Antiquarian

Ole Worm's cabinet of curiosities, from Museum Wormianum, 1655
"Antiquaries": portraits of 20 influential antiquaries and historians published in Crabb's Universal Historical Dictionary (1825). Featured are: Giraldus Cambrensis, John Leland, Guido Panciroli, John Stow, William Camden, Justus Lipsius, Joseph Justus Scaliger, Johannes Meursius, Hubert Goltzius, Henry Spelman, Charles Patin, Philipp Clüver, William Dugdale, Claudius Salmasius, Friedrich Spanheim, Johann Georg Graevius, Jakob Gronovius, Thomas Hearne, John Strype, and Elias Ashmole.
William Camden (1551–1623), author of the Britannia, wearing the tabard and chain of office of Clarenceux King of Arms. Originally published in the 1695 edition of Britannia.
Pit Mead Roman villa mosaic, illustrations by Catherine Downes, engraved by James Basire and presented to the SAL by Daines Barrington
The Puzzle (1756): etching by John Bowles. In one variation on a recurrent joke, four antiquaries struggle to decipher what seems to be an ancient inscription, but which is in fact a crude memorial in English to Claud Coster, tripe-seller, and his wife. The print is ironically dedicated to "the Penetrating Genius's of Oxford, Cambridge, Eaton, Westminster, and the Learned Society of Antiquarians".
Le Singe Antiquaire (c. 1726) by Jean-Siméon Chardin
Thomas Rowlandson's caricature, Death and the Antiquaries, 1816. A group of antiquaries cluster eagerly around the exhumed corpse of a king, oblivious to the jealous figure of Death aiming his dart at one of them. The image was inspired by the opening of the tomb of Edward I in Westminster Abbey by the Society of Antiquaries in 1774.
The entrance to the premises of the Society of Antiquaries of London, at Burlington House, Piccadilly.

Aficionado or student of antiquities or things of the past.

- Antiquarian
Ole Worm's cabinet of curiosities, from Museum Wormianum, 1655

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Sir Richard Colt Hoare, 2nd Baronet

Sir Richard Hoare, 2nd Baronet

Sir Richard Colt Hoare, 2nd Baronet
Monument to Sir Richard Colt Hoare in Salisbury Cathedral

Sir Richard Colt Hoare, 2nd Baronet FRS (9 December 1758 – 19 May 1838) was an English antiquarian, archaeologist, artist, and traveller of the 18th and 19th centuries, the first major figure in the detailed study of the history of his home county of Wiltshire.

Two archaeologists analyzing artifacts of Strawberry Valley unincorporated community and Forest City ghost town

Archaeology

Scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

Scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

Two archaeologists analyzing artifacts of Strawberry Valley unincorporated community and Forest City ghost town
Archaeologists excavating in Rome
An early photograph of Stonehenge taken July 1877
Artifacts discovered at the 1808 Bush Barrow excavation by Sir Richard Colt Hoare and William Cunnington.
Archaeological excavation of a Stone Age settlement at Glamilders in Långbergsöda village, Saltvik, Åland, in 1906.
Mortimer Wheeler pioneered systematic excavation in the early 20th century. Pictured, are his excavations at Maiden Castle, Dorset, in October 1937.
Cast of the skull of the Taung child, uncovered in South Africa. The Child was an infant of the Australopithecus africanus species, an early form of hominin
Monte Albán archaeological site
Inverted kite aerial photo of an excavation of a Roman building at Nesley near Tetbury in Gloucestershire.
Excavations at the 3800-year-old Edgewater Park Site, Iowa
Archaeological excavation that discovered prehistoric caves in Vill (Innsbruck), Austria
An archaeologist sifting for POW remains on Wake Island.
Five of the seven known fossil teeth of Homo luzonensis found in Callao Cave, the Philippines.
Karl von Habsburg, on a Blue Shield International fact-finding mission in Libya
Extensive excavations at Beit She'an, Israel
Permanent exhibition in a German multi-storey car park, explaining the archaeological discoveries made during the construction of this building
Excavations at the site of Gran Dolina, in the Atapuerca Mountains, Spain, 2008
A looter's pit on the morning following its excavation, taken at Rontoy, Huaura Valley, Peru in June 2007. Several small holes left by looters' prospecting probes can be seen, as well as their footprints.

Archaeology developed out of antiquarianism in Europe during the 19th century, and has since become a discipline practiced around the world.

Frontispiece to a 1706 Latin edition of the by Jakob Gronovius

Aulus Gellius

Aulus Gellius (c.

Aulus Gellius (c.

Frontispiece to a 1706 Latin edition of the by Jakob Gronovius

He is famous for his Attic Nights, a commonplace book, or compilation of notes on grammar, philosophy, history, antiquarianism, and other subjects, preserving fragments of the works of many authors who might otherwise be unknown today.

Macrobius presenting his work to his son Eustachius. From an 1100 copy of Macrobius' "Commentary on the «Dream of Scipio»".

Macrobius

Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, usually referred to as Macrobius (fl.

Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, usually referred to as Macrobius (fl.

