A report on Marathi people, Maratha Empire and Aurangzeb

Territory under Maratha control in 1760 (yellow), without its vassals

A watercolor painting of Pune from the late Peshwa era as seen from the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers, by British artist Henry Salt. The picture clearly shows the permanent features of the place and cremations. River confluences have been popular in Hinduism for cremations and also for ceremonial disposal of ashes

The Maratha Empire in 1758 with the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Mughal Empire as its vassals

A painting from c. 1637 shows the brothers (left to right) Shah Shuja, Aurangzeb and Murad Baksh in their younger years.

A replica Killa (fort) presented by a family at a Maharashtra Mandal Diwali program in United States

Maratha Empire at its peak in 1760 (Yellow)

The Mughal Army under the command of Aurangzeb recaptures Orchha in October 1635.

Deepmala Deep Stamb in Omkareshwar Temple in Pune

A painting from Padshahnama depicts Prince Aurangzeb facing a maddened war elephant named Sudhakar.

A Marathi household shrine with Khandoba at the forefront

Sepoys loyal to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb maintain their positions around the palace, at Aurangabad, in 1658.

Naivedya (Food offering) for the ancestors during a Pitru paksha ceremony

Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb in early 18th century

Dnyaneshwar palakhi on its way to Pandharpur

Aurangzeb compiled Hanafi law by introducing the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri.

Woman playing Zimma on the night of a Mangala Gauri celebration in the Month of Shravan

Aurangzeb seated on a golden throne holding a Hawk in the Durbar. Standing before him is his son, Azam Shah.

Mahadaji Shinde restored the Maratha domination of northern India

Aurangzeb Receives Prince Mu'azzam. Chester Beatty Library

A clay idol of Ganesh being immersed in water at the conclusion of the annual Ganeshotsav on the 11th day or Anant Chaturdashi

A mural depicting the British surrender during the First Anglo-Maratha War. The mural is a part of the Victory Memorial (Vijay Stambh) located at Vadgaon Maval, Pune.

Dagger (Khanjar) of Aurangzeb (Badshah Alamgir).

Women performing Bhondla dance during the festival of Navratri

Peshwa Madhavrao II in his court in 1790, concluding a treaty with the British

Manuscript of the Quran, parts of which are believed to have been written in Aurangzeb's own hand.

Devotees showering turmeric powder (bhandara) on each other at Khandoba Temple in Jejuri during Champa Shashthi.

Battle of Assaye during the Second Anglo-Maratha War

The Birthday of the Grand Mogul Aurangzeb, made 1701–1708 by Johann Melchior Dinglinger.

Traditional Sesame seed based sweets for Makar Sankrant

Peshwa Baji Rao II signing of the Treaty of Bassein with the British

Josiah Child requests a pardon from Aurangzeb during the Anglo-Mughal War.

Shimga being celebrated on the port of Harne on the Konkan coast

By 1690, Aurangzeb was acknowledged as: "emperor of the Mughal Sultanate from Cape Comorin to Kabul".

Bullock cart race at a Jatra in Manchar, Maharashtra

Pratapgad fort, one of the earliest forts administered by Shivaji.

Aurangzeb spent his reign crushing major and minor rebellions throughout the Mughal Empire.

A simple Maharashtrian meal with bhaaji, bhakari, raw onion and pickle

The tomb of Akbar was pillaged by Jat rebels during the reign of Aurangzeb.

A typical Diwali plate of snack (faral ). Clockwise from top: chakli, kadboli, shev, gaathi, chivda and in the center are yellow besan and white rava ladu.

Gold coins minted during Shivaji's era, 17th century.

Aurangzeb leads the Mughal Army during the Battle of Satara.

Princess Indira Raje (1892-1968) of Baroda as a young girl with her mother,
Chimnabai II, wearing a 'Nauvari', a traditional Maharashtrian sari

Raja Shivaji at Aurangzeb's Darbar- M V Dhurandhar

Maratha Gurabs ships attacking a British East India Company ship

Aurangzeb dispatched his personal imperial guard during the campaign against the Satnami rebels.

Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Delhi is built at the place where Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded.

Zafarnama is the name given to the letter sent by the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh in 1705 to Aurangzeb. The letter is written in Persian script.

