A report on Scholasticism and Anselm of Canterbury

14th-century image of a university lecture

A French plaque commemorating the supposed birthplace of Anselm in Aosta. (The identification may be spurious.)

Becca di Nona south of Aosta, the site of a supposed mystical vision during Anselm's childhood

A cross at Bec Abbey commemorating the connection between it and Canterbury. Lanfranc, Anselm, and Theobald were all priors at Bec before serving as primates over England.

A 19th-century portrayal of Anselm being dragged to the cathedral by the English bishops

The statue of Anselm on the southwest porch of Canterbury Cathedral, holding a copy of Cur Deus Homo in its right hand

Canterbury Cathedral following Ernulf and Conrad's expansions

"Anselm Assuming the Pallium in Canterbury Cathedral" from E. M. Wilmot-Buxton's 1915 Anselm

Romanelli's c. 1640 Meeting of Countess Matilda and Anselm of Canterbury in the Presence of Pope Urban II

The life of St Anselm told in 16 medallions in a stained-glass window in Quimper Cathedral, Brittany, in France

The Altar of St Anselm in his chapel at Canterbury Cathedral. It was constructed by English sculptor Stephen Cox from Aosta marble donated by its regional government and consecrated on 21 April 2006 at a ceremony including the Bishop of Aosta and the Abbot of Bec. The location of Anselm's relics, however, remains uncertain.

A late 16th-century engraving of Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury

The illuminated beginning of an 11th-century manuscript of the Monologion

A 12th-century illumination from the Meditations of St. Anselm

An illuminated archbishop—presumably Anselm—from a 12th-century edition of his Meditations

The beginning of the Cur Deus Homo’s prologue, from a 12th-century manuscript held at Lambeth Palace

The first page of a 12th-century manuscript of the De Concordia

A 12th-century illumination of Eadmer composing Anselm's biography

A 19th-century stained-glass window depicting Anselm as archbishop, with his pallium and crozier

Sant'Anselmo in Rome, the seat of the Abbot Primate of the Benedictine Confederation

Beginning at Bec, Anselm composed dialogues and treatises with a rational and philosophical approach, sometimes causing him to be credited as the founder of Scholasticism.

- Anselm of Canterbury

The Scholastics, also known as Schoolmen, included as its main figures Anselm of Canterbury ("the father of scholasticism" ), Peter Abelard, Alexander of Hales, Albertus Magnus, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Bonaventure, and Thomas Aquinas.

- Scholasticism

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Page from Apologia contra Bernardum, Abelard's reply to Bernard of Clairvaux

Peter Abelard

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Abelard Teaching by François Flameng, mural at the Sorbonne

"Abaelardus and Heloïse surprised by Master Fulbert", by Romanticist painter Jean Vignaud (1819)

Statue of Abelard at Louvre Palace in Paris by Jules Cavelier

Abelard receives the monastery of the Paraclete Héloïse (1129)

Dedicatory panel in the Père Lachaise Cemetery

Abelard and Héloïse in a manuscript of the Roman de la Rose (14th century)

Jean-Baptiste Goyet, Héloïse et Abailard, oil on copper, c. 1829.

Heloise and Abelard, Achille Devaria, 19th c. engraving

Abelard, Heloise, and medieval astrolabe portrayed in Michael Shenefelt's stage play, Heloise

Peter Abelard (Pierre Abélard; Petrus Abaelardus or Abailardus; c. 1079 – 21 April 1142) was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, leading logician, theologian, poet, composer and musician.

He first studied in the Loire area, where the nominalist Roscellinus of Compiègne, who had been accused of heresy by Anselm, was his teacher during this period.

Bonaventure

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Bonaventure's coat of arms of Cardinal Bishop of Albano

St. Bonaventure receives the envoys of the Byzantine Emperor at the Second Council of Lyon.

Bonaventure (Bonaventura ; Bonaventura de Balneoregio; 1221 – 15 July 1274), born Giovanni di Fidanza, was an Italian Catholic Franciscan, bishop, cardinal, scholastic theologian and philosopher.

He offers several arguments for the existence of God, including versions of Anselm of Canterbury's ontological argument and Augustine's argument from eternal truths.

Duns Scotus

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John Duns Scotus (c.

Plaque commemorating Duns Scotus in the University Church, Oxford

Colophon from the edition of Scotus's Sentences commentary edited by Thomas Penketh (died 1487) and Bartolomeo Bellati (died 1479), printed by Johannes de Colonia and Johannes Manthen, Venice in 1477. It reads Explicit Scriptum super Primum Sententiarum: editum a fratre Johanne Duns: ordinis fratrum minorum Printed versions of scholastic manuscripts became popular in the late fifteenth century.

Citing Anselm of Canterbury's principle, "potuit, decuit, ergo fecit" (He [i.e., God] could do it, it was appropriate, therefore He did it), Duns Scotus devised the following argument: Mary was in need of redemption like all other human beings, but through the merits of Jesus' crucifixion, given in advance, she was conceived without the stain of original sin.

For some today, Scotus is one of the most important Franciscan theologians and the founder of Scotism, a special form of Scholasticism.