A report on Motion blur, Go motion and Animation

Earth's rotation causes motion blur in long-exposure photos of the night sky. This diurnal motion leaves star trails in exposures like this one taken at La Silla Observatory.

Nr. 10 in the reworked second series of Stampfer's stroboscopic discs published by Trentsensky & Vieweg in 1833.

An example of motion blur showing a London bus passing a telephone box in London

A projecting praxinoscope, from 1882, here shown superimposing an animated figure on a separately projected background scene

Two animations rotating around a figure, with motion blur (left) and without

Italian-Argentine cartoonist Quirino Cristiani showing the cut and articulated figure of his satirical character El Peludo (based on President Yrigoyen) patented in 1916 for the realization of his films, including the world's first animated feature film El Apóstol.

A taxicab starting to drive off blurred the girls' faces in the image.

An example of traditional animation, a horse animated by rotoscoping from Eadweard Muybridge's 19th-century photos.

Motion blur is frequently employed in sports photography (particularly motor sports) to convey a sense of speed. To achieve this effect it is necessary to use a slow shutter speed and pan the lens of the camera in time with the motion of the object

A clay animation scene from a Finnish television commercial

Taken aboard an airplane turning above San Jose at night. The city lights form concentric strips.

A 2D animation of two circles joined by a chain

The traffic on this street leaves brilliant streaks due to the low shutter speed of the camera and the cars' relatively fast speed.

World of Color hydrotechnics at Disney California Adventure creates the illusion of motion using 1,200 fountains with high-definition projections on mist screens.

Strickland Falls in Tasmania, Australia, taken using a neutral density filter. ND filters reduce light of all colors or wavelengths equally, allowing an increase in aperture and decrease in shutter speed without overexposing the image. To create the motion blur seen here, the shutter must be kept open for a relatively long time, making it necessary to reduce the amount of light coming through the lens.

Long exposure photograph of moths showing exaggerated rod effect.

Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

- Motion blur

Go motion is a variation of stop motion animation which incorporates motion blur into each frame involving motion.

- Go motion

Go motion is a variant of stop motion animation that moves the models during the exposure to create a less staggered effect.

- Motion blur

Go motion : A variant of model animation that uses various techniques to create motion blur between frames of film, which is not present in traditional stop motion. The technique was invented by Industrial Light & Magic and Phil Tippett to create special effect scenes for the film The Empire Strikes Back (1980). Another example is the dragon named "Vermithrax" from the 1981 film Dragonslayer.

- Animation

1 related topic with Alpha

Stop motion

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Julienne Mathieu in a stop motion/pixilation scene from Hôtel électrique (1908)

Stills from Battle of the Suds and other Helena Smith-Dayton films (1917)

Pat & Mat, two inventive but clumsy neighbors, was introduced in 1976, while the first made-for-TV episode Tapety (translated Wallpaper) was produced in 1979 for ČST Bratislava.

Stop motion is an animated filmmaking technique in which objects are physically manipulated in small increments between individually photographed frames so that they will appear to exhibit independent motion or change when the series of frames is played back.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Industrial Light & Magic often used stop-motion model animation in such films as the original Star Wars trilogy: the holochess sequence in Star Wars, the Tauntauns and AT-AT walkers in The Empire Strikes Back, and the AT-ST walkers in Return of the Jedi were all filmed using stop-motion animation, with the latter two films utilising go motion: an invention from renowned visual effects veteran Phil Tippett.

Go motion involved programming a computer to move parts of a model slightly during each exposure of each frame of film, combined with traditional hand manipulation of the model in between frames, to produce a more realistic motion blurring effect.