A report on Army of Virginia, Second Battle of Bull Run and Nathaniel P. Banks

Gen. Pope's headquarters during the battle of Cedar Mountain

Second Battle of Bull Run, fought Augt. 29th 1862, 1860s lithograph by Currier and Ives

Portrait by Brady-Handy studio, c. 1865–1880

Second Bull Run Campaign, August 17–30, 1862 (Additional map).

Major General Nathaniel Prentiss Banks of General Staff U.S. Volunteers Infantry Regiment in uniform, with his wife, Mary Theodosia Palmer Banks. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

Banks in 1852, portrait by Southworth and Hawes

John Albion Andrew (portrait by Darius Cobb) succeeded Banks as governor.

The champions of the Union, lithograph by Currier & Ives, 1861. Banks is among the frontmost standing figures, just left of the central seated figure, General Winfield Scott.

August 29, 12 noon: Longstreet arrives, Porter stalls

Banks' headquarters in Winchester, Virginia, during the Civil War

Banks in his military uniform, c. 1861 (portrait by Mathew Brady)

August 29, 5–7 p.m., Kearny's attack, Hood vs. Hatch

Colonel Short's Villa in New Orleans Garden District was the residence of Major General Nathaniel P. Banks, U.S. Commander, Department of the Gulf

Stonewall Jackson's cannons on Henry House Hill

1860s map showing the Siege of Port Hudson

Confederate General Richard Taylor opposed Banks in Louisiana.

August 30, 4 p.m.: Start of Longstreet's attack

General Edward Canby succeeded Banks in Louisiana.

August 30, 4:30 p.m.: Union defense of Chinn Ridge

Statue of Banks by Henry Hudson Kitson in Waltham, Massachusetts

August 30, 5 p.m.: Final Confederate attacks, beginning of the Union retreat

Bridge crossed by the Union troops retreating to Centreville

Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862

<center>Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862</center>

<center>Virginia, Bull Run. Ruins of Stone Bridge, 1862</center>

<center>A group of men stand near the Manassas Railroad Junction railroad tracks in 1862 with a train in the background</center>

<center>A group of men near Manassas Railroad Junction in 1862</center>

<center>Men sit near the Manassas Junction railroad in 1862</center>

<center>Picking up debris of trains after Pope's retreat</center>

<center>Bull Run, Va. Dedication of the battle monument; Judge Abram B. Olin of the District of Columbia Supreme Court, who delivered the address, stands by the rail.</center>

Battle map drafted by Sneden, Robert Knox, with notes on Union and Confederate strengths, casualties, done in pen and ink and water color

Northern Virginia Campaign, August 7–28, 1862 Confederate
Union

It was the culmination of the Northern Virginia Campaign waged by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia against Union Maj. Gen. John Pope's Army of Virginia, and a battle of much larger scale and numbers than the First Battle of Bull Run (or First Manassas) fought on July 21, 1861 on the same ground.

- Second Battle of Bull Run

The Army of Virginia was constituted on June 26, 1862, by General Orders Number 103, from four existing departments operating around Virginia: Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont's Mountain Department, Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell's Department of the Rappahannock, Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks's Department of the Shenandoah, and Brig. Gen. Samuel D. Sturgis's brigade from the Military District of Washington.

- Army of Virginia

The entire army was soundly defeated at the Second Battle of Bull Run by Jackson, Longstreet, and Lee, and withdrew to the defensive lines of Washington, D.C. On September 12, 1862, the units of the Army of Virginia were merged into the Army of the Potomac and the Army of Virginia was never reconstituted.

- Army of Virginia

The II Corps, under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks

- Second Battle of Bull Run

In July, Maj. Gen John Pope was placed in command of the newly-formed Army of Virginia, which consisted of the commands of Banks, Irvin McDowell, and Franz Sigel.

- Nathaniel P. Banks

During the Second Battle of Bull Run, Banks was stationed with his corps at Bristoe Station and did not participate in the battle.

- Nathaniel P. Banks

3 related topics with Alpha

General Jackson at Winchester, Virginia 1862

Stonewall Jackson

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Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21, 1824 – May 10, 1863) served as a Confederate general (1861–1863) during the American Civil War, and became one of the best-known Confederate commanders, after Robert E. Lee.

First lieutenant Thomas J. Jackson sometime after West Point graduation in the late 1840s

House owned by Stonewall Jackson in Lexington

The Colonel Lewis T. Moore house, which served as the Winchester Headquarters of Lt. Gen. T. J. "Stonewall" Jackson (photo 2007)

General Jackson by Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau

Historical marker marking the end of Gen. Stonewall Jackson's pursuit of the Federals after the Battle of McDowell, May 12, 1862

Jackson and Little Sorrel, painting by David Bendann

The plantation office building where Stonewall Jackson died in Guinea Station, Virginia

In 1864 Jackson was memorialized on the Confederate $500 banknote.

Prayer in "Stonewall" Jackson's camp, 1866

A portrait of Stonewall Jackson (1864, J. W. King) in the National Portrait Gallery

General Lee's Last Visit to Stonewall Jackson's Grave, painting by Louis Eckhardt, 1872

The Stonewall Brigade, Dedicated to the Memory of Stonewall Jackson, the Immortal Southern Hero, and His Brave Veterans, Sheet music, 1863

Confederate Loan from March 2, 1863, Vignette with Jackson

Stonewall Jackson with the flag of the Confederate States in art in a stained glass window of the Washington National Cathedral

Davis, Lee, and Jackson on Stone Mountain

The Thomas Jonathan Jackson sculpture in downtown Charlottesville, Virginia

Statue of Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson in downtown Clarksburg, West Virginia

Bust of Jackson at the Washington-Wilkes Historical Museum

Stonewall Jackson statue in Richmond, Virginia being removed on July 1, 2020

In the Northern Virginia Campaign that summer, Jackson's troops captured and destroyed an important supply depot for General John Pope's Army of Virginia, and then withstood repeated assaults from Pope's troops at the Second Battle of Bull Run.

