A report on Anime, Limited animation and Animation

A frame from Namakura Gatana (1917), the oldest surviving Japanese animated short film made for cinemas

A GIF-based example of limited animation in the Japanese style: the mouth, eyes, arms and shadow are moving in a looping manner.

Nr. 10 in the reworked second series of Stampfer's stroboscopic discs published by Trentsensky & Vieweg in 1833.

Frame from the opening sequence of Tezuka's 1963 TV series Astro Boy

A projecting praxinoscope, from 1882, here shown superimposing an animated figure on a separately projected background scene

Anime artists employ many distinct visual styles. Clockwise from the top left: Dead Leaves, FLAG, Serial Experiments Lain, M⊙NS†ER, Mind Game, Lucky☆Star, Cat Soup, and Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann.

Same character portrayed in different anime styles.

Italian-Argentine cartoonist Quirino Cristiani showing the cut and articulated figure of his satirical character El Peludo (based on President Yrigoyen) patented in 1916 for the realization of his films, including the world's first animated feature film El Apóstol.

Akihabara district of Tokyo is popular with anime and manga fans as well as otaku subculture in Japan

An example of traditional animation, a horse animated by rotoscoping from Eadweard Muybridge's 19th-century photos.

Cosplay of Madoka Kaname and Kyubey from Puella Magi Madoka Magica during Tracon 2013 event at the Tampere Hall in Tampere, Finland.

A clay animation scene from a Finnish television commercial

Anime character design is diverse, but often incorporates common elements depending on the target demographic and era. These are representative samples. Clockwise from the top left: Ashita no Joe (1970), Macross: Do You Remember Love? (1984), Ghost in the Shell (1995), K-On! (2009), Your Name (2016), The Hidden Dungeon Only I Can Enter (2021), Fruits Basket (2001), and Rurouni Kenshin (1996).

A 2D animation of two circles joined by a chain

World of Color hydrotechnics at Disney California Adventure creates the illusion of motion using 1,200 fountains with high-definition projections on mist screens.

Anime (アニメ) is a Japanese term for animation.

- Anime

Limited animation is a process in the overall technique of traditional animation of creating animations that does not redraw entire frames but variably reuses common parts between frames.

- Limited animation

Limited animation proved to be particularly popular in Japan, such that the Japanese word for animation, anime, entered the English lexicon as a loanword for the distinctive style of Japanese animation that took root there.

- Limited animation

Originally intended as temporary measures to allow him to produce material on a tight schedule with an inexperienced staff, many of his limited animation practices came to define the medium's style.

- Anime

China, Czechoslovakia / Czech Republic, Italy, France, and Belgium were other countries that more than occasionally released feature films, while Japan became a true powerhouse of animation production, with its own recognizable and influential anime style of effective limited animation.

- Animation

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Painting with acrylic paint on the reverse side of an already inked cel, here placed on the original animation drawing

Traditional animation

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Sketch of an animation peg bar, and measurements of three types, Acme being the most common.

A camera used for shooting traditional animation. See also Aerial image.

This image shows how two transparent cels, each with a different character drawn on them, and an opaque background are photographed together to form the composite image.

A horse animated by rotoscoping from Eadweard Muybridge's 19th-century photos. The animation consists of 8 drawings which are "looped", i.e. repeated over and over. This example is also "shot on twos", i.e. shown at 12 drawings per second.

Traditional animation (or classical animation, cel animation, hand-drawn animation, or 2D animation) is an animation technique in which each frame is drawn by hand.

This is known as limited animation. The process was popularized in theatrical cartoons by United Productions of America and used in most television animation, especially that of Hanna-Barbera.

It is also common in anime, where fluidity is sacrificed in lieu of a shift towards complexity in the designs and shading (in contrast with the more functional and optimized designs in the Western tradition); even high-budget theatrical features such as Studio Ghibli's employ the full range: from smooth animation "on ones" in selected shots (usually quick action accents) to common animation "on threes" for regular dialogue and slow-paced shots.