Arabian Sea

17th century map depicting the locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.

The aerial view of the Arabian Sea above Bombay/Mumbai, India

Names, routes and locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.

The Kochi Port located on the south-west coast of India is the nearest Indian port to the international shipping routes, as well as one of the largest and busiest ports serving the Arabian Sea. Seen here is the International Container Transshipment Terminal, the only such facility in India.

Landsat view of Socotra, an island of Yemen.

Phytoplankton bloom over the Arabian Sea in winter (NASA)

A horizontal Malabar Coast miniature, a reprint by Petrus Bertius, 1630

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1658 Jansson Map of the Indian Ocean (Erythraean Sea)

The western part of the Indian Ocean,1693.

The western part of the Indian Ocean, by Vincenzo Maria Coronelli, 1693 from his system of global gores the Makran coast

Dugong mother and her offspring in shallow waters.

Region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan, Iran and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Peninsula, on the southeast by the Laccadive Sea and the Maldives, on the southwest by Somalia, and on the east by India.

- Arabian Sea

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Arabian Peninsula

Peninsula of Western Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.

The geographical and political boundaries of the Arabian Peninsula

The Haraz Mountains in western Yemen include Arabia's highest mountain, Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb or Jabal Hadhur near Sanaa

Ancient coins from Failaka Island, Kuwait

Sabaean inscription addressed to the god Almaqah, mentioning five Ancient Yemeni gods, two reigning sovereigns and two governors, 7th century BC

Ottoman territories on the Arabian Peninsula acquired between 1517 and 1590 (See: list of territories)

The peninsula in right before World War I.

Jebel Hafeet on the border of Oman and the UAE, near the city of Al Ain. It can be considered an outlier of Al Hajar Mountains.<ref name="Gardner 01-2004"/>

The northeastern Hajar Mountains, shared by Oman and the UAE, as seen from the desert of Sharjah

The Dhofar mountainous region in southeastern Oman, where the city of Salalah is located, is a tourist destination known for its annual khareef season

The Hadhramaut Mountains of eastern Yemen, contiguous with the Omani Dhofar range, as seen from the city of Al-Mukalla

Terraced fields in the Harazi subrange of the Sarawat Mountains in western Yemen

Jabal Sawdah of the 'Asir range in southwestern Saudi Arabia, in Asir Region near the border with Yemen

The Faifa mountains in the Jazan Region, southwestern Saudi Arabia.

The Midian Mountains of Tabuk Province, in northwestern Saudi Arabia, near the border with Jordan

The Aja subrange of the Shammar Mountains in the region of Ha'il, northern Saudi Arabia

The Tuwaiq Escarpment or Tuwayr mountainous region in the Najd, southwest of the Saudi capital city of Riyadh

The old city of Sanaa, Yemen. Peninsular Arabs trace their lineage to Qahtan, who was reportedly based in Yemen.

A map of the peninsula made in 1720 by the German publisher Christoph Weigel

Ain Zubaydah was built to water the pilgrims in Mecca by order of Zubaidah bint Ja'far

Omar Mosque in Dumat al-Jandal, Saudi Arabia.

The facade of a tomb with its details and architectural elements.

Qasr al Farid, tomb in Archeological site Mada'in Saleh, Al-`Ula, Saudi Arabia

Diriyah the capital of the first Saudi state

The ruins of Umayyad city in the historic Jumeirah district of Dubai.

Bull's head, made of copper in the early period of Dilmun (ca. 2000 BC), Bahrain.

The head and body of a Saluki is made of stone from the Al-Magar civilization, in the Neolithic period, (about 8000 BC).

The Arabian Peninsula formed as a result of the rifting of the Red Sea between 56 and 23 million years ago, and is bordered by the Red Sea to the west and southwest, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the northeast, the Levant and Mesopotamia to the north and the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean to the southeast.

Indus River

Transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia.

The course of the Indus in the disputed Kashmir region; the river flows through Ladakh and Gilgit-Baltistan, administered respectively by India and Pakistan

The major sites of the Indus Valley Civilization fl 2600–1900 BCE in Pakistan, India and Afghanistan

Confluence of Indus and Zanskar rivers. The Indus is at the left of the picture, flowing left-to-right; the Zanskar, carrying more water, comes in from the top of the picture.

