A report on Cardiac pacemaker, Electrical conduction system of the heart, Artificial cardiac pacemaker and Arrhythmia

An artificial cardiac pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the natural cardiac pacemaker) or just pacemaker is a medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to the chambers of the heart either the upper atria, or lower ventricles to cause the targeted chambers to contract and pump blood.

The pacemaking signal generated in the sinoatrial node travels through the right atrium to the atrioventricular node, along the Bundle of His and through bundle branches to cause contraction of the heart muscle.

By doing so, the pacemaker regulates the function of the electrical conduction system of the heart.

Sometimes an ectopic pacemaker sets the pace, if the SA node is damaged or if the electrical conduction system of the heart has problems.

Cardiac arrhythmias can cause heart block, in which the contractions lose any useful rhythm.

Dysfunction of the conduction system can cause irregular heart rhythms including rhythms that are too fast or too slow.

In humans, and sometimes in other animals, a mechanical device called an artificial pacemaker (or simply "pacemaker") may be used after damage to the body's intrinsic conduction system to produce these impulses synthetically.

Arrhythmias are due to problems with the electrical conduction system of the heart.

Treatments may include medications, medical procedures such as inserting a pacemaker, and surgery.

When an arrhythmia cannot be treated by medication an artificial pacemaker may be surgically inserted to control the conduction system.

The first of arrhythmia is a result of enhanced or abnormal impulse formation originating at the pacemaker or the His-Purkinje network.

Any events that were stored since the last follow-up, in particular arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation. These are typically stored based on specific criteria set by the physician and specific to the patient. Some devices have the availability to display intracardiac electrograms of the onset of the event as well as the event itself. This is especially helpful in diagnosing the cause or origin of the event and making any necessary programming changes.