A report on Animation, Traditional animation and Computer animation

Nr. 10 in the reworked second series of Stampfer's stroboscopic discs published by Trentsensky & Vieweg in 1833.

Painting with acrylic paint on the reverse side of an already inked cel, here placed on the original animation drawing

An example of computer animation which is produced from the "motion capture" technique

A projecting praxinoscope, from 1882, here shown superimposing an animated figure on a separately projected background scene

Sketch of an animation peg bar, and measurements of three types, Acme being the most common.

3D game character animated using skeletal animation.

A camera used for shooting traditional animation. See also Aerial image.

In this .gif of a 2D Flash animation, each 'stick' of the figure is keyframed over time to create motion.

Italian-Argentine cartoonist Quirino Cristiani showing the cut and articulated figure of his satirical character El Peludo (based on President Yrigoyen) patented in 1916 for the realization of his films, including the world's first animated feature film El Apóstol.

This image shows how two transparent cels, each with a different character drawn on them, and an opaque background are photographed together to form the composite image.

A ray-traced 3-D model of a jack inside a cube, and the jack alone below.

An example of traditional animation, a horse animated by rotoscoping from Eadweard Muybridge's 19th-century photos.

A horse animated by rotoscoping from Eadweard Muybridge's 19th-century photos. The animation consists of 8 drawings which are "looped", i.e. repeated over and over. This example is also "shot on twos", i.e. shown at 12 drawings per second.

A clay animation scene from a Finnish television commercial

A 2D animation of two circles joined by a chain

World of Color hydrotechnics at Disney California Adventure creates the illusion of motion using 1,200 fountains with high-definition projections on mist screens.

Traditional animation (or classical animation, cel animation, hand-drawn animation, or 2D animation) is an animation technique in which each frame is drawn by hand.

- Traditional animation

In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film.

- Animation

The technique was the dominant form of animation in cinema until computer animation.

- Traditional animation

The more general term computer-generated imagery (CGI) encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation only refers to moving images.

- Computer animation

Computer animation can be very detailed 3D animation, while 2D computer animation (which may have the look of traditional animation) can be used for stylistic reasons, low bandwidth, or faster real-time renderings.

- Animation

Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to stop motion techniques, but using 3D models, and traditional animation techniques using frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations.

- Computer animation

3 related topics with Alpha

A frame from Namakura Gatana (1917), the oldest surviving Japanese animated short film made for cinemas

Anime

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Frame from the opening sequence of Tezuka's 1963 TV series Astro Boy

Anime artists employ many distinct visual styles. Clockwise from the top left: Dead Leaves, FLAG, Serial Experiments Lain, M⊙NS†ER, Mind Game, Lucky☆Star, Cat Soup, and Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann.

Same character portrayed in different anime styles.

Akihabara district of Tokyo is popular with anime and manga fans as well as otaku subculture in Japan

Cosplay of Madoka Kaname and Kyubey from Puella Magi Madoka Magica during Tracon 2013 event at the Tampere Hall in Tampere, Finland.

Anime character design is diverse, but often incorporates common elements depending on the target demographic and era. These are representative samples. Clockwise from the top left: Ashita no Joe (1970), Macross: Do You Remember Love? (1984), Ghost in the Shell (1995), K-On! (2009), Your Name (2016), The Hidden Dungeon Only I Can Enter (2021), Fruits Basket (2001), and Rurouni Kenshin (1996).

Anime (アニメ) is a Japanese term for animation.

It suffered competition from foreign producers, such as Disney, and many animators, including Noburō Ōfuji and Yasuji Murata, continued to work with cheaper cutout animation rather than cel animation.

Since the 1990s, animators have increasingly used computer animation to improve the efficiency of the production process.

Pixar

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John Lasseter appears with characters from Up at the 2009 Venice Film Festival.

The Steve Jobs Building at the Pixar campus in Emeryville

Pixar Animation Studios, commonly known as just Pixar, is an American computer animation studio known for its critically and commercially successful computer animated feature films.

Some of Pixar's first animators were former cel animators including John Lasseter, and others came from computer animation or were fresh college graduates.

They are divided into eight sections, each demonstrating a step in the filmmaking process: Modeling, Rigging, Surfaces, Sets & Cameras, Animation, Simulation, Lighting, and Rendering.

Animator

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Stop-motion animated character from 20 Million Miles to Earth (1957).

An animator is an artist who creates multiple images, known as frames, which give an illusion of movement called animation when displayed in rapid sequence.

As a result of the ongoing transition from traditional 2D to 3D computer animation, the animator's traditional task of redrawing and repainting the same character 24 times a second (for each second of finished animation) has now been superseded by the modern task of developing dozens (or hundreds) of movements of different parts of a character in a virtual scene.