A report on Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan and Balkh

Aurangzeb holding a hawk in c. 1660
Portrait of Shah Jahan in c. 1630
A painting from c. 1637 shows the brothers (left to right) Shah Shuja, Aurangzeb and Murad Baksh in their younger years.
Shah Jahan, accompanied by his three sons: Dara Shikoh, Shah Shuja and Aurangzeb, and their maternal grandfather Asaf Khan IV
Map showing Balkh (here indicated as Bactres), the capital of Bactria during the Hellenistic Age
The Mughal Army under the command of Aurangzeb recaptures Orchha in October 1635.
Rosette bearing the names and titles of Shah Jahan
Trapusa and Bahalika, two merchants from Balkh, offering food to the Buddha. Modern Burmese depiction.
A painting from Padshahnama depicts Prince Aurangzeb facing a maddened war elephant named Sudhakar.
The Taj Mahal, the burial place of Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz Mahal
A silver dirham of the Umayyad Caliphate, minted at Balkh al-Baida in AH 111 (=729/30 AD).
Sepoys loyal to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb maintain their positions around the palace, at Aurangabad, in 1658.
The Submission of Rana Amar Singh of Mewar to Prince Khurram, Tuzk-e-Jahangiri.
The Green Mosque of Balkh
Aurangzeb becomes emperor.
Shah Jahan on horseback (during his youth).
A street in Balkh with several horse carts, c. 1970s
Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb in early 18th century
Shah Jahan at his Durbar, from the Windsor Padshahnama, c. 1657
Remains of a Hellenistic capital found in Balkh
Aurangzeb compiled Hanafi law by introducing the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri.
Shah Jahan the Great Mogul
Ambassador from Balkh (白題國 Baitiguo) to the Tang dynasty, Wanghuitu (王會圖), circa 650 CE.
Aurangzeb holding a flywhisk
Throne of king Shah Jahan, Red Fort, Delhi
Aurangzeb seated on a golden throne holding a Hawk in the Durbar. Standing before him is his son, Azam Shah.
Painting of Shah Jahan hunting Asiatic lions at Burhanpur, present-day Madhya Pradesh, from 1630
Aurangzeb Receives Prince Mu'azzam. Chester Beatty Library
Shah Jahan and his eldest son Dara Shikoh.
Dagger (Khanjar) of Aurangzeb (Badshah Alamgir).
The Passing of Shah Jahan
Manuscript of the Quran, parts of which are believed to have been written in Aurangzeb's own hand.
The actual tombs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan in the lower level of Taj Mahal
The Birthday of the Grand Mogul Aurangzeb, made 1701–1708 by Johann Melchior Dinglinger.
Red Fort
Josiah Child requests a pardon from Aurangzeb during the Anglo-Mughal War.
The elegant Naulakha Pavilion at the Lahore Fort was built during the reign of Shah Jahan.
By 1690, Aurangzeb was acknowledged as: "emperor of the Mughal Sultanate from Cape Comorin to Kabul".
Agra Fort
Aurangzeb spent his reign crushing major and minor rebellions throughout the Mughal Empire.
Shah Jahan and the Mughal Army return after attending a congregation in the Jama Masjid, Delhi.
The tomb of Akbar was pillaged by Jat rebels during the reign of Aurangzeb.
Lahore's Wazir Khan Mosque is considered to be the most ornate Mughal-era mosque.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dani |first=A. H. |date=2003 |chapter=The Architecture of the Mughal Empire (North-Western Regions) |editor-last1=Adle |editor-first1=Chahryar |editor-last2=Habib |editor-first2=Irfan |editor2-link=Irfan Habib |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia |volume=V |chapter-url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001302/130205e.pdf |publisher=UNESCO |page=524 |isbn=978-92-3-103876-1}}</ref>
Aurangzeb leads the Mughal Army during the Battle of Satara.
Moti Masjid (Red Fort)
Raja Shivaji at Aurangzeb's Darbar- M V Dhurandhar
Finial, Tamga of the Mughal Empire (combining a crescent and a spear pendant with the word Allah).
Aurangzeb reciting the Quran.
Gold Mohur from Akbarabad (Agra)
Aurangzeb dispatched his personal imperial guard during the campaign against the Satnami rebels.
Silver rupee coin of Shah Jahan, from Patna.
Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Delhi is built at the place where Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded.
