A report on Jainism and Ashtamangala

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).

Ashtamangala: first row (left to right): parasol, pair of golden fish, conch; second row: treasure vase, lotus; Last row: infinite knot, victory banner and wheel.

Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (transmigrating souls) in Jainism

Carved wooden door with 8 auspicious signs (Ashtamangala) in Nepal

Lord Neminatha, Akota Bronzes (7th century)

Jain miniature painting of 24 tirthankaras, Jaipur, c. 1850

Jain temple painting explaining Anekantavada with Blind men and an elephant

A Jain monk in meditation, wearing the characteristic white robe and face covering

Nishidhi stone, depicting the vow of sallekhana, 14th century, Karnataka

Auspicious symbol. Two Golden Fish. Likir Monastery, Ladakh

Praying at the feet of a statue of Bahubali

Jain worship may include ritual offerings and recitals.

Auspicious symbol. Lotus - Padma. Likir Monastery.

Celebrating Das Lakshana (Paryushana), Jain Center of America, New York City

The birth of Mahavira, from the Kalpa Sūtra (c.1375–1400 CE)

A symbol to represent the Jain community was chosen in 1975 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of Mahavira’s nirvana.

Rishabhdev, believed to have lived over 592.704×1018 years ago, is considered the traditional founder of Jainism.

The ruins of Gori Jain temples in Nagarparkar, Pakistan, a pilgrimage site before 1947.

Auspicious symbol - Victory Banner. Likir Monastery.

Adinath image with Ashtamangala placed in front of it, according to Digambara tradition

Ashtamangala, according to Svetambara tradition, on Jain manuscript cover, LACMA M.72.53.22 (from left) : Swastika, Vardhmanaka (food vessel), Pair of fish, Kalasha (pot), Bhadrasana (seat), Srivatsa, Nandavarta, Darpan (mirror)

Saavira Kambada Basadi, Moodbidri, Karnataka

The Ashtamangala is a sacred suite of Eight Auspicious Signs endemic to a number of religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism.

- Ashtamangala

The Ashtamangala is a set of eight auspicious symbols: in the Digambara tradition, these are chatra, dhvaja, kalasha, fly-whisk, mirror, chair, hand fan and vessel.

- Jainism

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Dharmachakra

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Ten Indus characters from the northern gate of Dholavira, dubbed the Dholavira Signboard.

Worshipers and Dharmachakra, Sanchi Stupa, South Face, West Pillar.

The original Lion Capital of Ashoka, from Sarnath. It originally supported a large dhamachakra on the top.

Wheel of the chariot of the sun, Konark Sun Temple.

The Emblem of India, featuring the Ashoka Chakra on the base panel representing the Dharmachakra

Jain illustration with dharmachakra and the motto Ahiṃsā Paramo Dharma (non-violence is the highest dharma).

Reconstitution of approximate layout of Sanchi at the time of the Mauryas, showing the pillar topped by a dharmachakra.

Sanchi pillar capital wheel reconstitution

Bharhut Stupa at the Indian Museum, Kolkata

Sandstone depiction, c. 2nd Century BCE, Bharhut, Indian Museum – Kolkata.

Illustrated reconstruction of the pinnacles at Bharhut by Alexander Cunningham

Eastern gateway of Bharhut stupa topped with a dharmachakra pinnacle

Buddha represented by Dharmacakra, Sanchi Stupa no. 3.

Dharmacakra on Pillar, Sanchi Stupa no. 3

Adoration of the pillar of Ashoka, Sanchi Stupa no. 3.

Amaravati Stupa relief at Museum in Chennai, India.

Limestone Pilaster, 2nd century CE, Amravati, Indian Museum, Kolkata.

Buddha footprints with dharmachakras, Archaeological Museum, Amaravati

Gandharan Stele illustrating the first sermon at Sarnath, 2nd century, Metropolitan Museum of Art.

A sculpture depicting the dharmachakra in the museum of Amaravathi

Taxila coin with wheel and Buddhist symbols

Coin found in Afghanistan, 50 BCE – c. 30 CE, at the latest before 50 CE.

Three Jewels, or Triratna. Eastern Afghanistan. Kushan period. 2–3 century.

Dharmachakra Pravartana Mudra, Gupta period, 5th CE.

Dhammacakka, National Museum, Bangkok, Thailand

Khao Klang Nai, Si Thep Historical Park, Thailand.

Mon dharmachakra, VII or IX century, Sandstone

Dharma wheel, Japan, Kamakura period, 1200s CE, bronze – Tokyo National Museum.

Part of a Buddha-statue, showing the first five disciples of the Buddha at Sarnath and dharmachakra.

Japanese dharmachakra, late 13th century.

Mandala Base, China, Ming dynasty, Cleveland Museum of Art.

Dharma wheel, China, Qing dynasty, Qianlong period, 1736–1795 CE.

Box with Ink Cakes: Yellow Ink Stick, China, Qing dynasty (1644–1912).

Garuda upholding the Dhammacakka, Wat Sri Suphan, Chiang Mai

Dhammacakka on Main Gable, Wat Phra Putthabat Tak Pha, Lamphun

The Emblem of Mongolia includes the dharmachakra, a cintamani, a padma, blue khata and the Soyombo symbol

The Emblem of Sri Lanka, featuring a blue dharmachakra as the crest

Emblem of the Supreme Court of India, which shows the dharmachakra on top of the Lion Capital. It was found broken during the excavations.

The Flag of India has the Ashoka Chakra at its center representing the Dharmachakra.

The flag of the former Kingdom of Sikkim featured a version of the Dharmachakra

Emblem of Central Tibetan Administration with Tibetan Buddhist style Dharmachakra

The dhammacakka flag, the symbol of Buddhism in Thailand

The seal of Thammasat University in Thailand consisting of a Constitution on phan with a twelve-spoked dhammacakkka

Colours of the National Scout Organization of Thailand

Flag used by the Indian Dalit Buddhist Movement

The insignia for Buddhist chaplains in the United States Armed Forces.

Wheel in Jain Symbol of Ahimsa represents dharmachakra

The original Lion Capital of Ashoka, from Sarnath. It originally supported a large dhamachakra on the top (reconstitution).

The dharmachakra (Sanskrit: धर्मचक्र; Pali: dhammacakka) or wheel of dharma is a widespread symbol used in South Asian religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, and especially Buddhism.

The pre-Buddhist dharmachakra (Pali: dhammacakka) is considered one of the ashtamangala (auspicious signs) in Hinduism and Buddhism and often used as a symbol of both faiths.

Fly-whisk

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Tool that is used to swat flies.

Chamara (fly-whisk) as regalia in Hindu-Buddhist iconography. 8th century Borobudur bas-relief.

Chamara used in Hindu puja (prayer rituals)

Orange-colored chauri used to fan Sikh scripture in respect

A fly-whisk is frequently seen as an attribute of Hindu, Jain, Daoist and Buddhist deities.

The fly-whisk is evident in some configurations of the Ashtamangala, employed in some traditions of murti puja, particularly Gaudiya Vaishnavism.

A chatra crowning Vāsudeva-Krishna on a coin of Agathocles of Bactria, circa 180 BCE.<ref>Osmund Bopearachchi, Emergence of Viṣṇu and Śiva Images in India: Numismatic and Sculptural Evidence, 2016.</ref>

Chatra (umbrella)

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Statue of a Bodhisattva crowned by a chatra, Mathura art

Umbrella with Eight Auspicious Motifs, circa 1st-2nd Century CE. Mathura Museum

Vishvakarman, Divine Architect of Vedas in a modern Hindu representation: note chhatra

A modern statue of Chandragupta Maurya under a chatra

The Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella (Nobapadol Mahasvetachatra) attached to a throne inside a hall in the Grand Palace, Bangkok. Only a crowned king can use an umbrella with nine-tiers, until then he must make do with only seven.

King Prajadhipok of Thailand signs a constitution within the Ananta Samakhom Hall. A large white chatra is seen nearby his throne.

A Saptapadol Mahasvetachatra (seven-tiered-white-umbrella) hangs over the urn of Princess Bejaratana Rajasuda of Thailand whilst the urn is being moved up to the Great Chariot of Victory, the seven-tiered umbrella denotes her rank as a royal princess.

Nobapadol Mahasvetachatra (nine-tiered-white-umbrella) over the funeral pyre of King Bhumibol Adulyadej.

Chatra kept in office of Tijara Jain temple, Rajasthan

The chhatra (from छत्र, meaning "umbrella") is an auspicious symbol in Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.

In Vajrayana Buddhism, the umbrella or parasol is included in the 'Eight Auspicious Signs' or Ashtamangala.

Swastika

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Ancient religious symbol, predominantly in various Eurasian, as well as some African and American cultures, now also widely recognized for its appropriation by the Nazi Party and by neo-Nazis.