Archbishop of Kraków

Cardinal Wojtyła (later Pope John Paul II)

Head of the archdiocese of Kraków.

- Archbishop of Kraków

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Kraków

Second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

Tomb of Casimir III the Great at Wawel Cathedral. Kraków was the capital of Poland from 1038 to 1596.

The Church of St. Adalbert is one of the oldest churches in the city, dating from the 11th century.

Woodcut of Kraków from the Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493

View of Kraków (Cracovia) near the end of the 16th-century

Tadeusz Kościuszko takes the oath of loyalty to the Polish nation in Kraków's market square (Rynek), 1794

Act of granting the constitution to the Free City of Krakow. After the Partitions of Poland, Kraków was independent city republic and the only piece of sovereign Polish territory between 1815 and 1846.

Flower vendors in Rynek. First autochrome in Poland, dated 1912

Kraków Ghetto, 1942—a German checkpoint during operation Aktion Krakau

Kraków's territorial growth from the late 18th to the 20th century

Convent of Norbertine Sisters in Kraków-Zwierzyniec and the Vistula River during the summer season

The Renaissance Cloth Hall (Sukiennice) in Main Market Square

The Kraków Barbican dating from around 1498 was once a fortified outpost of the inner medieval city.

Kanonicza Street, at the foot of the Wawel Castle

View of Kraków from St. Mary's Basilica in the Market Square

Palace of Art at Szczepański Square is an example of Art Nouveau architecture in central Kraków.

Basztowa Street, filled with some of the most unique historical buildings in all architectural styles; part of the Royal Route of Kraków

Pawilon Wyspiański 2000 is a rare example of Postmodern architecture present in Kraków's Old Town.

Planty Park, which surrounds Kraków's Old Town

A pavilion within the Planty Park during winter

The New Town Hall of Podgórze, which used to be a self-governing independent town until its incorporation into Kraków in 1915

Entrance to the Wielopolski Palace from 1560, the seat of Kraków's mayor, administration and city council

Matejko Square, featuring the Grunwald Monument at Kleparz, is one of the city's most important public spaces.

The Center for Business Innovation office complex in Kraków

Unity Tower, one of the tallest buildings in the city

Bombardier city tram on Piłsudski Bridge

PKP Intercity train at the Main Railway Station

Wawel Cathedral, home to royal coronations and resting place of many national heroes; considered to be Poland's national sanctuary

Saint Anne's Church is the leading example of Baroque architecture in Poland.

Collegium Maius, Jagiellonian University's oldest building

Leonardo da Vinci's Lady with an Ermine, at the Czartoryski Museum

The National Museum in Kraków is one of Poland's finest galleries of art.

Kraków Congress Centre – the business and cultural flagship of the city

Kraków's renowned Juliusz Słowacki Theatre

German concentration camp of Auschwitz-Birkenau

In 1978, Karol Wojtyła, archbishop of Kraków, was elevated to the papacy as Pope John Paul II—the first non-Italian pope in 455 years.

Prince Adam Stefan Stanisław Bonifacy Józef Cardinal Sapieha (14 May 1867 – 23 July 1951) was a senior-ranking Polish prelate of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Kraków from 1911 to 1951.

Duchy of Siewierz

Silesian duchy with its capital in Siewierz.

Territory of the former duchy within Congress Poland

In 1337 it was acquired by Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn, whose scion Wenceslaus I sold it to the Archbishop of Kraków in 1443.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kraków

Archdiocese located in the city of Kraków in Poland.

List of Roman Catholic bishops of Kraków

Pope John Paul II

The head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005.

The wedding portrait of John Paul II's parents, Emilia and Karol Wojtyła Sr.