Gen. Irvin McDowell's large corps was poised to hit Richmond from the north, and Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks's army threatened the Shenandoah Valley.

Clockwise from top: Battle of Gettysburg

Union Captain John Tidball's artillery

Confederate prisoners

ironclad USS Atlanta (1861)

Ruins of Richmond, Virginia

Battle of Franklin

American Civil War

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Civil war in the United States between the Union (states that remained loyal to the federal union, or "the North") and the Confederacy (states that voted to secede, or "the South").

Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, aroused public opinion about the evils of slavery. According to legend, when Lincoln was introduced to her at the White House, his first words were, "So this is the little lady who started this Great War."

Frederick Douglass, a former slave, was a leading abolitionist

Marais des Cygnes massacre of anti-slavery Kansans, May 19, 1858

Mathew Brady, Portrait of Abraham Lincoln, 1860

The first published imprint of secession, a broadside issued by the Charleston Mercury, December 20, 1860

Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America (1861–1865)

Bombardment of the Fort by the Confederates

Rioters attacking a building during the New York anti-draft riots of 1863

Clashes on the rivers were melees of ironclads, cottonclads, gunboats and rams, complicated by naval mines and fire rafts.

Battle between the USS Monitor and USS Merrimack (1855)

General Scott's "Anaconda Plan" 1861. Tightening naval blockade, forcing rebels out of Missouri along the Mississippi River, Kentucky Unionists sit on the fence, idled cotton industry illustrated in Georgia.

Gunline of nine Union ironclads. South Atlantic Blockading Squadron off Charleston. Continuous blockade of all major ports was sustained by North's overwhelming war production.

A December 1861 cartoon in Punch magazine in London ridicules American aggressiveness in the Trent Affair. John Bull, at right, warns Uncle Sam, "You do what's right, my son, or I'll blow you out of the water."

County map of Civil War battles by theater and year

"Stonewall" Jackson got his nickname at Bull Run.

The Battle of Antietam, the Civil War's deadliest one-day fight.

Confederate dead overrun at Marye's Heights, reoccupied next day May 4, 1863

By 1863, the Union controlled large portions of the Western Theater, especially areas surrounding the Mississippi River

The Battle of Chickamauga, the highest two-day losses

Nathaniel Lyon secured St. Louis docks and arsenal, led Union forces to expel Missouri Confederate forces and government.

These dead soldiers—from Ewell's May 1864 attack at Spotsylvania—delayed Grant's advance on Richmond in the Overland Campaign.

Map of Confederate territory losses year by year

Burying Union dead on the Antietam battlefield, 1862

Through the supervision of the Freedmen's Bureau, northern teachers traveled into the South to provide education and training for the newly freed population.

Beginning in 1961 the U.S. Post Office released commemorative stamps for five famous battles, each issued on the 100th anniversary of the respective battle.

The Battle of Fort Sumter, as depicted by Currier and Ives.

Slave states that seceded before April 15, 1861 Slave states that seceded after April 15, 1861 Union states that permitted slavery (border states) Union states that banned slavery
Territories

US Secession map. The Union vs. the Confederacy.
Union states
Union territories not permitting slavery
Border Union states, permitting slavery (One of these states, West Virginia was created in 1863)
Confederate states
Union territories that permitted slavery (claimed by Confederacy) at the start of the war, but where slavery was outlawed by the U.S. in 1862

Abolition of slavery in the various states of the United States over time:Abolition of slavery during or shortly after the American Revolution
The Northwest Ordinance, 1787
Gradual emancipation in New York (starting 1799, completed 1827) and New Jersey (starting 1804, completed by Thirteenth Amendment, 1865)
The Missouri Compromise, 1821
Effective abolition of slavery by Mexican or joint US/British authority
Abolition of slavery by Congressional action, 1861
Abolition of slavery by Congressional action, 1862
Emancipation Proclamation as originally issued, January 1, 1863
Subsequent operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863
Abolition of slavery by state action during the Civil War
Operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1864
Operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1865
Thirteenth Amendment to the US constitution, December 18, 1865
Territory incorporated into the US after the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment

Oath to defend the Constitution of the United States and, among other promises, to "abide by and faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during the . . . rebellion having reference to slaves . . . ," signed by former Confederate officer Samuel M. Kennard on June 27, 1865

Employing audacity and rapid, unpredictable movements on interior lines, Jackson's 17,000 men marched 646 miles (1,040 km) in 48 days and won several minor battles as they successfully engaged three Union armies (52,000 men), including those of Nathaniel P. Banks and John C. Fremont, preventing them from reinforcing the Union offensive against Richmond.

The Northern Virginia Campaign, which included the Second Battle of Bull Run, ended in yet another victory for the South.

McClellan resisted General-in-Chief Halleck's orders to send reinforcements to John Pope's Union Army of Virginia, which made it easier for Lee's Confederates to defeat twice the number of combined enemy troops.

John Pope (military officer)

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Career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War.

He had a brief stint in the Western Theater, but he is best known for his defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas) in the East.

This inspired the Lincoln administration to bring him to the Eastern Theater to lead the newly formed Army of Virginia.

Lee, sensing that Pope was indecisive, split his smaller (55,000-man) army, sending Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson with 24,000 men as a diversion to Cedar Mountain, where Jackson defeated Pope's subordinate, Nathaniel Banks.