A report on Lahore, Pakistan and Aurangzeb

The Lava Temple at the Lahore Fort dates from the Sikh period, and is dedicated to the Hindu deity Lava

A painting from c. 1637 shows the brothers (left to right) Shah Shuja, Aurangzeb and Murad Baksh in their younger years.

The Data Darbar shrine, one of Pakistan's most important, was built to commemorate the patron saint of Lahore, Ali Hujwiri, who lived in the city during the Ghaznavid era in the 11th century.

Indus Priest King Statue from Mohenjo-Daro.

The Mughal Army under the command of Aurangzeb recaptures Orchha in October 1635.

The Neevin Mosque is one of Lahore's few remaining medieval era buildings.

A painting from Padshahnama depicts Prince Aurangzeb facing a maddened war elephant named Sudhakar.

Standing Buddha from Gandhara, Greco-Buddhist art, 1st–2nd century AD.

Sepoys loyal to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb maintain their positions around the palace, at Aurangabad, in 1658.

Lahore's Wazir Khan Mosque is considered to be the most ornately decorated Mughal-era mosque.

The Begum Shahi Mosque was completed in 1614 in honour of Jahangir's mother, Mariam-uz-Zamani.

Clock Tower, Faisalabad, built by the British government in the 19th century

Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb in early 18th century

The iconic Alamgiri Gate of the Lahore Fort was built in 1674, and faces Aurangzeb's Badshahi Mosque.

Queen Elizabeth II was the last monarch of independent Pakistan, before it became a republic in 1956.

Aurangzeb compiled Hanafi law by introducing the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri.

Wazir Khan Mosque painting by William Carpenter, 1866.

Signing of the Tashkent Declaration to end hostilities with India in 1965 in Tashkent, USSR, by President Ayub alongside Bhutto (centre) and Aziz Ahmed (left)

The Sunehri Mosque was built in the Walled City of Lahore in the early 18th century, when the Mughal Empire was in decline.

President George W. Bush meets with President Musharraf in Islamabad during his 2006 visit to Pakistan.

Aurangzeb seated on a golden throne holding a Hawk in the Durbar. Standing before him is his son, Azam Shah.

The Tomb of Asif Khan was one of several monuments plundered for its precious building materials during the Sikh period.

The Friday Prayers at the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore

Aurangzeb Receives Prince Mu'azzam. Chester Beatty Library

Lahore's Hazuri Bagh is at the centre of an ensemble of Mughal and Sikh era monuments, including the Badshahi Mosque, Lahore Fort, Roshnai Gate, and the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh.

A satellite image showing the topography of Pakistan

Dagger (Khanjar) of Aurangzeb (Badshah Alamgir).

The marble Hazuri Bagh Baradari was built in 1818 to celebrate Ranjit Singh's acquisition of the Koh-i-Noor diamond.

Köppen climate classification of Pakistan

Manuscript of the Quran, parts of which are believed to have been written in Aurangzeb's own hand.

The Birthday of the Grand Mogul Aurangzeb, made 1701–1708 by Johann Melchior Dinglinger.

The Shah Alami area of Lahore's Walled City in 1890

Josiah Child requests a pardon from Aurangzeb during the Anglo-Mughal War.

Having been constructed in the immediate aftermath of the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, the design of the Lahore Railway Station was highly militarised in order to defend the structure from any further potential uprisings against British rule.

By 1690, Aurangzeb was acknowledged as: "emperor of the Mughal Sultanate from Cape Comorin to Kabul".

The Mall, Lahore's pre-independence commercial core, features many examples of colonial architecture.

President of Pakistan Ayub Khan with US President John F. Kennedy in 1961

Aurangzeb spent his reign crushing major and minor rebellions throughout the Mughal Empire.

Sections of the Walled City of Lahore have been under restoration since 2012 in conjunction with the Agha Khan Trust for Culture.

Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan at the 2019 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit

The tomb of Akbar was pillaged by Jat rebels during the reign of Aurangzeb.

Pakistan Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai signing the Treaty of Friendship Between China and Pakistan. Pakistan is host to China's largest embassy.

Aurangzeb leads the Mughal Army during the Battle of Satara.

The area around the Wazir Khan Mosque exemplifies the Walled City's urban form

The areas shown in green are the Pakistani-controlled areas.

Raja Shivaji at Aurangzeb's Darbar- M V Dhurandhar

Built in 2012, Grand Jamia Mosque in Southern Lahore is a blend of Mughal and modern architecture.

