Amsterdam and Related Topics

Netherlands

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Country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

The name of the historic County of Holland is currently used as a pars pro toto for the Netherlands.

Oak figurine found in Willemstad (4500 BC)

Franks, Frisians and Saxons (710s AD) with Traiecturm and Dorestad in the middle

Rorik of Dorestad, Viking ruler of Friesland (romantic 1912 depiction)

A Medieval Tombe of the Brabantian knight Arnold van der Sluijs

Map of the Habsburg dominions. From 1556 the dynasty's lands in the Low Countries were retained by the Spanish Habsburgs.

Dutch East India Company factory in Hugli-Chuchura, Mughal Bengal by Hendrik van Schuylenburgh, 1665

Winter landscape with skaters near the city of Kampen by Hendrick Avercamp (1620s)

Map of the Dutch colonial empire. Light green: territories administered by or originating from territories administered by the Dutch East India Company; dark green: the Dutch West India Company. In yellow are the territories occupied later, during the 19th century.

The submission of Diponegoro to General De Kock at the end of the Java War in 1830. Painting by Nicolaas Pieneman

Rotterdam after German air raids in 1940

Former Prime Ministers Wim Kok, Dries van Agt, Piet de Jong, Ruud Lubbers and Jan Peter Balkenende with Prime Minister Mark Rutte, in 2011

The Christmas flood of 1717 was the result of a northwesterly storm that resulted in the death of thousands.

Map illustrating areas of the Netherlands below sea level

The Delta Works are located in the provinces of South Holland and Zeeland.

Common seals on Terschelling, a Wadden Sea island

The Binnenhof, where the lower and upper houses of the States General meet

De Wallen, Amsterdam's red-light district, offers activities such as legal prostitution and a number of coffeeshops that sell marijuana, symbolising the Dutch political culture and tradition of tolerance.

The Netherlands has a culture of respectful and friendly debate. From left to right, members of the House of Representatives Sander de Rouwe (CDA), Ineke van Gent (GL), Han ten Broeke (VVD), Kees Verhoeven (D66) and Farshad Bashir (SP), 2010

Provinces and territories of the Netherlands

The Peace Palace (Vredespaleis), in The Hague

General Onno Eichelsheim is the current Chief of Defence.

Zr. Ms. Holland, a Royal Netherlands Navy offshore patrol vessel

Historical GDP per capita development (Our World in Data)

A proportional representation of Netherlands exports, 2019

The Netherlands is part of a monetary union, the Eurozone (dark blue), and the EU single market.

Natural gas concessions in the Netherlands. Today the Netherlands accounts for more than 25% of all natural gas reserves in the EU.

The Groningen gas field whose discovery in 1959 transformed the Dutch economy, generating €159 billion in revenue since the mid-1970s.

Population of the Netherlands from 1900 to 2000

Population pyramid of the Netherlands in 2017

In Rotterdam almost half the population has an immigrant background.

Population density in the Netherlands by municipality. The largest urban area, the Randstad is clearly visible along the west coast.

Knowledge of foreign languages in the Netherlands, in per cent of the population over the age of 15, in 2006

An international primary school in The Hague

View on the Utrecht Science Park of Utrecht University. The building in the centre is the library.

Portrait of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), known as "the father of microbiology"

A regional train operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS)

Bike passage at Rotterdam Centraal station

Dutch people in orange celebrating King's Day in Amsterdam, 2017

Johan Cruyff Arena, the largest Dutch concert venue

Dutch star football players Arjen Robben and Robin van Persie during a game with the Netherlands against Denmark at Euro 2012

New Amsterdam as it appeared in 1664. Under British rule it became known as New York.

Eustachius De Lannoy of the Dutch East India Company surrenders to Maharaja Marthanda Varma of the Indian Kingdom of Travancore after the Battle of Colachel. (Depiction at Padmanabhapuram Palace)

A Dutch doctor vaccinating Indonesian patients

The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht.

North Holland

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Province of the Netherlands in the northwestern part of the country.

