A report on Animation and Stop motion

Nr. 10 in the reworked second series of Stampfer's stroboscopic discs published by Trentsensky & Vieweg in 1833.
A clay model of a chicken, designed to be used in a clay stop motion animation
A projecting praxinoscope, from 1882, here shown superimposing an animated figure on a separately projected background scene
Julienne Mathieu in a stop motion/pixilation scene from Hôtel électrique (1908)
Fantasmagorie (1908) by Émile Cohl
Stills from Battle of the Suds and other Helena Smith-Dayton films (1917)
Italian-Argentine cartoonist Quirino Cristiani showing the cut and articulated figure of his satirical character El Peludo (based on President Yrigoyen) patented in 1916 for the realization of his films, including the world's first animated feature film El Apóstol.
Pat & Mat, two inventive but clumsy neighbors, was introduced in 1976, while the first made-for-TV episode Tapety (translated Wallpaper) was produced in 1979 for ČST Bratislava.
An example of traditional animation, a horse animated by rotoscoping from Eadweard Muybridge's 19th-century photos.
A clay animation scene from a Finnish television commercial
A 2D animation of two circles joined by a chain
World of Color hydrotechnics at Disney California Adventure creates the illusion of motion using 1,200 fountains with high-definition projections on mist screens.

Stop motion is an animated filmmaking technique in which objects are physically manipulated in small increments between individually photographed frames so that they will appear to exhibit independent motion or change when the series of frames is played back.

- Stop motion

Other common animation methods apply a stop motion technique to two- and three-dimensional objects like paper cutouts, puppets, or clay figures.

- Animation
Nr. 10 in the reworked second series of Stampfer's stroboscopic discs published by Trentsensky & Vieweg in 1833.

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Theatrical release poster

King Kong (1933 film)

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1933 American pre-Code adventure fantasy horror monster film directed and produced by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack.

1933 American pre-Code adventure fantasy horror monster film directed and produced by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack.

Theatrical release poster
Fay Wray – Studio Publicity Photo
Armstrong featured in the trailer for The Ex-Mrs. Bradford (1936)
Charles R. Knight's Tyrannosaurus in the American Museum of Natural History, on which the large theropod of the film was based
The stop-motion animated King Kong atop the Empire State Building and battling a Curtiss F8C Helldiver airplane
A gorilla at Jersey Zoo displaying prominent belly and buttocks. Kong modelers would streamline the armature's torso to minimize the comical and awkward aspects of the gorilla's physique.
An articulated skeleton of the Brontosaurus used in the film.
Promotional image featuring Kong battling the Tyrannosaurus.
Colored publicity shot combining live actors with stop motion animation.
King Kong views Ann on the limb of a tree
Grauman's Chinese Theatre, where King Kong held its world premiere

It features stop-motion animation by Willis O'Brien and a music score by Max Steiner.

Once the film was under way, Cooper turned his attention to the studio's big-budget-out-of-control fantasy, Creation, a project with stop motion animator Willis O'Brien about a group of travelers shipwrecked on an island of dinosaurs.

Harryhausen at the Jules Verne Festival in October 2006

Ray Harryhausen

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Harryhausen at the Jules Verne Festival in October 2006
The Ymir from 20 Million Miles to Earth (1957)
The Cyclops and Dragon battle sequence from The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958)
The Hydra battle sequence in Jason and the Argonauts (1963)
Models for the Allosaur in One Million Years B.C. (1966) and Talos from Jason and the Argonauts (1963) at the National Media Museum

Raymond Frederick Harryhausen (June 29, 1920 – May 7, 2013) was an American-British animator and special effects creator who created a form of stop motion model animation known as "Dynamation".

In the 2001 Disney/Pixar animated film Monsters, Inc. pays homage to Harryhausen in a scene where James P. "Sulley" Sullivan, Mike Wazowski, Boo, Celia Mae and other monsters visit a Japanese and sushi restaurant named Harryhausen's in Monstropolis.

A special effect of a miniature person from the 1952 film The Seven Deadly Sins

Special effect

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Special effects (often abbreviated as SFX, F/X or simply FX) are illusions or visual tricks used in the theatre, film, television, video game, amusement park and simulator industries to simulate the imagined events in a story or virtual world.

Special effects (often abbreviated as SFX, F/X or simply FX) are illusions or visual tricks used in the theatre, film, television, video game, amusement park and simulator industries to simulate the imagined events in a story or virtual world.

A special effect of a miniature person from the 1952 film The Seven Deadly Sins
Publicity still for the 1933 film King Kong, which used stop-motion model special effects
A period drama set in Vienna uses a green screen as a backdrop, to allow a background to be added during post-production.
Bluescreens are commonly used in chroma key special effects.
Spinning fiery steel wool at night
Rig & Gimbal Mechanical Special Effects
Demonstration of bullet hit squibs embedded in a waterproof down jacket as the dead-character costume bursting out fake blood and smoke.

