A report on Dutch Golden AgeAmsterdam and Antwerp

Rembrandt The Night Watch (1642)
Grote Markt
Fishing for Souls, allegory of the Protestant-Catholic struggle
Scaldis (the Scheldt) and Antverpia, Abraham Janssens, 1609, oil on panel, Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp
A river landscape with fishermen in rowing boats, windmills beyond, 1679
The Oude Kerk was consecrated in 1306 AD.
Het Steen Castle
Syndics of the Drapers' Guild by Rembrandt, depicting wealthy Amsterdam burghers.
Amsterdam citizens celebrating the Peace of Münster, 30 January 1648. Painting by Bartholomeus van der Helst
Osias Beert the Elder, from Antwerp. Dishes with Oysters, Fruit, and Wine, c. 1620/1625
The Dutch had the largest merchant fleet in Europe in the 17th century
Courtyard of the Amsterdam Stock Exchange by Emanuel de Witte, 1653. The Amsterdam Stock Exchange was the first stock exchange to introduce continuous trade in the early 17th century.
Sack of Antwerp in 1576, in which about 7,000 people died.
The Trip brothers, arms traders, built the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam, currently the seat of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, which is a typical example of 17th-century architecture.
View of Vijzelstraat looking towards the Muntplein, 1891
Map of Antwerp (1624)
Canal in Leiden
Photochrom of Amsterdam's Dam Square at the beginning of the 20th century
Antwerp and the river Scheldt, photochrom ca. 1890–1900
A family portrait, second half of the 17th century
The rebuilt Magere Brug, around 1938.
Antwerp, Belgium, from the left bank of the Scheldt (c. 1890 – 1900)
The Dancing Couple, by Jan Steen, 1663
People celebrating the liberation of the Netherlands at the end of World War II on 8 May 1945
"View of Antwerp with the frozen Scheldt" (1590) by Lucas van Valckenborch
Interior of the Laurenskerk in Rotterdam, c. 1664
The 17th-century Canals of Amsterdam were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2010, contributing to Amsterdam's fame as the "Venice of the North". Along with De Wallen, the canals are the focal-point for tourists in the city.
The German bombardment of Antwerp, October 1914, by Willy Stöwer
Astronomer, by Gerrit Dou, c. 1650
Satellite picture of Amsterdam and North Sea Canal
Districts of Antwerp
Portrait of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek by Jan Verkolje.
Topographic map of Amsterdam
Het Steen (literally: 'The Stone')
Osias Beert the Elder, Dishes with Oysters, Fruit, Candy and Wine, c. 1620/1625
Large-scale map of the city centre of Amsterdam, including sightseeing markers,.
Population timeline of Antwerp
Johannes Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring
Nieuwendammerdijk en Buiksloterdijk, Amsterdam-Noord, winter 2010
Hollandse Synagogue
The Kaaswaag (Cheese Weigh House) in Gouda, finished in 1667, was designed by architect Pieter Post (1608–1669), as was the Waag in Leiden.
The Westerkerk in the Centrum borough, one of Amsterdam's best-known churches
Jain temple, Antwerp
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terminal at the Port of Antwerp
A 1538 painting by Cornelis Anthonisz showing a bird's-eye view of Amsterdam. The famous Grachtengordel had not yet been established.
Antwerp Central Station
Rokin – November 1977
Antwerp International Airport
Herengracht
One of the many Marian statues which feature on Antwerp street corners
Prinsengracht
Official poster of the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp
The Egelantiersgracht lies west of the Grachtengordel, in the Jordaan neighbourhood.
Main building of the Middelheim campus at the University of Antwerp.
The Scheepvaarthuis, by architects Johan van der Mey, Michel de Klerk, Piet Kramer is characteristic of the architecture of the Amsterdam School.
Abraham Ortelius
The Begijnhof is one of the oldest hofjes in Amsterdam.
Rodrigo Calderón
The Openbare Bibliotheek Amsterdam and Conservatorium van Amsterdam, two examples of 21st-century architecture in the centre of the city
Anthony van Dyck, self portrait
The Amsterdam Stock Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in the world
Nicolaes Maes, self-portrait
The Zuidas, the city's main business district
Hendrik Conscience
Boats give tours of the city, such as this one in front of the EYE Film Institute Netherlands.
André Cluytens, 1965
Spiegelgracht
Tia Hellebaut, 2012
De Wallen, Amsterdam's Red-light district, offers activities such as legal prostitution and a number of coffee shops that sell cannabis. It is one of the main tourist attractions.
Damião de Góis
An Amsterdammer waits for a traffic light to change at the Muntplein in the heart of Amsterdam.
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
The Rijksmuseum houses Rembrandt's The Night Watch.
Wenceslas Hollar
The Van Gogh Museum houses the world's largest collection of Van Gogh's paintings and letters.
Vincent van Gogh
The Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam is an international museum dedicated to modern and contemporary art and design.
Camille Huysmans, 1966
Rembrandt monument on Rembrandtplein
Coldplay performing at the Amsterdam Arena, 2016
The Concertgebouw or Royal Concert Hall houses performances of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra and other musical events.
Stadsschouwburg, Amsterdam's best-known theatre
One of the decorated boats participating in the 2013 Canal Parade of the Amsterdam Gay Pride
AFC Ajax player Johan Cruyff, 1967
Femke Halsema has been the Mayor of Amsterdam since 2018.
Boroughs of Amsterdam
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Police headquarters of Amsterdam
King Willem-Alexander, Princess Beatrix, and Queen Máxima greeting Amsterdammers from the Royal Palace of Amsterdam during Willem-Alexanders inauguration in 2013
A tram crossing the Keizersgracht
The Amsterdam Metro is a mixed subway and above ground rapid transit system consisting of five lines.
Amsterdam Centraal station, the city's main train station
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol ranks as Europe's third-busiest airport for passenger traffic.
Police bicyclist crossing a bridge over the Prinsengracht
Bicyclist at Amsterdam
The Agnietenkapel Gate at the University of Amsterdam, founded in 1632 as the Athenaeum Illustre