Government house of North Holland province, Villa Welgelegen, in Haarlem

Satellite image of the North Holland, Friesland and Flevoland

Satellite image of the south of North Holland

A Highland in Zuid-Kennemerland National Park

161,265). The province's largest city and also the largest city in the Netherlands is the Dutch capital Amsterdam, with a population of 862,965 as of November 2019.

Amsterdam Metro

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Wall decorations remembering the demolition in the Nieuwmarkt neighbourhood and protests against it

Route network of the Amsterdam Metro with years of opening

Waterlooplein station, opened in 1980, seen before its 2010s renovation.

Route 51 lightrail vehicle at Zuid Station, where it changed from third rail to overhead wire power supply.

Platforms of the North–South Line at Amsterdam Centraal

Ticket barriers for the OV-chipkaart at Venserpolder metro station

1974 original design at Diemen Zuid station, featuring M.O.L. typeface

2009 style sign at Bijlmer ArenA station

2016 style sign at Amsterdam Centraal station

The Amsterdam Metro (Amsterdamse metro) is a rapid transit system serving Amsterdam, Netherlands, and extending to the surrounding municipalities of Diemen and Ouder-Amstel.

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

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Main international airport of the Netherlands.

A Ford being used to power a winch for towing gliders at Schiphol in 1933

The air traffic control tower at Schiphol in 1960

Airplanes and service vehicles on the apron in 1965

The main entry of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.

Check-in hall interior at the Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.

KLM Cargo Boeing 747-400ERF on the Taxiway Bridge crossing the Highway A4 E19.

All the airport's 6 runways viewed from an aeroplane taking off at dawn.

The Convair Building, which houses KLM Cityhopper and KLM offices, and the original Schiphol control tower

The construction of the tunnel and railway station in 1992

The crash site of El Al Flight 1862 in 1992

The crash site of Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 on 25 February 2009

Queues to the security control in June 2022

It is located 9 km southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer in the province of North Holland.

Period in the history of the Netherlands, roughly spanning the era from 1588 (the birth of the Dutch Republic) to 1672 (the Rampjaar, "Disaster Year"), in which Dutch trade, science, and art and the Dutch military were among the most acclaimed in Europe.

Fishing for Souls, allegory of the Protestant-Catholic struggle

A river landscape with fishermen in rowing boats, windmills beyond, 1679

Syndics of the Drapers' Guild by Rembrandt, depicting wealthy Amsterdam burghers.

The Dutch had the largest merchant fleet in Europe in the 17th century

The Trip brothers, arms traders, built the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam, currently the seat of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, which is a typical example of 17th-century architecture.

A family portrait, second half of the 17th century

Interior of the Laurenskerk in Rotterdam, c. 1664

Portrait of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek by Jan Verkolje.

Osias Beert the Elder, Dishes with Oysters, Fruit, Candy and Wine, c. 1620/1625

Johannes Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring

The Kaaswaag (Cheese Weigh House) in Gouda, finished in 1667, was designed by architect Pieter Post (1608–1669), as was the Waag in Leiden.

Many of those moving north settled in Amsterdam, transforming what was a small harbor into one of the most important ports and commercial centres in the world by 1630.

Amstel

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River in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands.

Amstel near Nes aan de Amstel, between Uithoorn and Amstelveen

Amstel near the Rembrandt Tower in Amsterdam

17th-century drawing of the river Amstel by Rembrandt

It flows from the Aarkanaal and Drecht in Nieuwveen northwards, passing Uithoorn, Amstelveen, and Ouderkerk aan de Amstel, to the IJ in Amsterdam.

Amstelveen

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Municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands with a population of 89,918 It is a suburban part of the Amsterdam metropolitan area.

Topographic map of Amstelveen, September 2014

Line 25 tram leaving the Amstelveen Poortwachter stop

Jan Cornelis Hofman, self portrait, 1929

The name Amstelveen comes from the Amstel, a local river (as does the name Amsterdam) and veen, meaning fen, peat, or moor.

Utrecht

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Fourth-largest city and a municipality of the Netherlands, capital and most populous city of the province of Utrecht.