Hunza Valley in the Gilgit-Baltistan region is part of Pakistani-controlled Kashmir.

A syncretic architectural style that blends Islamic, Hindu, and Western motifs took root during the colonial era, as shown at Aitchison College.

Pakistan Air Force's JF-17 Thunder flying in front of the 26660 ft Nanga Parbat

Aurangzeb dispatched his personal imperial guard during the campaign against the Satnami rebels.

Much of old Lahore features colonial-era buildings, such as the Tollinton Market.

Statue of a bull outside the Pakistan Stock Exchange, Islamabad, Pakistan

Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Delhi is built at the place where Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded.

Lahore's Lawrence Garden was laid in 1862.

Surface mining in Sindh. Pakistan has been termed the 'Saudi Arabia of Coal' by Forbes.

Zafarnama is the name given to the letter sent by the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh in 1705 to Aurangzeb. The letter is written in Persian script.

Television assembly factory in Lahore. Pakistan's industrial sector accounts for about 20.3% of the GDP, and is dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises.

Aurangzeb in a pavilion with three courtiers below.

Rising skyline of Karachi with several under construction skyscrapers.

Bibi Ka Maqbara, the mausoleum of Aurangzeb's wife Dilras Banu Begum, was commissioned by him

The Orange Line is Pakistan's first metro rail line.

Lake Saiful Muluk, located at the northern end of the Kaghan Valley, near the town of Naran in the Saiful Muluk National Park.

Aurangzeb's tomb in Khuldabad, Maharashtra.

Badshahi Mosque was commissioned by the Mughals in 1671. It is listed as a World Heritage Site.

The Azadi Chowk is located near the Badshahi Mosque.

Tarbela Dam, the largest earth filled dam in the world, was constructed in 1968.

The unmarked grave of Aurangzeb in the mausoleum at Khuldabad, Maharashtra.

Pakistan produced 1,135 megawatts of renewable energy for the month of October 2016. Pakistan expects to produce 3,000 megawatts of renewable energy by the beginning of 2019.

Tughra and seal of Aurangzeb, on an imperial firman

Lahore Canal during the spring Basant festival

The motorway passes through the Salt Range mountains

In the year 1689, according to Mughal accounts, Sambhaji was put on trial, found guilty of atrocities and executed.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=J. L. |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: Volume One: 1707{{snd}}1813 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA50 |access-date=29 September 2012 |date=2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |pages=50–}}</ref><ref name="google2">{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Burton |author-link=Burton Stein |year=2010 |orig-year=First published 1998 |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=David |editor-link=David Arnold (historian) |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA180 |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |edition=2nd |page=180 |isbn=978-1-4051-9509-6}}</ref>

Guru Tegh Bahadur was publicly executed in 1675 on the orders of Aurangzeb in Delhi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html |title=A Gateway to Sikhism {{!}} Sri Guru Tegh Bhadur Sahib |website=Gateway to Sikhism |access-date=28 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327223831/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html#12 |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Port of Karachi is one of South Asia's largest and busiest deep-water seaports, handling about 60% of the nation's cargo (25 million tons per annum)

Sarmad Kashani, a Jewish convert to Islam and Sufi mystic was accused of heresy and executed.<ref name="David Cook 2007">{{cite book |last=Cook |first=David |author-link=David Cook (historian) |year=2007 |title=Martyrdom in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=80 |isbn=978-0-521-85040-7}}</ref>

University of Engineering and Technology, Main Block.

Track of Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metrobus with adjoining station

Central Library of University of Sargodha

Malala Yousafzai at the Women of the World festival in 2014.

Seventeenth-century Badshahi Masjid built by Aurangzeb in Lahore.

Tomb of Sufi saint, Syed Abdul Rahim Shah Bukhari constructed by Aurangzeb.

Pakistan hosts the second largest refugee population globally after Turkey. An Afghan refugee girl near Tarbela Dam

Shawls manufactured in the Mughal Empire had highly influenced other cultures around the world.

Faisal Mosque, built in 1986 by Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay on behalf of King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia

Havana at Shri Hinglaj Mata temple shakti peetha, the largest Hindu pilgrimage centre in Pakistan. The annual Hinglaj Yathra is attended by more than 250,000 people.

François Bernier, was a French physician and traveller, who for 12 years was the personal physician of Aurangzeb. He described his experiences in Travels in the Mughal Empire.