Maratha Empire at its peak in 1759 (orange)

Aurangzeb in a pavilion with three courtiers below.

Bibi Ka Maqbara, the mausoleum of Aurangzeb's wife Dilras Banu Begum, was commissioned by him

Aurangzeb's tomb in Khuldabad, Maharashtra.

The unmarked grave of Aurangzeb in the mausoleum at Khuldabad, Maharashtra.

Tughra and seal of Aurangzeb, on an imperial firman

In the year 1689, according to Mughal accounts, Sambhaji was put on trial, found guilty of atrocities and executed.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=J. L. |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: Volume One: 1707{{snd}}1813 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA50 |access-date=29 September 2012 |date=2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |pages=50–}}</ref><ref name="google2">{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Burton |author-link=Burton Stein |year=2010 |orig-year=First published 1998 |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=David |editor-link=David Arnold (historian) |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA180 |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |edition=2nd |page=180 |isbn=978-1-4051-9509-6}}</ref>

Guru Tegh Bahadur was publicly executed in 1675 on the orders of Aurangzeb in Delhi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html |title=A Gateway to Sikhism {{!}} Sri Guru Tegh Bhadur Sahib |website=Gateway to Sikhism |access-date=28 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327223831/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html#12 |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Sarmad Kashani, a Jewish convert to Islam and Sufi mystic was accused of heresy and executed.<ref name="David Cook 2007">{{cite book |last=Cook |first=David |author-link=David Cook (historian) |year=2007 |title=Martyrdom in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=80 |isbn=978-0-521-85040-7}}</ref>

Seventeenth-century Badshahi Masjid built by Aurangzeb in Lahore.

Tomb of Sufi saint, Syed Abdul Rahim Shah Bukhari constructed by Aurangzeb.

Shawls manufactured in the Mughal Empire had highly influenced other cultures around the world.

François Bernier, was a French physician and traveller, who for 12 years was the personal physician of Aurangzeb. He described his experiences in Travels in the Mughal Empire.

Map of the Mughal Empire by Vincenzo Coronelli (1650–1718) of Venice, who served as Royal Geographer to Louis XIV of France.

Aurangzeb leads his final expedition (1705), leading an army of 500,000 troops.

Mughal-era aristocrat armed with a matchlock musket.

Aurangzeb, in later life, hunting with hounds and falconers

The Marathi community came into political prominence in the 17th century, when the Maratha Empire was established under Shivaji; the Marathas are credited to a large extent for ending Mughal rule over India.

- Marathi people

Although at present, the word Maratha refers to a particular caste of warriors and peasants, in the past the word has been used to describe all Marathi people.

- Maratha Empire

Shivaji's son Sambhaji, also his successor as Chhatrapati, led the Maratha Empire valiantly against the much stronger Mughal opponent, but in 1689, after being betrayed, Sambhaji was captured, tortured and killed by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.

- Marathi people

To nullify the alliance between his rebel son, Akbar, and the Marathas, Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb headed south in 1681.

- Maratha Empire

Many of them were Marathas and Rajputs, who were his political allies.

- Aurangzeb

Immediately after Bahadur Shah occupied the throne, the Maratha Empire – which Aurangzeb had held at bay, inflicting high human and monetary costs even on his own empire – consolidated and launched effective invasions of Mughal territory, seizing power from the weak emperor.

- Aurangzeb

4 related topics with Alpha

Shivaji

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Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan.

South India at the turn of the 17th century

An early-20th-century painting by Sawlaram Haldankar of Shivaji fighting the Bijapuri general Afzal Khan

A 20th century depiction of Shivaji's surprise attack on Mughal general Shaista Khan in Pune by M.V. Dhurandhar

Raja Jai Singh of Amber receiving Shivaji a day before concluding the Treaty of Purandar

20th century depiction by M.V. Dhurandhar of Raja Shivaji at the court of Mughal Badshah, Aurangzeb.

Statue of Shivaji opposite Gateway of India in South Mumbai

20th century depiction of the Coronation Durbar with over 100 characters depicted in attendance by M.V. Dhurandhar

Sambhaji, Shivaji's elder son who succeeded him

Sajjangad, where Samarth Ramdas was invited by Shivaji to reside, is now a place of pilgrimage.