Macrobius presenting his work to his son Eustachius. From an 1100 copy of Macrobius' "Commentary on the «Dream of Scipio»".
Early printed edition of Macrobius's In Somnium Scipionis and Saturnaliorum.
Initial E shaped in the form of a writing man, probably representing Macrobius himself.
The Universe, the Earth in the centre, surrounded by the five planets, the sun and the moon, within the zodiacal signs.
The five climes of the Earth. Frozen climes in yellow; Temperate climes in blue; Torrid clime in red.
Sketch map showing the inhabited northern region separated from the antipodes by an imagined ocean at the equator.
Diagram showing a lunar eclipse.
Diagram showing a solar eclipse.

He is primarily known for his writings, which include the widely copied and read Commentarii in Somnium Scipionis ("Commentary on the Dream of Scipio") about Somnium Scipionis, which was one of the most important sources for Neoplatonism in the Latin West during the Middle Ages; the Saturnalia, a compendium of ancient Roman religious and antiquarian lore; and De differentiis et societatibus graeci latinique verbi ("On the Differences and Similarities of the Greek and Latin Verb"), which is now lost.

William Camden

William Camden

William Camden
Hand-coloured frontispiece and title page of the 1607 edition of Britannia
Camden as Clarenceux King of Arms in the funeral procession of Elizabeth I, 1603
Frontispiece and title page of a 1675 edition of the Annales
Camden (by Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, 1609)
The William Camden, a pub in Bexleyheath, several miles from Chislehurst, where Camden lived for much of his life

William Camden (2 May 1551 – 9 November 1623) was an English antiquarian, historian, topographer, and herald, best known as author of Britannia, the first chorographical survey of the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Annales, the first detailed historical account of the reign of Elizabeth I of England.

William Dugdale

Sir William Dugdale of Blyth Hall in 1656: an etching by Wenceslaus Hollar
Portrait of Sir William Dugdale by Silvester Harding

Sir William Dugdale (12 September 1605 – 10 February 1686) was an English antiquary and herald.

Frontispiece to the 1657 edition of the Deipnosophists, edited by Isaac Casaubon, in Greek and Jacques Daléchamps' Latin translation

Deipnosophistae

Early 3rd-century AD Greek work by the Greek author Athenaeus of Naucratis.

Early 3rd-century AD Greek work by the Greek author Athenaeus of Naucratis.

Frontispiece to the 1657 edition of the Deipnosophists, edited by Isaac Casaubon, in Greek and Jacques Daléchamps' Latin translation
Deipnosophistae, 1535

It is a long work of literary, historical, and antiquarian references set in Rome at a series of banquets held by the protagonist Publius Livius Larensis for an assembly of grammarians, lexicographers, jurists, musicians, and hangers-on.

A centaur struggling with a Lapith on a metope from the Parthenon, in the British Museum (London), part of the Elgin Marbles

Antiquities

Antiquities are objects from antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean: the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Egypt and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures.

Antiquities are objects from antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean: the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Egypt and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures.

A centaur struggling with a Lapith on a metope from the Parthenon, in the British Museum (London), part of the Elgin Marbles
An Assyrian lamassu in the Louvre
Chinese ritual wine server (guang), circa 1100 BC
Allegories of five literatures of antiquity, relief at Cardiff Castle, by Thomas Nicholls circa 1870
The Euphronios Krater has been returned to Italy by the Metropolitan Museum

A person who studies antiquities, as opposed to just collecting them, is often called an antiquarian.

Elias Ashmole by an unknown artist (detail), c. 1688, after the portrait by John Riley, below

Elias Ashmole

Elias Ashmole by an unknown artist (detail), c. 1688, after the portrait by John Riley, below
Ashmole's birthplace in Lichfield
Elias Ashmole by William Faithorne, 1656
Frontispiece to Ashmole's translation of Fasciculus Chemicus
Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum (1652), Ashmole's annotated compilation of alchemical poems in English
George Ripley's Wheel, from Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, 1652
Elias Ashmole wearing a tabard as Windsor Herald, painted by Cornelis de Neve in 1664
Ashmole's coat of arms is here shown in the first and last quarters of the shield. His crest placed the god Mercury between the twin constellation of Gemini (here used as supporters).
Elias Ashmole by John Riley, c. 1683
The Old Ashmolean Building, now the Museum of the History of Science
The main entrance of the current Ashmolean Museum building

Elias Ashmole (23 May 1617 – 18 May 1692) was an English antiquary, politician, officer of arms, astrologer and student of alchemy.

Walpole by Sir Joshua Reynolds 1756

Horace Walpole

Walpole by Sir Joshua Reynolds 1756
Walpole by Jonathan Richardson, 1735.
Walpole by Rosalba Carriera, c. 1741.
Strawberry Hill House
Horace Walpole by John Giles Eccardt, c. 1755.
Horace Walpole by Sir Thomas Lawrence, c. 1795
Portrait of George Montagu by John Giles Eccardt after Jean-Baptiste van Loo (c. 1713–1780) Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery A close friend and correspondent of Horace Walpole

Horatio Walpole , 4th Earl of Orford (24 September 1717 – 2 March 1797), better known as Horace Walpole, was an English writer, art historian, man of letters, antiquarian and Whig politician.