A report on Archaea and Cofactor (biochemistry)

The succinate dehydrogenase complex showing several cofactors, including flavin, iron–sulfur centers, and heme.
Archaea were found in volcanic hot springs. Pictured here is Grand Prismatic Spring of Yellowstone National Park.
A simple [Fe2S2] cluster containing two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms, coordinated by four protein cysteine residues.
The ARMAN are a group of archaea recently discovered in acid mine drainage.
The redox reactions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
Membrane structures. Top, an archaeal phospholipid: 1, isoprene chains; 2, ether linkages; 3, L-glycerol moiety; 4, phosphate group. Middle, a bacterial or eukaryotic phospholipid: 5, fatty acid chains; 6, ester linkages; 7, D-glycerol moiety; 8, phosphate group. Bottom: 9, lipid bilayer of bacteria and eukaryotes; 10, lipid monolayer of some archaea.
Bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarum. The retinol cofactor and residues involved in proton transfer are shown as ball-and-stick models.
Sulfolobus infected with the DNA virus STSV1. Bar is 1 micrometer.
Archaea that grow in the hot water of the Morning Glory Hot Spring in Yellowstone National Park produce a bright colour
Methanogenic archaea form a symbiosis with termites.

Other organisms require additional metals as enzyme cofactors, such as vanadium in the nitrogenase of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, tungsten in the aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase of the thermophilic archaean Pyrococcus furiosus, and even cadmium in the carbonic anhydrase from the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii.

- Cofactor (biochemistry)

Methanogenesis involves a range of coenzymes that are unique to these archaea, such as coenzyme M and methanofuran.

- Archaea

2 related topics with Alpha

Overall

Methanogen

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Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in hypoxic conditions.

Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in hypoxic conditions.

They are prokaryotic and belong to the domain Archaea.

Different methanogenic reactions are catalyzed by unique sets of enzymes and coenzymes.

A block of electrolytically refined cobalt (99.9% purity) cut from a large plate

Cobalt

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Chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27.

Chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27.

A block of electrolytically refined cobalt (99.9% purity) cut from a large plate
Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate
Structure of tetrakis(1-norbornyl)cobalt(IV)
Early Chinese blue and white porcelain, manufactured c. 1335
Cobalt ore
World production trend
Cobalt prices February and March 2021 (USD$ per ton)
Cobalt prices 2016 to 2021 5 years (USD$ per ton)
Cobalt blue glass
Cobalt-colored glass
alt=chemical diagram of cobalamin molecule|Cobalamin
alt=two cobalt-deficient sheep facing away from camera|Cobalt-deficient sheep

Cobalt is the active center of a group of coenzymes called cobalamins.

The Co-containing complex cobalamin is only synthesized by cyanobacteria and a few archaea, so dissolved cobalt concentrations are low in the upper ocean.