Copper Dam from Daryakot mint
Zafarnama is the name given to the letter sent by the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh in 1705 to Aurangzeb. The letter is written in Persian script.
Silver Rupee from Multan
Aurangzeb in a pavilion with three courtiers below.
Bibi Ka Maqbara, the mausoleum of Aurangzeb's wife Dilras Banu Begum, was commissioned by him
Aurangzeb's tomb in Khuldabad, Maharashtra.
Aurangzeb reading the Quran
The unmarked grave of Aurangzeb in the mausoleum at Khuldabad, Maharashtra.
Tughra and seal of Aurangzeb, on an imperial firman
In the year 1689, according to Mughal accounts, Sambhaji was put on trial, found guilty of atrocities and executed.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=J. L. |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: Volume One: 1707{{snd}}1813 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA50 |access-date=29 September 2012 |date=2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |pages=50–}}</ref><ref name="google2">{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Burton |author-link=Burton Stein |year=2010 |orig-year=First published 1998 |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=David |editor-link=David Arnold (historian) |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA180 |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |edition=2nd |page=180 |isbn=978-1-4051-9509-6}}</ref>
Guru Tegh Bahadur was publicly executed in 1675 on the orders of Aurangzeb in Delhi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html |title=A Gateway to Sikhism {{!}} Sri Guru Tegh Bhadur Sahib |website=Gateway to Sikhism |access-date=28 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327223831/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html#12 |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Sarmad Kashani, a Jewish convert to Islam and Sufi mystic was accused of heresy and executed.<ref name="David Cook 2007">{{cite book |last=Cook |first=David |author-link=David Cook (historian) |year=2007 |title=Martyrdom in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=80 |isbn=978-0-521-85040-7}}</ref>
Daulatabad cannon
Kalak Bangadi cannon.
One of the Daulatabad cannons
Kilkila cannon
Aurangabad cannon
Seventeenth-century Badshahi Masjid built by Aurangzeb in Lahore.
Bibi ka Maqbara.
Tomb of Sufi saint, Syed Abdul Rahim Shah Bukhari constructed by Aurangzeb.
Shawls manufactured in the Mughal Empire had highly influenced other cultures around the world.
Shawl makers in the Mughal Empire.
Mughal imperial carpet
March of the Great Moghul (Aurangzeb)
François Bernier, was a French physician and traveller, who for 12 years was the personal physician of Aurangzeb. He described his experiences in Travels in the Mughal Empire.
Map of the Mughal Empire by Vincenzo Coronelli (1650–1718) of Venice, who served as Royal Geographer to Louis XIV of France.
French map of the Deccan.
Half rupee
Rupee coin showing full name
Rupee with square area
A copper dam of Aurangzeb
A Mughal trooper in the Deccan.
Aurangzeb leads his final expedition (1705), leading an army of 500,000 troops.
Mughal-era aristocrat armed with a matchlock musket.
Aurangzeb, in later life, hunting with hounds and falconers

He held administrative and military posts under his father Shah Jahan ((r.

- Aurangzeb

This nomination led to a succession crisis among his three sons, after which Shah Jahan's third son Aurangzeb ((r.

- Shah Jahan

In 1647, Shah Jahan moved Aurangzeb from Gujarat to be governor of Balkh, replacing a younger son, Murad Baksh, who had proved ineffective there.

- Aurangzeb

The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan fruitlessly fought them there for several years in the 1640s.

- Balkh

Balkh was the government seat of Aurangzeb in his youth.

- Balkh

His cultural and political initial steps have been described as a type of the Timurid Renaissance, in which he built historical and political bonds with his Timurid heritage mainly via his numerous unsuccessful military campaigns on his ancestral region of Balkh.

- Shah Jahan
Aurangzeb holding a hawk in c. 1660

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