A report on Artemisinin

Figure 1. Biosynthesis of Artemisinin
Artemisia annua

Artemisinin and its semisynthetic derivatives are a group of drugs used in the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum.

- Artemisinin
Figure 1. Biosynthesis of Artemisinin

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Semisynthesis of paclitaxel. Installation of the necessary side chain and acetyl group of paclitaxel by a short series of steps, starting from isolated 10-deacetylbaccatine III.

Semisynthesis

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Type of chemical synthesis that uses chemical compounds isolated from natural sources as the starting materials to produce novel compounds with distinct chemical and medicinal properties.

Type of chemical synthesis that uses chemical compounds isolated from natural sources as the starting materials to produce novel compounds with distinct chemical and medicinal properties.

Semisynthesis of paclitaxel. Installation of the necessary side chain and acetyl group of paclitaxel by a short series of steps, starting from isolated 10-deacetylbaccatine III.
An undesirable lactone ring in artemisinin is replaced by an acetal by reduction with potassium borohydride, followed by methoxylation.

Further examples of semisynthesis include the early commercial production of the anti-cancer agent paclitaxel from 10-deacetylbaccatin isolated from the needles of Taxus baccata (European yew), the preparation of LSD from ergotamine isolated from fungal cultures of ergot, and the semisynthesis of the antimalarial drug artemether from naturally-occurring artemisinin.

Artemotil

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Fast acting blood schizonticide specifically indicated for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria and cerebral malaria cases.

Fast acting blood schizonticide specifically indicated for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria and cerebral malaria cases.

It is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, a natural product of the Chinese plant Artemisia annua.

PATH (global health organization)

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International, nonprofit global health organization based in Seattle, with 1,600 employees in more than 70 countries around the world.

International, nonprofit global health organization based in Seattle, with 1,600 employees in more than 70 countries around the world.

PATH headquarters in Seattle

PATH's Drug Development program, which grew out of an affiliation with OneWorld Health, is advancing a new, semisynthetic form of the malaria drug artemisinin that will bolster the current, volatile botanical supply.

Photochemical immersion well reactor (50 mL) with a mercury-vapor lamp.

Photochemistry

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Branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light.

Branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light.

Photochemical immersion well reactor (50 mL) with a mercury-vapor lamp.
Jablonski diagram. Radiative paths are represented by straight arrows and non-radiative paths by curly lines.
Photochemical immersion well reactor (750 mL) with a mercury-vapor lamp
Schlenk tube containing slurry of orange crystals of Fe2(CO)9 in acetic acid after its photochemical synthesis from Fe(CO)5. The mercury lamp (connected to white power cords) can be seen on the left, set inside a water-jacketed quartz tube.
Norrish type II reaction

Photochemical production of artemisinin, anti-malaria drug.

Amorpha-4,11-diene

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Amorpha-4,11-diene is a precursor to artemisinin.

Anthelmintic

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Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host.

Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host.

Artemisinin – shows anthelmintic activity

Original and reconstitution of the statue traditionally identified as Artemisia, from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, now in the British Museum.

Artemisia II of Caria

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Naval strategist, commander and the sister (and later spouse) and the successor of Mausolus, ruler of Caria.

Naval strategist, commander and the sister (and later spouse) and the successor of Mausolus, ruler of Caria.

Original and reconstitution of the statue traditionally identified as Artemisia, from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, now in the British Museum.
Colossal statues of a man and a woman from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, traditionally identified as Artemisia II and Mausolos, around 350 BCE, British Museum.
Scale model of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Miniatürk, Istanbul.
Artemisia annua.
Artemisia Prepares to Drink the Ashes of her Husband, Mausolus (c.1630) by Francesco Furini.
Master Of The Story Of Griselda, Siena, 15th century, one of a series of heroes and heroines who behaved well to the opposite sex.
Rembrandt, about 1634 CE.
Gerrit van Honthorst, about 1635 CE, Princeton University Art Museum.
Erasmus Quellinus II, 1652 CE.
Domenico Fetti
Arnold Houbraken, before 1719 CE.
Johann Heinrich Tischbein, 1775 CE, Portrait of Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf, Queen Victoria's grandmother, as Artemesia.
Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, 1773–1780 CE.
Statue of Artemisia II in Versailles.

The anti-malarial drug Artemisinin, extracted from the plant variety Artemisia annua, is therefore indirectly derived from the name of Queen Artemisia II of Caria.