride (white smoke).

This is an ideal titration curve for alanine, a diprotic amino acid. Point 2 is the first equivalent point where the amount of NaOH added equals the amount of alanine in the original solution.

Carbonated water (H2CO3 aqueous solution) is commonly added to soft drinks to make them effervesce.

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a carboxylic acid

Common aqueous acids include hydrochloric acid (a solution of hydrogen chloride that is found in gastric acid in the stomach and activates digestive enzymes), acetic acid (vinegar is a dilute aqueous solution of this liquid), sulfuric acid (used in car batteries), and citric acid (found in citrus fruits).

An example is boron trifluoride (BF3), whose boron atom has a vacant orbital that can form a covalent bond by sharing a lone pair of electrons on an atom in a base, for example the nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH3).

The international pictogram for corrosive chemicals.

Corrosive substance

2 links

One that will damage or destroy other substances with which it comes into contact by means of a chemical reaction.

The international transport pictogram for corrosives.

For example, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at a high concentration is also a strong dehydrating agent, capable of dehydrating carbohydrates and liberating extra heat.

Some concentrated weak bases, such as ammonia when anhydrous or in a concentrated solution

A farmer spreading manure to improve soil fertility

Fertilizer

1 links

Any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients.

World population supported with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers.

Founded in 1812, Mirat, producer of manures and fertilizers, is claimed to be the oldest industrial business in Salamanca (Spain).

Six tomato plants grown with and without nitrate fertilizer on nutrient-poor sand/clay soil. One of the plants in the nutrient-poor soil has died.

Total nitrogenous fertilizer consumption per region, measured in tonnes of total nutrient per year.

An apatite mine in Siilinjärvi, Finland.

Compost bin for small-scale production of organic fertilizer

Applying superphosphate fertilizer by hand, New Zealand, 1938

N-Butylthiophosphoryltriamide, an enhanced efficiency fertilizer.

Fertilizer use (2018). From FAO's World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2020

The diagram displays the statistics of fertilizer consumption in western and central European counties from data published by The World Bank for 2012.

Runoff of soil and fertilizer during a rain storm

Large pile of phosphogypsum waste near Fort Meade, Florida.

Red circles show the location and size of many dead zones.

Global methane concentrations (surface and atmospheric) for 2005; note distinct plumes

Only some bacteria and their host plants (notably legumes) can fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) by converting it to ammonia.

These minerals are converted into water-soluble phosphate salts by treatment with sulfuric (H2SO4) or phosphoric acids (H3PO4).

Iodine

1 links

Chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53.

I2•PPh3 charge-transfer complexes in CH2Cl2. From left to right: (1) I2 dissolved in dichloromethane – no CT complex. (2) A few seconds after excess PPh3 was added – CT complex is forming. (3) One minute later after excess PPh3 was added, the CT complex [Ph3PI]+I− has been formed. (4) Immediately after excess I2 was added, which contains [Ph3PI]+[I3]−.

Structure of the oxidising agent 2-iodoxybenzoic acid

Testing a seed for starch with a solution of iodine

Diatrizoic acid, an iodine-containing radiocontrast agent

The thyroid system of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4

Comparison of the iodine content in urine in France (in microgramme/day), for some regions and departments (average levels of urine iodine, measured in micrograms per liter at the end of the twentieth century (1980 to 2000))

The remaining waste was destroyed by adding sulfuric acid.

It is often used as a sensitive spot test for ammonia.

Titration

1 links

Common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte (a substance to be analyzed).

A typical titration curve of a diprotic acid titrated with a strong base. Shown here is oxalic acid titrated with sodium hydroxide. Both equivalence points are visible.

Phenolphthalein, a commonly used indicator in acid and base titration.

Color of iodometric titration mixture before (left) and after (right) the end point.

An elementary pH meter that can be used to monitor titration reactions.

A titration is demonstrated to secondary school students.

Kjeldahl method: a measure of nitrogen content in a sample. Organic nitrogen is digested into ammonia with sulfuric acid and potassium sulfate. Finally, ammonia is back titrated with boric acid and then sodium carbonate.