A report on Antidepressant

The skeleton structure of the SNRI venlafaxine, a typical example of an antidepressant.
The skeleton structure of the SNRI venlafaxine, a typical example of an antidepressant.
Blister pack of Prozac (fluoxetine), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
The chemical structure of venlafaxine (Effexor), an SNRI
St John's wort
Structural formula of the SSRI sertraline

Antidepressants are medications used to treat major depressive disorder, some anxiety disorders, some chronic pain conditions, and to help manage some addictions.

- Antidepressant
The skeleton structure of the SNRI venlafaxine, a typical example of an antidepressant.

87 related topics with Alpha

Overall
Serotonin, the neurotransmitter that is involved in the mechanism of action of SSRIs.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

33 links

Serotonin, the neurotransmitter that is involved in the mechanism of action of SSRIs.
Neurotransmitter transporters inhibitors

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and other psychological conditions.

Sorrowing Old Man (At Eternity's Gate) by Vincent van Gogh (1890)

Major depressive disorder

20 links

Mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

Mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

Sorrowing Old Man (At Eternity's Gate) by Vincent van Gogh (1890)
An 1892 lithograph of a woman diagnosed with melancholia
A cup analogy demonstrating the diathesis–stress model that under the same amount of stressors, person 2 is more vulnerable than person 1, because of their predisposition.
Caricature of a man with depression
Physical exercise is one recommended way to manage mild depression.
Sertraline (Zoloft) is used primarily to treat major depression in adults.
Diagnoses of depression go back at least as far as Hippocrates.
The 16th American president, Abraham Lincoln, had "melancholy", a condition that now may be referred to as clinical depression.

Those with major depressive disorder are typically treated with psychotherapy and antidepressant medication.

Fluoxetine (top), (R)-fluoxetine (left), (S)-fluoxetine (right)

Fluoxetine

19 links

Fluoxetine (top), (R)-fluoxetine (left), (S)-fluoxetine (right)
Fluoxetine blister pack 20 mg capsules
Fluoxetine 10 mg tablets
The S enantiomer of norfluoxetine, fluoxetine's chief active metabolite.

Fluoxetine, sold under the brand names Prozac and Sarafem, among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.

Frequent and excessive hand washing occurs in some people with OCD.

Obsessive–compulsive disorder

14 links

Mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts and/or feels the need to perform certain routines repeatedly to the extent where it induces distress or impairs general function.

Mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts and/or feels the need to perform certain routines repeatedly to the extent where it induces distress or impairs general function.

Frequent and excessive hand washing occurs in some people with OCD.
People with OCD may face intrusive thoughts, such as thoughts about the devil (shown is a painted interpretation of Hell).
Skin-picking disorder
Some parts of the brain showing abnormal activity in OCD
One exposure and ritual prevention activity would be to check the lock only once and then leave.
A blister pack of clomipramine under the brand name Anafranil
This ribbon represents trichotillomania and other body-focused repetitive behaviors. Concept for the ribbon was started by Jenne Schrader. Colors were voted on by the Trichotillomania Facebook community, and made official by the Trichotillomania Learning Center in August 2013.
Age-standardized disability-adjusted life year estimated rates for obsessive-compulsive disorder per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004. no data <45 45–52.5 52.5–60 60–67.5 67.5–75 75–82.5 82.5–90 90–97.5 97.5–105 105–112.5 112.5–120 >120

Treatment for OCD may involve psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), pharmacotherapy such as antidepressants, or surgical procedures such as deep brain stimulation.

Sertraline

13 links

Desmethylsertraline, the major metabolite of sertaline.
Skeletal formulae of thiothixene, lometraline and tametraline, from which sertraline was derived. Commonalities to the structure of sertraline are highlighted in green.

Sertraline, sold under the brand name Zoloft among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.

Duloxetine, an example of an SNRI.

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

16 links

Duloxetine, an example of an SNRI.
Timeline of approved SNRIs.
Timeline of development of antidepressant agents.
Inhibiting the reuptake transport protein results in increased concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine in the synaptic clefts, leading to improvement of depression symptoms.
Aryloxypropanamine scaffold and agents containing it.
Cycloalkanol ethylamine scaffold and agents containing it.
Structure of milnacipran.

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant drugs used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), social phobia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), and menopausal symptoms.

Social anxiety disorder

13 links

Anxiety disorder characterized by sentiments of fear and anxiety in social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some aspects of daily life.

Anxiety disorder characterized by sentiments of fear and anxiety in social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some aspects of daily life.

Prescribed medications include several classes of antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

Chemical structure of the prototypical and first marketed tricyclic antidepressant imipramine. Notice its three rings.

Tricyclic antidepressant

15 links

Chemical structure of the prototypical and first marketed tricyclic antidepressant imipramine. Notice its three rings.
Chemical structure of the prototypical and first marketed tricyclic antidepressant imipramine. Notice its three rings.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants, which is important for the management of depression.

Effexor XR 75 mg and 150 mg capsules

Venlafaxine

11 links

Effexor XR 75 mg and 150 mg capsules
Generic 75mg (top) and 150mg (bottom) venlafaxine capsules by Krka

Venlafaxine, sold under the brand name Effexor among others, is an antidepressant medication of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class.

Serotonin

14 links

Monoamine neurotransmitter.

Monoamine neurotransmitter.

Serotonin system, contrasted with the dopamine system
The pathway for the synthesis of serotonin from tryptophan.
process

Several classes of antidepressants, such as the SSRIs and the SNRIs among others, interfere with the normal reabsorption of serotonin after it is done with the transmission of the signal, therefore augmenting the neurotransmitter levels in the synapses.