A report on Anterograde amnesia, Amnesia and Hippocampus
In neurology, anterograde amnesia is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.
- Anterograde amnesiaThere are two main types of amnesia: retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia.
- AmnesiaTo a large degree, anterograde amnesia remains a mysterious ailment because the precise mechanism of storing memories is not yet well understood, although it is known that the regions of the brain involved are certain sites in the temporal cortex, especially in the hippocampus and nearby subcortical regions.
- Anterograde amnesiaPeople with extensive, bilateral hippocampal damage may experience anterograde amnesia: the inability to form and retain new memories.
- HippocampusIn addition, specific areas of the hippocampus (the CA1 region) are involved with memory.
- AmnesiaIt is apparent that complete amnesia occurs only when both the hippocampus and the parahippocampus are damaged.
- Hippocampus4 related topics with Alpha
Long-term memory
3 linksStage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model in which informative knowledge is held indefinitely.
Stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model in which informative knowledge is held indefinitely.
These are encoded by the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and perirhinal cortex, but consolidated and stored elsewhere.
Research by Meulemans and Van der Linden (2003) found that amnesiac patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe performed more poorly on explicit learning tests than did healthy controls.
His subsequent total anterograde amnesia and partial retrograde amnesia provided the first evidence for the localization of memory function, and further clarified the differences between declarative and procedural memory.
Temporal lobe
2 linksOne of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals.
One of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals.
Medial temporal lobe structures that are critical for long-term memory include the hippocampus, along with the surrounding hippocampal region consisting of the perirhinal, parahippocampal, and entorhinal neocortical regions.
The medial temporal lobes include the hippocampi, which are essential for memory storage, therefore damage to this area can result in impairment in new memory formation leading to permanent or temporary anterograde amnesia.
Amnesia, Korsakoff syndrome, Klüver–Bucy syndrome
Episodic memory
2 linksMemory of everyday events that can be explicitly stated or conjured.
Memory of everyday events that can be explicitly stated or conjured.
The formation of new episodic memories requires the medial temporal lobe, a structure that includes the hippocampus.
For example, anterograde amnesia, from damage of the medial temporal lobe, is an impairment of declarative memory that affects both episodic and semantic memory operations.
The label "amnesia" is most often given to patients with deficits in episodic memory.
Retrograde amnesia
1 linksLoss of memory-access to events that occurred or information that was learned in the past.
Loss of memory-access to events that occurred or information that was learned in the past.
This would resemble generic amnesia.
Anterograde amnesia is a similar condition that deals with the inability to form new memories following the onset of an injury or disease.
The hippocampus deals largely with memory consolidation, where information from the working memory and short-term memory is encoded into long-term storage for future retrieval. Amnesic patients with damage to the hippocampus are able to demonstrate some degree of unimpaired semantic memory, despite a loss of episodic memory, due to spared parahippocampal cortex. In other words, retrograde amnesics "know" about information or skill, but cannot "remember" how they do.