Painting of Saint John Paul II painted by Zbigniewa Kotyłły, 2012

Karol Wojtyła (second from right) in a Baudienst forced labor work crew during the German occupation of Poland in WWII, circa 1941

The Pontifical International Athenaeum Angelicum in Rome, Italy

Karol Wojtyła pictured during a kayaking trip to the countryside with a groups of students, circa 1960

19 Kanonicza Street in Kraków, Poland where John Paul II lived as a priest and bishop (now an Archdiocese Museum).

First appearance of Pope John Paul II following his election on 16 October 1978

John Paul's first papal trip to Poland in June 1979

John Paul II with the president of Italy Sandro Pertini in 1984

John Paul II during a visit to West Germany, 1980

US President Ronald Reagan meeting with Pope John Paul II during a visit to the Vatican City, 1982

Graffiti showing John Paul II with quote "Do not be afraid" in Rijeka, Croatia

John Paul II was the first Pope to enter and pray in a mosque, visiting the tomb of John the Baptist at Umayyad Mosque, Damascus.

John Paul II moments after being shot during an assassination attempt by Mehmet Ali Ağca in St. Peter's Square, 13 May 1981

An ailing John Paul II riding in the Popemobile in September 2004 in St. Peter's Square

(l-r) George W. Bush, Laura Bush, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, Condoleezza Rice, and Andrew Card, US dignitaries paying respects to John Paul II on 6 April 2005 at St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City

The tomb of John Paul II in the Vatican Chapel of Saint Sebastian within St. Peter's Basilica where it has been since 2011.

1.5 million St. Peter's Square attendees witness the beatification of John Paul II on 1 May 2011 in Vatican City

Statue of John Paul II outside the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, Tepeyac, Mexico City

Candles around monument to John Paul II in Zaspa, Gdańsk at the time of his death

The canonisation of John Paul II and John XXIII

The tomb of the parents of John Paul II at Rakowicki Cemetery in Kraków, Poland

Soon after, he began courses in the clandestine underground seminary run by the Archbishop of Kraków, Cardinal Adam Stefan Sapieha.

Pope Innocent IV

Head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254.

Innocent IV excommunicating emperor Frederick II at the Council of Lyon, 13th century

14th century miniature depicting the excommunication Emperor Frederick II by Pope Innocent IV

Innocent IV (1243–1254) was probably the first pope who used personal arms.

Ascelin of Lombardia receiving a letter from Pope Innocent IV, and remitting it to the Mongol general Baiju

The 1246 letter of Güyük to Pope Innocent IV

The Dominican priest Peter of Verona, martyred by Albigensian heretics in 1252, was canonized, as was Stanislaus of Szczepanów, the Polish Archbishop of Cracow, both in 1253.

1118

Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Radostl becomes Bishop of Krakow.

Henryk IV Probus

Henryk IV Probus (Latin for the Righteous) (Henryk IV Probus or Prawy; Heinrich IV.

Silesia in 1273, Henry's Duchy of Wrocław in orange

The black crownless eagle of the Silesian Piasts

Henry IV depicted as a minnesinger in the Codex Manesse, about 1304

Henry IV's tomb effigy in Wrocław. The picture was an attempt to reconstruct the medieval polychrome.

As the war turned favorable to him, Wladyslaw I, with the assistance of the Bishop of Kraków, Paul of Półkozic (who was later imprisoned after rebelled against him), managed to besiege and capture Wawel castle and forced the Silesian troops to retreat to Skała.

Sigismund III Vasa

Sigismund III Vasa (Zygmunt III Waza, Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632

Portrait by Pieter Soutman, c. undefined 1624

John III, his wife Catherine Jagiellon and young Sigismund imprisoned at Gripsholm. An 1859 painting by Józef Simmler.

Chancellor Jan Zamoyski staunchly opposed the pro-Habsburg alliance.

Archduke Ernest of Austria, whose correspondence with Sigismund caused a political crisis.

Sigismund early in his reign, by court painter Martin Kober.

Charles of Sweden, Sigismund's uncle, who waged war against Sigismund and Poland for the Swedish crown.