His most famous film, Le Voyage dans la lune (1902), a whimsical parody of Jules Verne's From the Earth to the Moon, featured a combination of live action and animation, and also incorporated extensive miniature and matte painting work.

Stop motion

Ladislas Starevich

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Ladislas Starevich (Владисла́в Алекса́ндрович Старе́вич, Władysław Starewicz; August 8, 1882 – February 26, 1965) was a Polish-Russian stop-motion animator notable as the author of the first puppet-animated film The Beautiful Leukanida (1912).

Original French poster.

The Tale of the Fox

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Original French poster.

The Tale of the Fox (Le Roman de Renard, Van den vos Reynaerde, Reinecke Fuchs) was stop-motion animation pioneer Ladislas Starevich's first fully animated feature film.

Released eight months before Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, it is the world's sixth-ever animated feature film (and the third surviving animated film, as well as the second to use puppet animation, following The New Gulliver from the USSR).

Go motion

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Go motion is a variation of stop motion animation which incorporates motion blur into each frame involving motion.

Earth's rotation causes motion blur in long-exposure photos of the night sky. This diurnal motion leaves star trails in exposures like this one taken at La Silla Observatory.

Motion blur

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Earth's rotation causes motion blur in long-exposure photos of the night sky. This diurnal motion leaves star trails in exposures like this one taken at La Silla Observatory.
An example of motion blur showing a London bus passing a telephone box in London
1920s example of motion blur
Two animations rotating around a figure, with motion blur (left) and without
A taxicab starting to drive off blurred the girls' faces in the image.
Motion blur is frequently employed in sports photography (particularly motor sports) to convey a sense of speed. To achieve this effect it is necessary to use a slow shutter speed and pan the lens of the camera in time with the motion of the object
Taken aboard an airplane turning above San Jose at night. The city lights form concentric strips.
The traffic on this street leaves brilliant streaks due to the low shutter speed of the camera and the cars' relatively fast speed.
Strickland Falls in Tasmania, Australia, taken using a neutral density filter. ND filters reduce light of all colors or wavelengths equally, allowing an increase in aperture and decrease in shutter speed without overexposing the image. To create the motion blur seen here, the shutter must be kept open for a relatively long time, making it necessary to reduce the amount of light coming through the lens.
Long exposure photograph of moths showing exaggerated rod effect.

Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

Go motion is a variant of stop motion animation that moves the models during the exposure to create a less staggered effect.

Characters in the animated series From Ilich to Kuzmich

Clay animation

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Characters in the animated series From Ilich to Kuzmich
A clay animation scene from a Finnish TV advertisement
stills from Battle of the Suds and other Helena Smith-Dayton films (1917)

Clay animation or claymation, sometimes plasticine animation, is one of many forms of stop-motion animation.

Traditional animation, from cel animation to stop motion, is produced by recording each frame, or still picture, on film or digital media and then playing the recorded frames back in rapid succession before the viewer.

In Hôtel électrique (1908), Julienne Mathieu's hair appears to brush itself, one of the first uses of stop-motion animation in film.

Pixilation

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In Hôtel électrique (1908), Julienne Mathieu's hair appears to brush itself, one of the first uses of stop-motion animation in film.

Pixilation is a stop motion technique in which live actors are used as a frame-by-frame subject in an animated film, by repeatedly posing while one or more frame is taken and changing pose slightly before the next frame or frames.

Animated GIF of Prof. Stampfer's Stroboscopische Scheibe No. X (Trentsensky & Vieweg 1833)

Phenakistiscope

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Animated GIF of Prof. Stampfer's Stroboscopische Scheibe No. X (Trentsensky & Vieweg 1833)
A family viewing animations in a mirror through the slits of stroboscopic discs (detail of an illustration by E. Schule on the box label for Magic Disk - Disques Magiques, circa 1833)
A phenakistoscope (described in the display as a "Phantasmascope") with cards. On display in Bedford Museum, England.
Joseph Plateau's illustration in Corresp. Math. (1833)
A paper zoopraxiscope disc by Eadweard Muybridge (1893)
Re-animation from a paper zoopraxiscope disc
Animation of a Fantascope disc by Thomas Mann Baynes, 1833
La Cinémathèque française 1833
Library of Congress 1833
Library of Congress 1833
Library of Congress 1833
Library of Congress 1833
Library of Congress 1833
Library of Congress 1833
Cooper Hewitt 1833
Cooper Hewitt 1833
Cooper Hewitt 1833
Library of Congress 1833
Library of Congress 1833
Cooper Hewitt 1833
Library of Congress 1833
Library of Congress 1833
Library of Congress 1833
Library of Congress 1893
Library of Congress 1893
Library of Congress 1893
alt=|Library of Congress 1834

The phenakistiscope (also known by the spellings phénakisticope or phenakistoscope) was the first widespread animation device that created a fluent illusion of motion.

This disc was most likely the very first time a stop motion technique was successfully applied.