A report on Army of Virginia, Second Battle of Bull Run, John F. Reynolds and Maryland campaign

Gen. Pope's headquarters during the battle of Cedar Mountain

Second Battle of Bull Run, fought Augt. 29th 1862, 1860s lithograph by Currier and Ives

Union General George B. McClellan and Confederate General Robert E. Lee, the principal commanders of the campaign

Major General John Fulton Reynolds. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

Northern Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania (1861-1865)

Second Bull Run Campaign, August 17–30, 1862 (Additional map).

"The Fall of Reynolds" – drawing of Reynolds' death at Gettysburg

Confederate troops marching south on N Market Street, Frederick, Maryland, during the Civil War

Possible location of General Reynolds' death

"Where Reynolds Fell," (from The Photographic History of the Civil War)

August 29, 12 noon: Longstreet arrives, Porter stalls

Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), September 17, 1862

August 29, 5–7 p.m., Kearny's attack, Hood vs. Hatch

Stonewall Jackson's cannons on Henry House Hill

August 30, 4 p.m.: Start of Longstreet's attack

August 30, 4:30 p.m.: Union defense of Chinn Ridge

August 30, 5 p.m.: Final Confederate attacks, beginning of the Union retreat

Bridge crossed by the Union troops retreating to Centreville

Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862

Maryland campaign, actions September 3–15, 1862
Confederate
Union

<center>Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862</center>

<center>Virginia, Bull Run. Ruins of Stone Bridge, 1862</center>

<center>A group of men stand near the Manassas Railroad Junction railroad tracks in 1862 with a train in the background</center>

<center>A group of men near Manassas Railroad Junction in 1862</center>

<center>Men sit near the Manassas Junction railroad in 1862</center>

<center>Picking up debris of trains after Pope's retreat</center>

<center>Bull Run, Va. Dedication of the battle monument; Judge Abram B. Olin of the District of Columbia Supreme Court, who delivered the address, stands by the rail.</center>

Battle map drafted by Sneden, Robert Knox, with notes on Union and Confederate strengths, casualties, done in pen and ink and water color

Northern Virginia Campaign, August 7–28, 1862 Confederate
Union

It was the culmination of the Northern Virginia Campaign waged by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia against Union Maj. Gen. John Pope's Army of Virginia, and a battle of much larger scale and numbers than the First Battle of Bull Run (or First Manassas) fought on July 21, 1861 on the same ground.

- Second Battle of Bull Run

The entire army was soundly defeated at the Second Battle of Bull Run by Jackson, Longstreet, and Lee, and withdrew to the defensive lines of Washington, D.C. On September 12, 1862, the units of the Army of Virginia were merged into the Army of the Potomac and the Army of Virginia was never reconstituted.

- Army of Virginia

They were redesignated as shown for the Maryland Campaign and later.

- Army of Virginia

Success in this battle emboldened Lee to initiate the ensuing Maryland Campaign.

- Second Battle of Bull Run

Lee then conducted the northern Virginia campaign in which he outmaneuvered and defeated Maj. Gen. John Pope and his Army of Virginia, most significantly at the Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas).

- Maryland campaign

Reynolds's Division, commanded by John F. Reynolds (the Pennsylvania Reserves)

- Army of Virginia

The V Corps joined the Army of Virginia, under Maj. Gen. John Pope, at Manassas.

- John F. Reynolds

On the second day of the Second Battle of Bull Run, while most of the Union Army was retreating, Reynolds led his men in a last-ditch stand on Henry House Hill, site of the great Union debacle at First Bull Run the previous year.

- John F. Reynolds

At the request of Pennsylvania Governor Andrew G. Curtin, Reynolds was given command of the Pennsylvania Militia during General Robert E. Lee's invasion of Maryland.

- John F. Reynolds

Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin called for 50,000 militia to turn out, and he nominated Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds, a native Pennsylvanian, to command them.

- Maryland campaign

Sigel, unsure of Jackson's dispositions, chose to advance along a broad front, with Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck's division, supported by Brig. Gen. John F. Reynolds's division (McDowell's III Corps) on the left, Brig. Gen. Robert H. Milroy's independent brigade in the center, and Brig. Gen. Carl Schurz's division on the right.

- Second Battle of Bull Run

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Army of the Potomac

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The principal Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War.

The Army of the Potomac – Our Outlying Picket in the Woods, 1862

Grand Review of the Army of the Potomac, drawn by Thomas Nast, Harper's Weekly, October 10, 1863

Saint Patrick's Day celebration in the Army of the Potomac, depicting a steeplechase race among the Irish Brigade, March 17, 1863, by Edwin Forbes

Scouts and guides, Army of the Potomac, Mathew Brady

Headquarters of the 5th Corps, Army of the Potomac, at the home of Col. Avery near Petersburg, Virginia, June 1864. Photograph by Mathew Brady. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

After the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Army of the Potomac absorbed the units that had served under Maj. Gen. John Pope.

On the contrary, Pope's army consisted of different units, and was named the Army of Virginia.

The Pennsylvania Reserves, in particular, suffered heavy losses including its division commander, who was captured by the Confederates, and two of its three brigadiers (John F. Reynolds, also captured, and George Meade, who was wounded).

Maryland Campaign, including the Battle of Antietam or Sharpsburg: McClellan