Equestrian portrait of King Sigismund by Peter Paul Rubens

Linköping Castle where Sigismund met with Charles to discuss the future of the Swedish monarchy.

Portrait of Sigismund as a young adult by Jan Szwankowski, ca. 1590.

Dethronisation act issued on 24 June 1607.

Sigismund as supreme commander of Poland–Lithuania, dressed in hose.

Victorious Sigismund at Smolensk, by Italian-born artist Tommaso Dolabella, 1611.

Apotheosis of Sigismund following his victory over the Ottoman Empire, etching from 1629. The king's spear striking a Turk symbolizes the triumph of Catholicism and Christianity over Islam.

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in a Polish costume, 1631–1632. A lifelong enemy of Sigismund, he attempted to take Ducal Prussia and Livonia.

Assassination attempt on Sigismund by Michał Piekarski in 1620.

The gateway between the Warsaw Castle and St. John's Cathedral was constructed as a precaution after the assassination attempt.

John Albert was appointed bishop at the age of nine and cardinal at the age of twenty thanks to his father's reputation.

Sigismund III on catafalque following his death.

Sigismund's Column (1644) in Warsaw is a reminder of the king's decision to transfer the capital of Poland.

Silver sarcophagus of Saint Stanislaus at Wawel Cathedral is one of several exquisite items commissioned by Sigismund III.

Alchemist Sendivogius and Sigismund III, by Jan Matejko.

Anne of Habsburg was Sigismund's first consort. An introvert, she was known for her hostile attitude towards Sweden and Protestantism.

Constance of Habsburg, Anne's sister and Sigismund's second consort. A devout Catholic, she supported Sigismund in political endeavours.

False Dmitriy I takes an oath of allegiance to Sigismund III, by Nikolai Nevrev (1874)

Statue of King Sigismund III on top of Sigismund's Column in Warsaw

A 40-ducat coin depicting King Sigismund III Vasa, 1621

Mater Dolorosa painted by Sigismund in the 1620s, based on works by Gortzius Geldorp

Facade relief on the Golden House in Gdańsk

Banner used during Sigismund III Vasa's reign

Sigismund's leniency towards the Habsburgs also alienated some clerics; the Austrians wanted to prevent Andrew Báthory from seizing the bishopric of Kraków and succeeded in doing so by diplomatic coaxing or coercion.

Pope Pius X

Head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death in 1914.

Portrait by Ernest Walter Histed, c. 1914

The Marian image of Our Lady of Confidence, for whom Pius X had a religious devotion. The Basilica of Saint John Lateran.

Cardinal Luigi Macchi announces the election of Sarto as Pope Pius X.

An official photograph of Pius X wearing Papal regalia on 14 August 1903

Pope Pius X resting in the Vatican Gardens

Pius X in his study while receiving a portraiture. Nearby is a statue of John Vianney.

Gala Berlin produced in Rome by the Casalini brothers, renowned carriage manufacturers, during the papacy of Pius IX, whose coat of arms is painted on both doors. As shown by the emblems of Pius IX and Pius X, painted on the right and left doors respectively, the carriage was used during various pontificates until the beginning of the twentieth century.

Monsignor Eugenio Pacelli at left and Cardinal Secretary Rafael Merry del Val at the signing ceremony of the Serbian concordat during the pontificate of Pius X, dated 24 June 1914

Pius X consecrates Bishop Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, the future Pope Benedict XV, in the Vatican in 1907.

The statue of Pius X in St. Peter's Basilica

Pius X during his lying in state, 21–22 August 1914

The tomb of Pope Pius X under the Presentation chapel altar in Saint Peter's Basilica

Life of Pope Pius X, depicted on a window in San Pio X alla Balduina

However, the Polish Cardinal Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko from Kraków, in the name of Emperor Franz Joseph (1848–1916) of Austria-Hungary, proclaimed a veto (jus exclusivae) against Rampolla's election.