A report on Episodic memory and Anterograde amnesia
For example, anterograde amnesia, from damage of the medial temporal lobe, is an impairment of declarative memory that affects both episodic and semantic memory operations.
- Episodic memoryFurthermore, the data do not explain the dichotomy that exists in the MTL memory system between episodic memory and semantic memory (described below).
- Anterograde amnesia7 related topics with Alpha
Long-term memory
5 linksStage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model in which informative knowledge is held indefinitely.
Stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model in which informative knowledge is held indefinitely.
Long-term memory is commonly labelled as explicit memory (declarative), as well as episodic memory, semantic memory, autobiographical memory, and implicit memory (procedural memory).
His subsequent total anterograde amnesia and partial retrograde amnesia provided the first evidence for the localization of memory function, and further clarified the differences between declarative and procedural memory.
Hippocampus
5 linksMajor component of the brain of humans and other vertebrates.
Major component of the brain of humans and other vertebrates.
People with extensive, bilateral hippocampal damage may experience anterograde amnesia: the inability to form and retain new memories.
Over the years, three main ideas of hippocampal function have dominated the literature: response inhibition, episodic memory, and spatial cognition.
Explicit memory
4 linksOne of the two main types of long-term human memory, the other of which is implicit memory.
One of the two main types of long-term human memory, the other of which is implicit memory.
Explicit memory can be divided into two categories: episodic memory, which stores specific personal experiences, and semantic memory, which stores factual information.
Guy Pearce plays an ex-insurance investigator suffering from severe anterograde amnesia caused by a head injury.
Temporal lobe
4 linksOne of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals.
One of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals.
Declarative (denotative) or explicit memory is conscious memory divided into semantic memory (facts) and episodic memory (events).
The medial temporal lobes include the hippocampi, which are essential for memory storage, therefore damage to this area can result in impairment in new memory formation leading to permanent or temporary anterograde amnesia.
Amnesia
3 linksDeficit in memory caused by brain damage or disease, but it can also be caused temporarily by the use of various sedatives and hypnotic drugs.
Deficit in memory caused by brain damage or disease, but it can also be caused temporarily by the use of various sedatives and hypnotic drugs.
There are two main types of amnesia: retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia.
Retrograde amnesia is inability to recall memories before onset of amnesia. One may be able to encode new memories after the incident. Retrograde is usually caused by head trauma or brain damage to parts of the brain besides the hippocampus. The hippocampus is responsible for encoding new memory. Episodic memory is more likely to be affected than semantic memory. The damage is usually caused by head trauma, cerebrovascular accident, stroke, tumor, hypoxia, encephalitis, or chronic alcoholism. People with retrograde amnesia are more likely to remember general knowledge rather than specifics. Recent memories are less likely to be recovered, but older memories will be easier to recall due to strengthening over time. Retrograde amnesia is usually temporary and can be treated by exposing them to memories from the loss. Another type of consolidation (process by which memories become stable in the brain) occurs over much longer periods of time/days, weeks, months and years and likely involves transfer of information from the hippocampus to more permanent storage site in the cortex. The operation of this longer-term consolidation process is seen in the retrograde amnesia of patients with hippocampal damage who can recall memories from childhood relatively normally, but are impaired when recalling experiences that occurred just a few years prior to the time they became amnesic. (Kirwan et al.,2008)In the case of LSJ, her case shows that retrograde amnesia can affect many different parts of knowledge. LSJ was not able to remember things from her child or adult life. She was not able to remember things that most people pick up in everyday life such as logos or the names of common songs.
Memory consolidation
3 linksCategory of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition.
Category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition.
Systematic studies of anterograde amnesia started to emerge in the 1960s and 1970s.
Multiple trace theory (MTT) builds on the distinction between semantic memory and episodic memory and addresses perceived shortcomings of the standard model with respect to the dependency of the hippocampus.
Neocortex
0 linksSet of layers of the mammalian cerebral cortex involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language.
Set of layers of the mammalian cerebral cortex involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language.
If damage is sustained to this area, patients do not develop anterograde amnesia and are able to recall episodic information.