Skyline of Sukkur along the shores of the Indus River

The Indus River near Skardu, in Gilgit–Baltistan.

Lansdowne Bridge and Ayub Bridge connecting the cities of Rohri and Sukkur in Sindh, Pakistan.

The 3180 km river rises in Western Tibet, flows northwest through the disputed region of Kashmir, bends sharply to the left after the Nanga Parbat massif, and flows south-by-southwest through Pakistan, before emptying into the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi.

Gulf of Khambhat

The Gulf of Khambhat, historically known as the Gulf of Cambay, is a bay on the Arabian Sea coast of India, bordering the state of Gujarat just north of Mumbai and Diu Island.

Guardafui Channel

The Guardafui Channel (Marinka Gardafuul) is an oceanic strait off the tip of the Horn of Africa that lies between the Puntland region of Somalia and Socotra to the west of the Arabian Sea.

Lakshadweep

Union territory of India.

One of the uninhabited islands in Bangaram Atoll, Lakshadweep.

Satellite picture showing the atolls of the Lakshadweep except for Minicoy.

Domestic ducks on a beach at Kavaratti, Lakshadweep

Plate in Western Script is from the Laccadive Islands

NASA picture of Maliku Atoll with Minicoy Island

Passenger ship MV Amindivi of the Lakshdweep Islands administration docked at Old Mangalore port

A rare red-billed tropicbird (Phaethon aethereus subsp. indicus) found in small islands of Lakshdweep

Closeup of a Butterfly Fish (Chaetodon falcula) in a reef, Lakshdweep.

Coral Reef near Bangaram Island, Lakshdweep

A Lagoon Triggerfish swimming around the reef of Lakshdweep.

It is an archipelago of 36 islands in the Arabian sea, located 200 to 440 km off the Malabar Coast.

Socotra

Island of the Republic of Yemen in the Indian Ocean, under the de facto control of the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council, a secessionist participant in Yemen’s ongoing civil war.

1893 map of the Bombay Presidency including Aden Province and Socotra

Halah Cave (كهف حالة) in the east of the island is several hundred metres deep, with total darkness. Note the size of the stalagmites and stalactites compared to that of the 1.7 m man with the torch.

An 1890s photograph of endemic tree species Dendrosicyos socotranus, the cucumber tree, by Henry Ogg Forbes

Lying between the Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Sea and near major shipping routes, Socotra is the largest of the four islands in the Socotra archipelago.

Oman

Country in Western Asia.

The Archaeological Sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn in Ad Dhahirah were built in the 3rd Millennium BCE, are UNESCO World Heritage.

Ruins of Khor Rori, built between 100 BCE & 100 CE.

Bahla Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage site, was built between 12th and 15th c. by the Nabhani dynasty.

The Portuguese Empire ruled Oman for 143 years (1507–1650).

Portuguese presence in the 16th and 18th century in the Persian Gulf.

Following the expulsion of the Portuguese Empire, Oman became one of the powers in the western Indian Ocean from 1698 onwards.

The Sultan's Palace in Zanzibar, which was once Oman's capital and residence of its sultans

The split between the interior region (orange) and the coastal region (red) of Oman and Muscat.

Sultan Said bin Taimur ruled from 1932 to 1970.

Nizwa Fort attacked by British Royal Air Force strike aircraft during Jebel Akhdar War.

Sultan Qaboos bin Said ruled from 1970 until his death in 2020.

Nakhal palm tree farms in Oman's Batina Region

The Sultan's Al Alam Palace in Old Muscat

Sultan Haitham bin Tariq with US secretary of state Mike Pompeo, February 2020.

Royal Navy of Oman Khareef-class corvette, Al-Shamikh

Mohammed Alfazari, an exiled Omani writer and journalist now living in the UK, is an author whose books are banned in Oman. He is also the founder and EIC of Muwatin.

A proportional representation of Oman exports, 2019

Historical development of real GDP per capita in Oman

The traditional Dhow, an enduring symbol of Oman

A khanjar, the traditional dagger of Oman (c. 1924)

Ancient irrigation system and water channels. Aflaj Gallery, The National Museum of Oman.

Oman hosted and won the 19th Arabian Gulf Cup.

2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifiers Round 3 match between Oman and Japan at the Royal Oman Police Stadium on 7 June 2008 in Muscat, Oman

Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque, Muscat, Oman

Library of Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque, Muscat, Oman

The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast.