Originating as a small fishing village in the late 12th century, Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century, and became the leading centre for the finance and trade sectors.

- Amsterdam

Before the Low Countries could be completely reconquered, a war between England and Spain, the Anglo-Spanish War of 1585-1604, broke out, forcing Spanish troops to halt their advances and leaving them in control of the important trading cities of Bruges and Ghent, but without control of Antwerp, which was then arguably the most important port in the world.

- Dutch Golden Age

Many of those moving north settled in Amsterdam, transforming what was a small harbor into one of the most important ports and commercial centres in the world by 1630.

- Dutch Golden Age

Amsterdam replaced Antwerp as the major trading center for the region.

- Antwerp

Most went to the United Provinces in the north, starting the Dutch Golden Age.

- Antwerp

In 1920, Amsterdam assisted in hosting some of the sailing events for the Summer Olympics held in neighbouring Antwerp, Belgium by hosting events at Buiten IJ.

- Amsterdam
Rembrandt The Night Watch (1642)

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Overall

Netherlands

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Country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

Country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

The name of the historic County of Holland is currently used as a pars pro toto for the Netherlands.
Oak figurine found in Willemstad (4500 BC)
The Rhine frontier around 70 AD
Franks, Frisians and Saxons (710s AD) with Traiecturm and Dorestad in the middle
Frankish expansion (481 to 870 AD)
Rorik of Dorestad, Viking ruler of Friesland (romantic 1912 depiction)
A Medieval Tombe of the Brabantian knight Arnold van der Sluijs
Map of the Habsburg dominions. From 1556 the dynasty's lands in the Low Countries were retained by the Spanish Habsburgs.
The Spanish Fury at Maastricht, 1579
Dutch East India Company factory in Hugli-Chuchura, Mughal Bengal by Hendrik van Schuylenburgh, 1665
Winter landscape with skaters near the city of Kampen by Hendrick Avercamp (1620s)
Amsterdam's Dam Square in 1656
Map of the Dutch colonial empire. Light green: territories administered by or originating from territories administered by the Dutch East India Company; dark green: the Dutch West India Company. In yellow are the territories occupied later, during the 19th century.
The submission of Diponegoro to General De Kock at the end of the Java War in 1830. Painting by Nicolaas Pieneman
Rotterdam after German air raids in 1940
Former Prime Ministers Wim Kok, Dries van Agt, Piet de Jong, Ruud Lubbers and Jan Peter Balkenende with Prime Minister Mark Rutte, in 2011
Relief map of the European Netherlands
The Christmas flood of 1717 was the result of a northwesterly storm that resulted in the death of thousands.
Map illustrating areas of the Netherlands below sea level
A polder at 5.53 metres below sea level
The Delta Works are located in the provinces of South Holland and Zeeland.
Common seals on Terschelling, a Wadden Sea island
Underwater life of Klein Bonaire
The Binnenhof, where the lower and upper houses of the States General meet
De Wallen, Amsterdam's red-light district, offers activities such as legal prostitution and a number of coffeeshops that sell marijuana, symbolising the Dutch political culture and tradition of tolerance.
The Netherlands has a culture of respectful and friendly debate. From left to right, members of the House of Representatives Sander de Rouwe (CDA), Ineke van Gent (GL), Han ten Broeke (VVD), Kees Verhoeven (D66) and Farshad Bashir (SP), 2010
Provinces and territories of the Netherlands
The Peace Palace (Vredespaleis), in The Hague
General Onno Eichelsheim is the current Chief of Defence.