The Dom Tower seen from Downtown Utrecht. The remaining section of the Cathedral of Saint Martin is not connected to the tower since the collapse of the nave in 1674 due to a storm.

Lambert de Hondt (II): The Surrender of Utrecht on 30 June 1672 to the French king Louis XIV, 1672, Centraal Museum Utrecht

People celebrating the liberation of Utrecht at the end of World War II on 7 May 1945

Oudegracht (the 'old canal') in central Utrecht

View of the Oudegracht from the Dom Tower

Aerial view of Utrecht from the Dom Tower

View on the Science Park campus of Utrecht University. The building in the centre is the library.

Miffy statue at the Nijntjepleintje in Utrecht

Prins Clausbrug across the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal

team pauses with their coach by the Muntbrug, a rotating bridge built in 1887.

It was the most important city in the Netherlands until the Dutch Golden Age, when it was surpassed by Amsterdam as the country's cultural centre and most populous city.

Self-Portrait with Beret and Turned-Up Collar (1659), National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

Rembrandt

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Dutch Golden Age painter, printmaker and draughtsman.

The Prodigal Son in the Brothel, a self-portrait with Saskia, c. 1635

Portrait of Saskia van Uylenburgh, c. 1635

Rembrandt Memorial Marker Westerkerk Amsterdam

Rembrandt's only known seascape, The Storm on the Sea of Galilee, 1633. The painting is still missing after the robbery from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in 1990.

The Abduction of Europa, 1632. Oil on panel. The work has been described as "...a shining example of the 'golden age' of Baroque painting".

A typical portrait from 1634, when Rembrandt was enjoying great commercial success

Self Portrait, 1658, Frick Collection, a masterpiece of the final style, "the calmest and grandest of all his portraits"

The Hundred Guilder Print, c. 1647–49, etching, drypoint and burin on Japan paper, National Museum of Western Art.

Rembrandt drawing of an Indian Mughal painting

Role-playing in self-portrait as an oriental potentate with a kris/keris, a Javanese blade weapon from the VOC era (etching, c. 1634)

The Night Watch or The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642. Oil on canvas; on display at the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

The Polish Rider – Possibly a Lisowczyk on horseback

The Man with the Golden Helmet, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin, once one of the most famous "Rembrandt" portraits, is no longer attributed to the master.

Slaughtered Ox (1655), Musée du Louvre, Paris

Rembrandt statue and the sculptures of The Night Watch in 3D at the Rembrandtplein in Amsterdam

In 1775, a 25-year-old Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote in a letter that "I live wholly with Rembrandt" ("...ich zeichne, künstle p. Und lebe ganz mit Rembrandt."). At the age of 81 (1831), Goethe wrote the essay "Rembrandt der Denker" ("Rembrandt the Thinker"), published in the posthumous collection of his works.

The Jewish Bride, c. 1665–9, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. In Vincent van Gogh's own words (1885), "I should be happy to give 10 years of my life if I could go on sitting here in front of this picture [The Jewish Bride] fortnight, with only a crust of dry bread for food." In a letter to his brother Theo, Vincent wrote, "What an intimate, what an infinitely sympathetic picture it is,"

Rembrandt Laughing, 1628, J. Paul Getty Museum

The Girl in a Picture Frame, 1641, Royal Castle, Warsaw

The evangelist Matthew and the Angel, 1661

Moving Rembrandt's The Night Watch for the 1898 Rembrandt Exhibition

A young Rembrandt, c. 1628, when he was 22. Partly an exercise in chiaroscuro. Rijksmuseum

Self-Portrait in a Gorget, c. 1629; Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg

Self-portrait, 1630, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Self-Portrait with Velvet Beret and Furred Mantle 1634

Self-portrait at the age of 34, 1640, National Gallery, London

Self-Portrait, oil on canvas, 1652. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Self-portrait, Vienna c. 1655, oil on walnut, cut down in size. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Self Portrait as Zeuxis, c. 1662. One of 2 painted self-portraits in which Rembrandt is turned to the left.<ref name="W1">White, 200</ref> Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne

Self-Portrait with Two Circles, c.1665–1669. Kenwood House, London

Self-portrait at the age of 63, dated 1669, the year he died. National Gallery, London

The Stoning of Saint Stephen, 1625, The first painting by Rembrandt, painted at the age of 19.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Starcky |first=Emmanuel |title=Rembrandt |publisher=Hazan |year=1990 |isbn=978-2-85025-212-9 |page=45}}</ref> It is currently kept in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon.