Gulf of Oman

Khor Fakkan, a city in the Emirate of Sharjah, has one of the major container ports in the eastern seaboard of the United Arab Emirates.

U.S. Navy, French Navy, and Italian Navy aircraft carriers conduct operations in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of responsibility in the Gulf of Oman.

The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman (خليج عمان khalīj ʿumān; daryâ-ye omân), also known as Gulf of Makran or Sea of Makran (خلیج مکران khalīj makrān; daryâ-ye makrān), is a gulf that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf.

Gulf of Aden

Ibn Majid referring to the Gulf as the Gulf of Berbera

The Gulf of Aden (خليج عدن, Gacanka Cadmeed 𐒅𐒖𐒐𐒕𐒌 𐒋𐒖𐒆𐒗𐒒) is a deepwater gulf between Yemen to the north, the Arabian Sea to the east, Djibouti to the west, and the Guardafui Channel, Socotra and Somalia to the south.

Pakistan

Country in South Asia.

Indus Priest King Statue from Mohenjo-Daro.

Standing Buddha from Gandhara, Greco-Buddhist art, 1st–2nd century AD.

Clock Tower, Faisalabad, built by the British government in the 19th century

Queen Elizabeth II was the last monarch of independent Pakistan, before it became a republic in 1956.

Signing of the Tashkent Declaration to end hostilities with India in 1965 in Tashkent, USSR, by President Ayub alongside Bhutto (centre) and Aziz Ahmed (left)

President George W. Bush meets with President Musharraf in Islamabad during his 2006 visit to Pakistan.

The Friday Prayers at the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore

A satellite image showing the topography of Pakistan

Köppen climate classification of Pakistan

President of Pakistan Ayub Khan with US President John F. Kennedy in 1961

Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan at the 2019 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit

Pakistan Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai signing the Treaty of Friendship Between China and Pakistan. Pakistan is host to China's largest embassy.

The areas shown in green are the Pakistani-controlled areas.

Hunza Valley in the Gilgit-Baltistan region is part of Pakistani-controlled Kashmir.

Pakistan Air Force's JF-17 Thunder flying in front of the 26660 ft Nanga Parbat

Statue of a bull outside the Pakistan Stock Exchange, Islamabad, Pakistan

Surface mining in Sindh. Pakistan has been termed the 'Saudi Arabia of Coal' by Forbes.

Television assembly factory in Lahore. Pakistan's industrial sector accounts for about 20.3% of the GDP, and is dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises.

Rising skyline of Karachi with several under construction skyscrapers.

Lake Saiful Muluk, located at the northern end of the Kaghan Valley, near the town of Naran in the Saiful Muluk National Park.

Badshahi Mosque was commissioned by the Mughals in 1671. It is listed as a World Heritage Site.

Tarbela Dam, the largest earth filled dam in the world, was constructed in 1968.

Pakistan produced 1,135 megawatts of renewable energy for the month of October 2016. Pakistan expects to produce 3,000 megawatts of renewable energy by the beginning of 2019.

The motorway passes through the Salt Range mountains

Port of Karachi is one of South Asia's largest and busiest deep-water seaports, handling about 60% of the nation's cargo (25 million tons per annum)

Track of Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metrobus with adjoining station

Central Library of University of Sargodha

Malala Yousafzai at the Women of the World festival in 2014.

Pakistan hosts the second largest refugee population globally after Turkey. An Afghan refugee girl near Tarbela Dam

Faisal Mosque, built in 1986 by Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay on behalf of King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia

Havana at Shri Hinglaj Mata temple shakti peetha, the largest Hindu pilgrimage centre in Pakistan. The annual Hinglaj Yathra is attended by more than 250,000 people.

Truck art is a distinctive feature of Pakistani culture.

People in traditional clothing in Neelum District

Muhammad Iqbal, Pakistan's national poet who conceived the idea of Pakistan

The Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam is part of Pakistan's Sufi heritage.

Minar-e-Pakistan is a national monument marking Pakistan's independence movement.

Located on the bank of Arabian Sea in Karachi, Port Grand is one of the largest food streets of Asia.

Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore is the 3rd largest cricket stadium in Pakistan with a seating capacity of 27,000 spectators.

It has a 1,046 km coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast.