A report on Tripura, Assam and Bengalis

The ancient political divisions of the Ganges delta.

Map of Eastern Bengal and Assam during 1907–1909

Parts of the Charyapada, a collection of ancient Buddhist hymns which mention the Bengalis, in display at the Rajshahi College Library.

A map of the British Indian Empire in 1909 during the partition of Bengal (1905–1911), showing British India in two shades of pink (coral and pale) and the princely states in yellow. The Assam Province (initially as the Province of Eastern Bengal and Assam) can be seen towards the north-eastern side of India.

Depiction of Gangaridai on a map by 11th-century polymath Ptolemy.

Neermahal Palace is the royal palace built by Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman of the Kingdom of Tripura.

Showing a historical incident at Kanaklata Udyan, Tezpur

Atiśa is recognised as one of the greatest figures of classical Buddhism, having inspired Buddhist thought from Tibet to Sumatra.

Queen Kanchan Prabha Devi who signed the instrument of accession to India as president of the Council of Regency.

Ghazi Pir is thought to have lived in the Sundarbans some time between the 12th to 13th century.

Rice is grown on Tripura's alluvial plains, which include lungas, the narrow valleys that are found mainly in the west of the state.

15th-century Portuguese painting of "Bengalis".

Blooming of Kopou Orchid marks the beginning of the festive season of Bihu in Assam.

The Bengali artillery at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.

A painting by Shaikh Muhammad Amir of Karraya displaying a syce of Bengal holding two carriage horses.

Ujjayanta Palace, built in the 19th century as a replacement for a former royal palace destroyed in an earthquake, was used until 2011 as the meeting place of Tripura's State Legislative Assembly.

People gathered at Kamakhya Temple for the Ambubachi Mela

A Bengali woman in Dhaka clad in fine Bengali muslin, 18th century.

Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council, pictured, encompasses much of the state

W.C. Bonnerjee, co-founder and first president of Indian National Congress.

Rice is the major crop in Tripura and accounts for 91 percent of the land under cultivation.

Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, the co-founder and inaugural president of the Awami League.

7th–8th century specimen of Assamese (Kamarupi) literature

Dean Mahomed is credited for introducing shampoo to the Europeans.

Large numbers of Bengalis have settled and established themselves in Banglatown.

The border post between Bangladesh and India in Akhaura

1. Tinskia 2. Dibrugarh 3. Dhemaji 4. Charaideo 5. Sivasagar 6.Lakhimpur 7. Majuli 8. Jorhat 9. Biswanath 10. Golaghat 11. Karbi Anglong 12. Sonitpur 13. Nagaon 14. Hojai 15. Karbi Anglong West 16. Dima Hasao 17. Cachar 18. Hailakandi 19. Karimganj 20. Morigaon 21. Udalguri 22. Darrang 23. Kamrup Metro 24. Baksa 25. Nalbari 26. Kamrup 27. Barpeta 28. Chirang 29. Bongaigaon 30. Goalpara 31. Kokrajhar 32. Dhubri 33. South Salmara Mankachar 34. Bajali

I'tisam-ud-Din was the first educated Bengali and South Asian to have travelled to Europe.

Classrooms built of bamboo in a school. In 2010–11, Tripura had 4,455 schools run by the state government or private organisations. Instruction is mainly in English or Bengali.

Regional dialects form one of the determiners to the social stratification of Bengalis.

Tripuri children preparing for a dance performance.

Bengali schoolboys in the port city of Chittagong.

A Tripuri girl in her traditional attire

East Pakistan refugees (since Bangladesh was not formed yet) coming to Tripura during Bangladesh liberation war.

The image represent's Dimaraji proposed state map

Durga Puja is the major festival of Tripura

A couple in traditional Tripuri costume.

A sculpture of the Nawab of Bengal's Royal Peacock Barge in Murshidabad.

Tripura girls in their traditional attire

A tea garden in Assam: tea is grown at elevations near sea level, giving it a malty sweetness and an earthy flavor, as opposed to the more floral aroma of highland (e.g. Darjeeling, Taiwanese) teas

A Bengali man sporting a simple black sherwani.

Assamese women busy planting paddy seedlings in their agricultural field in Pahukata village in the Nagaon district of Assam

Artistes from Purulia district of West Bengal performs Chhau dance

A group of 'Husori' for the occasion of Assamese Bohag Bihu in their traditional attire.

Satyajit Ray, eminent film director who has made Bengali films popular all over the world

Gitanjali intro featuring its author Rabindranath Tagore

The application of mehndi onto one's hand hosts a ceremony of itself during Bengali wedding seasons.

Girl in traditional Mekhela chador dress with a Dhol wrapped with Gamosa

A Bengali groom partaking in a supplication during his wedding.

A decorative Assamese Jaapi laid over a Gamosa

Qazi Azizul Haque is recognised for his contributions to the development of modern fingerprint biometrics, a discovery of worldwide importance.

Meghnad Saha, J C Bose, J C Ghosh, Snehamoy Dutt, S N Bose, D M Bose, N R Sen, J N Mukherjee, N C Nag

Mising girls dancing during Ali Ai Ligang (Spring Festival)

A sculpture honoring Fazlur Khan at the Willis Tower

Actors of Abinaswar Gosthi performs the play "Surjya Mandirot Surjyasta" directed by Dipok Borah

A lathi khela event taking place in Tangail.

A Nouka Baich competition taking place in the monsoon season.

An ethnic preparation of Ghost chili chicken curry of Assam

Mohammed Salim, the first South Asian footballer to play for a foreign club. Due to playing in bare feet, he is having them bandaged by Jimmy McMenemy in 1936.

Lakshminath Bezbaroa, one of the foremost figures of Assamese literature.

Cricketer Shakib Al Hasan is currently crowned the world's best all-rounder in all formats for ODI cricket, and one of the greatest of all times.

Imaginary portrait of Srimanta Sankardeva by Bishnu Prasad Rabha

School girls in the classroom, Lakhiganj High School, Assam

National Institute of Technology, Silchar

Jorhat Engineering College of Assam Science and Technology University

Statue of Bishnu Prasad Rabha, Jyoti Prasad Agarwala and Phani Sarma at District Library, Guwahati.

A folio from the Hastividyarnava manuscript

<center>A page of manuscript painting from Assam; The medieval painters used locally manufactured painting materials such as the colours of hangool and haital and papers manufactured from aloewood bark</center>

Bell metal made sorai and sophura are important parts of culture

The third-smallest state in the country, it covers 10491.69 km2 and is bordered by Bangladesh to the north, south, and west, and the Indian states of Assam and Mizoram to the east.

- Tripura

The current population is divided between the independent country Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and parts of Assam, Meghalaya and Manipur.

- Bengalis

The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur to the east; Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and Bangladesh to the south; and West Bengal to the west via the Siliguri Corridor, a 22 km wide strip of land that connects the state to the rest of India.

- Assam

According to the 2001 census of India, Bengalis represented almost 70 per cent of Tripura's population while the Tripuri population amounted to 30 per cent.

- Tripura

Durga Puja, a festival introduced and popularised by Bengalis, is widely celebrated across the state.

- Assam

4 related topics with Alpha

Bengal

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Geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predominantly covering present-day Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal.

On a clear day, the snowy peaks of the Himalayas in Nepal and Sikkim can be seen from northern Bangladesh and Darjeeling district of West Bengal

A 2015 census of Sundarbans Bengal tigers found 106 in Bangladesh and 76 in West Bengal.

Inscriptions on the Adina Mosque proclaim the builder Sikandar Shah as "the wisest, the most just, the most perfect and most liberal of the Sultans of Arabia, Persia and India."

A woman in Dhaka clad in fine Bengali muslin, 18th century.

The Battle of Plassey in 1757 ushered British rule

The former royal palace of Hill Tippera in Agartala

Shaheed Minar in Dhaka commemorates the 1952 Language Movement

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led Bengali's decade long independence struggle including the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971

Bangabhaban (the House of Bengal) is the official residence of the president of Bangladesh

Writers' Building, the official seat of the Government of West Bengal

Biman Bangladesh Airlines is the largest airline based in the Bengal region

New Mooring Terminal, Port of Chittagong

The strategically important city of Chittagong is home to the busiest port on the Bay of Bengal

A silver coin with Proto-Bengali script, 9th century

Rabindranath Tagore, known as the Bengali Shakespeare, being hosted at the Parliament of Iran in the 1930s

Bangladeshi paintings on sale at an art gallery in Dhaka

Bungalows originated from Bengali architecture

A sculpture on Fazlur Rahman Khan at the Sears Tower in the United States

A Baul musician. The Baul ballads of Bengal are classified by UNESCO as humanity's intangible cultural heritage

A mustard and date palm farm in West Bengal

Kanchenjunga from Singalila National Park, West Bengal

Gangaridai in Ptolemy's map, 1st century

At its greatest extent, the Bengal Sultanate's realm and protectorates stretched from Jaunpur in North India in the west to Tripura and Arakan in the east

Colonial Eastern Bengal and Assam, early 20th century

Flag of the Bengal Subah (15-18th Century)

Flag of Bengal Presidency, under British rule

Flag of Bangladesh during Bangladesh Liberation War and after

Today, Bengal is divided between Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal; the historical region encompassed the modern-day states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Assam, among others in India, and some parts of Myanmar or Burma (Rakhine State).

The predominant ethnolinguistic group is the Bengali people, who speak the Indo-Aryan language of Bengali.

Bengali peoples also have a significant presence in the Indian states of Tripura, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Uttarakhand, and others.

Mizoram

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State in Northeast India, with Aizawl as its seat of government and capital city.

One of the many battles between British troops and British-aligned tribes of Mizoram against a Lusei clan in Mizoram. This sketch is by Lieutenant Cole in 1889 titled "Looshai expedition".

Mizoram Peace Accord was signed in June 1986. The Accord granted political freedoms by making Mizoram a full state of India, and included infrastructure provisions such as a High Court and establishment of Mizoram University (shown).

Mizoram produces over 7 million tonnes of Anthurium (shown), supplying the domestic market as well as exporting it to UAE, UK and Japan. The majority of producers and income earners from this business are Mizoram women.

Darkhuang, Zamluang or jamluang – a traditional musical instrument found in Mizoram.Other instruments include khuang (drum), dar (cymbals), as well as bamboo-based phenglawng, tuium and tawtawrawt.

Within India's northeast region, it is the southernmost landlocked state, sharing borders with three of the Seven Sister States, namely Tripura, Assam and Manipur.

Sometime in the 16th century CE, the first batch of Mizo crossed Tiau River and settled in Mizoram and they were called as Kukis by Bengalis.

Bengali Hindus

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Devi Durga Sculpture by Sandalwood. Found in Murshidabad, West Bengal. Now kept in Indian Museum, Kolkata.

Dancing Ganesha sculpture from North Bengal, 11th century CE, Asian Art Museum of Berlin (Dahlem).

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, the founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism

Swami Vivekananda was a leading figure of the Bengal Renaissance Vivekananda at the Parliament of the World's Religions (1893)

Signature dish of Bengali: Fish And Rice.

Savitri-Satyavan story on Kalighat Painting, 3rd quarter of the 19th century.

Durga Puja, the largest festival of Bengali Hindus

Rath Yatra at Dhamrai in Dhaka district, Bangladesh

The Bengali Hindu diaspora celebrate Durga Puja all over the world.

Ichhai Ghosher Deul at Gourangapur in Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal. (India)

Dhakeshwari Temple in Dhaka. (Bangladesh)

Baro-chala Buro Shiva temple at Jalshara in Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal. (India)

Devi Manasa with her husband Jaratkaru & son Astik flanked by Nagas, 11th century Pala period statue from Bengal

Bengali Hindus (বাঙ্গালী হিন্দু/বাঙালি হিন্দু) are an ethnoreligious population who make up the majority in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Jharkhand, and Assam's Barak Valley region.

In India, they tend to identify themselves as Bengalis while in Bangladesh they tend to identify themselves as Hindus.

The Raj, however, carried out some restructuring, and carved out Bengali Hindu majority districts like Manbhum, Singbhum, Santal Pargana and Purnia awarding them to Bihar and others like Cachar that were awarded to Assam, which effectively made the Bengali Hindus a minority in the united province of Bengal.

Bengali language

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Indo-Aryan language native to the Bengal region of South Asia.

Present-day distribution of Indo-European languages in Eurasia. Bengali belongs to easternmost spoken Indo-European language family

Indo- Iranian language family, Bengali marked yellow

The descent of proto-Gauda, the ancestor of the modern Bengali language, from the proto-Gauda-Kamarupa line of the proto-Magadhan(Magadhi Prakrit).

Silver coin of Maharaj Gaudeshwar Danujmardandev of Deva dynasty, circa 1417

Silver coin with proto-Bengali script, Harikela Kingdom, circa 9th–13th century

A mural with Bengali letters in Hamtramck-Detroit, United States

An example of handwritten Bengali. Part of a poem written in Bengali (and with its English translation below each Bengali paragraph) by Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore in 1926 in Hungary

An 1855 Dobhashi manuscript of Halat-un-Nabi written by Sadeq Ali using the Sylheti Nagri script.

A map of Bengal (and some districts of Assam and Jharkhand) which shows the dialects of the Bengali language.
Eastern Bengali Manbhumi dialect
Varendri dialect Rarhi dialect
Sundarbani dialect
Rajbanshi dialect/language*
Chittagonian dialect/language*
Sylheti dialect/language*
(those marked with an asterisk * are sometimes considered dialects or sometimes as separate languages)

Within India, Bengali is the official language of the states of West Bengal, Tripura and the Barak Valley region of the state of Assam.

The Bengali Language Movement was a popular ethno-linguistic movement in the former East Bengal (today Bangladesh), which was a result of the strong linguistic consciousness of the Bengalis to gain and protect spoken and written Bengali's recognition as a state language of the then Dominion of Pakistan.