Map of the Mughal Empire by Vincenzo Coronelli (1650–1718) of Venice, who served as Royal Geographer to Louis XIV of France.

Truck art is a distinctive feature of Pakistani culture.

People in traditional clothing in Neelum District

Muhammad Iqbal, Pakistan's national poet who conceived the idea of Pakistan

The Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam is part of Pakistan's Sufi heritage.

Minar-e-Pakistan is a national monument marking Pakistan's independence movement.

Aurangzeb leads his final expedition (1705), leading an army of 500,000 troops.

Located on the bank of Arabian Sea in Karachi, Port Grand is one of the largest food streets of Asia.

Mughal-era aristocrat armed with a matchlock musket.

Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore is the 3rd largest cricket stadium in Pakistan with a seating capacity of 27,000 spectators.

Aurangzeb, in later life, hunting with hounds and falconers

Pakistan playing against Argentina in 2005.

Gaddafi Stadium is one of the largest stadiums of Pakistan with a capacity of 27,000 spectators.

Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab, is Pakistan's 2nd largest city after Karachi, and is the 26th largest city in the world.

- Lahore

In June 1626, after an unsuccessful rebellion by his father, eight-year-old Aurangzeb and his brother Dara Shikoh were sent to the Mughal court in Lahore as hostages of their grandfather Jahangir and his wife, Nur Jahan, as part of their father's pardon deal.

- Aurangzeb

In the region of modern-day Pakistan, key cities during the Mughal period were Lahore and Thatta, both of which were chosen as the site of impressive Mughal buildings.

- Pakistan

Shah Jahan's son, and last of the great Mughal Emperors, Aurangzeb, further contributed to the development of Lahore.

- Lahore

Jinnah had developed a close association with the ulama and upon his death was described by one such alim, Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, as the greatest Muslim after Aurangzeb and as someone who desired to unite the Muslims of the world under the banner of Islam.

- Pakistan

In Pakistan, author Haroon Khalid writes that, "Aurangzeb is presented as a hero who fought and expanded the frontiers of the Islamic empire" and "is imagined to be a true believer who removed corrupt practices from religion and the court, and once again purified the empire."

- Aurangzeb

3 related topics with Alpha

Maratha Empire

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Early modern Indian confederation that came to dominate much of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century.

The Maratha Empire in 1758 with the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Mughal Empire as its vassals

Maratha Empire at its peak in 1760 (Yellow)

Mahadaji Shinde restored the Maratha domination of northern India

A mural depicting the British surrender during the First Anglo-Maratha War. The mural is a part of the Victory Memorial (Vijay Stambh) located at Vadgaon Maval, Pune.

Peshwa Madhavrao II in his court in 1790, concluding a treaty with the British

Battle of Assaye during the Second Anglo-Maratha War

Peshwa Baji Rao II signing of the Treaty of Bassein with the British

Pratapgad fort, one of the earliest forts administered by Shivaji.

Gold coins minted during Shivaji's era, 17th century.

Maratha Gurabs ships attacking a British East India Company ship

Maratha Empire at its peak in 1759 (orange)

To nullify the alliance between his rebel son, Akbar, and the Marathas, Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb headed south in 1681.

Balaji Bajirao encouraged agriculture, protected the villagers and brought about a marked improvement in the state of the territory. Raghunath Rao, brother of Nanasaheb, pushed into the wake of the Afghan withdrawal after Ahmed Shah Abdali's plunder of Delhi in 1756. Delhi was captured by the Maratha army under Raghunath Rao in August 1757, defeating the Afghan garrison in the Battle of Delhi. This laid the foundation for the Maratha conquest of North-west India. In Lahore, as in Delhi, the Marathas were now major players. After the Battle of Attock, 1758, the Marathas captured Peshawar defeating the Afghan troops in the Battle of Peshawar on 8 May 1758.

In May 1758, the Maratha Empire reaches its zenith with the capture of Peshawar (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan), during its conquest of North-western India.

Punjab

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Taxila in Pakistan is a World Heritage Site

Menander I Soter (165/155 – 130 BCE), conqueror of the Punjab, carved out a Greek kingdom in the Punjab and ruled the Punjab until his death in 130BC.

A section of the Lahore Fort built by the Mughal emperor Akbar

Dominant Mother Tongue in each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census

Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ; ; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India.

1658–1707: Mohiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir

Historically, Lahore has been the capital of the Punjab region and continues to be the most populous city in the region at 11 million cities' proper population.