Suvela Machi, view of southern sub-plateaux, as seen from Ballekilla, Rajgad

Sindudurg Fort provided anchorages for Shivaji's Navy

An early-20th-century painting by M. V. Dhurandhar of Shivaji and Baji Prabhu at Pawan Khind

A miniature Bronze statue of Shivaji Maharaj in the collection of the Shri Bhavani Museum of Aundh

A replica of Raigad Fort built by children on occasion of Diwali as a tribute to Shivaji.

Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur which formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire.

Shivaji's father Shahaji Bhonsle was a Maratha general who served the Deccan Sultanates.

Shivaji offered his assistance to Aurangzeb who then, was the Mughal viceroy of the Deccan and son of the Mughal emperor, in conquering Bijapur in return for formal recognition of his right to the Bijapuri forts and villages under his possession.

Adil Shahi dynasty

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Shia, and later Sunni Muslim, dynasty founded by Yusuf Adil Shah, that ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur, centred on present-day Bijapur district, Karnataka in India, in the Western area of the Deccan region of Southern India from 1489 to 1686.

Sultan Ali Adil Shah II hunting a tiger, c 1660

A painting of "The House of Bijapur" was completed in the year 1680, during the reign of Sikandar Adil Shah the last ruler of the Adil Shahi dynasty.

Chand Bibi, the regent of Bijapur (1580–90)

A manuscript depicting the ruler of Bijapur in the year 1591, Ibrahim Adil Shah II.

The Bijapur Sultanate was absorbed into the Mughal Empire on 12 September 1686, after its conquest by the Emperor Aurangzeb.

The Sultanate was thereafter relatively stable, although it was damaged by the revolt of Shivaji, whose father was Maratha commander in the service of Adil Shah.

Shivaji founded an independent Maratha Kingdom which went on to become the Maratha Empire, one of the largest empires in India, just before the British conquered India.

Pune

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Seventh most populous city in India and the second-largest city in the state of Maharashtra, with an estimated population of 7.4 million It has been ranked "the most liveable city in India" several times.

The circular Nandi mandapa at the Pataleshwar cave temple built in the Rashtrakuta era (753-982)

Skyscrapers under construction in Pune South

An equestrian statue of Peshwa Baji Rao I outside Shaniwar Wada. He expanded the Maratha Empire in north India c. 1730.

British Government House, Ganesh Khind, Poona (c. 1875)

Vetal Hill Panorama, a prominent hill in Pune. Elevation c. 800 m

Tulshibaug Lane in Pune, a busy shopping hub of Pune

Baner, when it was a recently developed suburb of Pune.

Hadapsar, a recently developed suburb of Pune.

Volkswagen India Plant and offices in Pune

Deccan college houses the museums of Maratha history and Indian archaeology

Ganpati procession by Jnana Prabodhini school

Khadakwasla reservoir, the main source of water for the city

Jnana Prabodhini Prashala, Sadashiv Peth, Pune

Savitribai Phule Pune University headquarters. During the British era, the building served as the Monsoon residence for the Governor of the Bombay Presidency.

An EMU on the Pune–Lonavla suburban line

B. J. Medical College, Pune was established in 1878 and is associated with the Sassoon Hospital.

In the 18th century, the city was the seat of the Peshwas, the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire, and one of the most important political centres in the Indian subcontinent.

Mughal emperor Aurangzeb renamed the city Muhiyabad (the only divergent naming) some time between 1703 and 1705 in memory of his great-grandson Muhi-ul-Milan, who died there.

It changed hands several times between the Mughals and the Marathas in the period 1680 to 1705.

Sambhaji

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Watan Patra (grant document), by Chh. Sambhaji

Sambhaji Bhosale (14 May 1657 – 11 March 1689) was the second Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire, ruling from 1681 to 1689.

Sambhaji was born into a Marathi Hindu family at Purandar fort to the Maratha ruler Shivaji, and his first wife Saibai, who died when he was two years old and he was raised by his paternal grandmother Jijabai.

He and his father Shivaji attended the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb's court at Agra on 12 May 1666.