A report on Antisocial personality disorder

Signs of Antisocial personality disorder.

Personality disorder characterized by a long-term pattern of disregard of, or violation of, the rights of others as well as a difficulty sustaining long-term relationships.

- Antisocial personality disorder
Signs of Antisocial personality disorder.

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Overall

Psychopathy is strongly correlated with crime, violence, and antisocial behavior.

Psychopathy

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Characterized by persistent antisocial behavior, impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited, and egotistical traits.

Characterized by persistent antisocial behavior, impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited, and egotistical traits.

Psychopathy is strongly correlated with crime, violence, and antisocial behavior.
From accidents such as the one of Phineas Gage, it is known that the prefrontal cortex plays an important role in moral behavior.
Dysfunction of the orbitofrontal cortex, among other areas, is implicated in the mechanism of psychopathy.
Psychoanalyst Walter C. Langer described Adolf Hitler as a "neurotic psychopath".

The DSM and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) subsequently introduced the diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and dissocial personality disorder (DPD) respectively, stating that these diagnoses have been referred to (or include what is referred to) as psychopathy or sociopathy.

Personality disorder

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Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the individual's culture.

Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the individual's culture.

DSM-5 lists ten specific personality disorders: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder.

Orbitofrontal cortex, part of the prefrontal cortex that shapes decision-making

Impulsivity

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Tendency to act on a whim, displaying behavior characterized by little or no forethought, reflection, or consideration of the consequences.

Tendency to act on a whim, displaying behavior characterized by little or no forethought, reflection, or consideration of the consequences.

Orbitofrontal cortex, part of the prefrontal cortex that shapes decision-making

Impulsivity is both a facet of personality and a major component of various disorders, including FASD, ADHD, substance use disorders, bipolar disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder.

Conduct disorder

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Mental disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents itself through a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that includes theft, lies, physical violence that may lead to destruction, and reckless breaking of rules, in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated.

Mental disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents itself through a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that includes theft, lies, physical violence that may lead to destruction, and reckless breaking of rules, in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated.

It is often seen as the precursor to antisocial personality disorder, which by definition cannot be diagnosed until the individual is 18 years old.

Two warthogs preparing to fight

Aggression

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Overt or covert, often harmful, social interaction with the intention of inflicting damage or other harm upon another individual; although it can be channeled into creative and practical outlets for some.

Overt or covert, often harmful, social interaction with the intention of inflicting damage or other harm upon another individual; although it can be channeled into creative and practical outlets for some.

Two warthogs preparing to fight
Male elephant seals fighting
Testosterone to Estradiol conversion

Aggressive behaviors are associated with adjustment problems and several psychopathological symptoms such as Antisocial Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Intermittent Explosive Disorder.

People with ADHD may struggle more than others to focus on tasks such as schoolwork, but can maintain an unusually intense level of attention for tasks they find rewarding or interesting

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by excessive amounts of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate.

Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by excessive amounts of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate.

People with ADHD may struggle more than others to focus on tasks such as schoolwork, but can maintain an unusually intense level of attention for tasks they find rewarding or interesting
The left prefrontal cortex, shown here in blue, is often affected in ADHD.
Percent of people 4–17 ever diagnosed in the US as of 2011
Timeline of ADHD diagnostic criteria, prevalence, and treatment

Adolescents with ADHD who also have CD are more likely to develop antisocial personality disorder in adulthood.

Hugging someone who is hurt is a signal of empathy.

Empathy

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Capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference, that is, the capacity to place oneself in another's position.

Capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference, that is, the capacity to place oneself in another's position.

Hugging someone who is hurt is a signal of empathy.
Understanding another's view

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) list antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and dissocial personality disorder, stating that these have been referred to as or include what is referred to as psychopathy.

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Psychopathy Checklist

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The Psychopathy Checklist or Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, now the Psychopathy Checklist—revised (PCL-R), is a psychological assessment tool most commonly used to assess the presence of psychopathy in individuals—most often those institutionalized in the criminal justice system—and to differentiate them from those with antisocial personality disorder, a similar but distinct illness.

1952 edition of the DSM (DSM-1)

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for the classification of mental disorders using a common language and standard criteria.

Publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for the classification of mental disorders using a common language and standard criteria.

1952 edition of the DSM (DSM-1)

In 1952, the APA listed homosexuality in the DSM as a sociopathic personality disturbance.

Hervey Cleckley, M.D.

Hervey M. Cleckley

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American psychiatrist and pioneer in the field of psychopathy.

American psychiatrist and pioneer in the field of psychopathy.

Hervey Cleckley, M.D.

The concept of psychopathy continues to be influential through forming parts of the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, the Psychopathy Checklist, and public perception.