Artist in His Studio, 1628, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Bust of an old man with a fur hat, the artist's father, 1630

Jeremiah Lamenting the Destruction of Jerusalem, c. 1630

Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, 1632

Portrait of Aeltje Uylenburgh, 1632, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Portrait of Saskia van Uylenburgh, c. 1633–1634

The Blinding of Samson, 1636, which Rembrandt gave to Huyghens

The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family, 1637, Louvre

The Landscape with Good Samaritan, 1638, Czartoryski Museum, Kraków

Scholar at his Writing Table, 1641, Royal Castle, Warsaw

Aristotle with a Bust of Homer, 1653, Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York

Young Girl at the Window, 1654, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Portrait of Jan Six, a wealthy friend of Rembrandt, 1654

Bathsheba at Her Bath, modelled by Hendrickje, 1654

A Woman Bathing in a Stream, modelled by Hendrickje, 1654

Ahasuerus and Haman at the Feast of Esther, 1660

Saint Bartholomew, 1661, J. Paul Getty Museum

The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis (cut-down), 1661–62

Lucretia, 1666 (Minneapolis Institute of Art)

The Return of the Prodigal Son, detail, c. 1669 - Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

Self-portrait, c. 1628–29, pen and brush and ink on paper

Self-portrait in a cap, with eyes wide open, 1630, etching and burin

Seated Old Man (c.1630), red and black chalk on paper, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

Suzannah and the Elders, 1634, drawing in Sanguine on paper, Kupferstichkabinett Berlin

Self-portrait with Saskia, 1636, etching, Rijksmuseum

An elephant, 1637, drawing in black chalk on paper, Albertina, Austria

Self-portrait leaning on a Sill, 1639, etching, National Gallery of Art

Christ and the woman taken in adultery, c. 1639–41, drawing in ink, Louvre

Beggars I., c. 1640–42, ink on paper, Warsaw University Library

The Diemerdijk at Houtewael (near Amsterdam), 1648–49, pen and brown ink, brown wash, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen

The Three Crosses, 1653, drypoint etching, state III of V, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Virgin and Child with a Cat, 1654, original copper etching plate above (the original copper plate), in Victoria and Albert Museum, example of the print below

Christ presented to the People, drypoint etching, 1655, state I of VIII, Rijksmuseum

Two Old Men in Conversation /Two Jews in Discussion, Walking, year unknown, black chalk and brown ink on paper, Teylers Museum

A a child being taught to walk (c. 1635). David Hockney said: "I think it's the greatest drawing ever done... It's a magnificent drawing, magnificent."<ref name="Hockney2014">{{Cite web |last=Lewis, Tim |date=16 November 2014 |title=David Hockney: 'When I'm working, I feel like Picasso, I feel I'm 30' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/nov/16/david-hockney-interview-i-feel-like-picasso |access-date=16 June 2020 |website=The Guardian |quote=David Hockney (2014): "There's a drawing by Rembrandt, I think it's the greatest drawing ever done. It's in the British Museum and it's of a family teaching a child to walk, so it's a universal thing, everybody has experienced this or seen it happen. Everybody. I used to print out Rembrandt drawings big and give them to people and say: 'If you find a better drawing send it to me. But if you find a better one it will be by Goya or Michelangelo perhaps.' But I don't think there is one actually. It's a magnificent drawing, magnificent." |archive-date=16 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516011950/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/nov/16/david-hockney-interview-i-feel-like-picasso |url-status=live }}</ref>

A young woman sleeping (c. 1654). Shows Rembrandt's calligraphic-style draughtsmanship.

A depiction of a biblical scene was informed by Rembrandt's knowledge of the specific text, his assimilation of classical composition, and his observations of Amsterdam's Jewish population.