Zr. Ms. Holland, a Royal Netherlands Navy offshore patrol vessel
Historical GDP per capita development (Our World in Data)
A proportional representation of Netherlands exports, 2019
The Netherlands is part of a monetary union, the Eurozone (dark blue), and the EU single market.
Natural gas concessions in the Netherlands. Today the Netherlands accounts for more than 25% of all natural gas reserves in the EU.
The Groningen gas field whose discovery in 1959 transformed the Dutch economy, generating €159 billion in revenue since the mid-1970s.
Cows near the city of Arnhem
Population of the Netherlands from 1900 to 2000
Population pyramid of the Netherlands in 2017
In Rotterdam almost half the population has an immigrant background.
Population density in the Netherlands by municipality. The largest urban area, the Randstad is clearly visible along the west coast.
Knowledge of foreign languages in the Netherlands, in per cent of the population over the age of 15, in 2006
An international primary school in The Hague
View on the Utrecht Science Park of Utrecht University. The building in the centre is the library.
Portrait of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), known as "the father of microbiology"
A public hospital in Amersfoort
A1 motorway, in Gelderland
A regional train operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS)
Bike passage at Rotterdam Centraal station
Some symbols and icons of Dutch culture
Carnival in North Brabant and Limburg
Dutch people in orange celebrating King's Day in Amsterdam, 2017
Pop singer Anouk in 2013
Johan Cruyff Arena, the largest Dutch concert venue
Dutch star football players Arjen Robben and Robin van Persie during a game with the Netherlands against Denmark at Euro 2012
New Amsterdam as it appeared in 1664. Under British rule it became known as New York.
Eustachius De Lannoy of the Dutch East India Company surrenders to Maharaja Marthanda Varma of the Indian Kingdom of Travancore after the Battle of Colachel. (Depiction at Padmanabhapuram Palace)
A Dutch doctor vaccinating Indonesian patients

The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht.

In the Republican period, which began in 1588, the Netherlands entered a unique era of political, economic, and cultural greatness, ranked among the most powerful and influential in Europe and the world; this period is known as the Dutch Golden Age.

In practice, this meant that Bruges and Antwerp became quasi-independent republics in their own right and would later develop into some of the most important cities and ports in Europe.

Dutch Finis Belli, a fortified ship meant to break the Spanish blockade.

Fall of Antwerp

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The Fall of Antwerp on 17 August 1585 took place during the Eighty Years' War, after a siege lasting over a year from July 1584 until August 1585.

The Fall of Antwerp on 17 August 1585 took place during the Eighty Years' War, after a siege lasting over a year from July 1584 until August 1585.

Dutch Finis Belli, a fortified ship meant to break the Spanish blockade.
Parma nearly died during the attack on his pontoon bridge in 1585. Famiano Strada: Histoire de la guerre des Païs-Bas, 1727.
Defeat of the rebels on the Kouwensteinsedijk near the pontoon bridge, 26 May 1585. Lamberecht Causé in Famiano Strada Histoire de la guerre des Païs Bas, 1727.

The city of Antwerp was the focal point of the Protestant-dominated Dutch Revolt, but was forced to surrender to the Spanish forces.

Many migrated north, especially to Amsterdam, which became the capital of the Dutch Republic.

Many of Antwerp's skilled tradesmen were included in the Protestant migration to the north, laying the commercial foundation for the subsequent "Dutch Golden Age" of the northern United Provinces.