A report on SindhPakistan and Aurangzeb

Aurangzeb holding a hawk in c. 1660
A painting from c. 1637 shows the brothers (left to right) Shah Shuja, Aurangzeb and Murad Baksh in their younger years.
The Priest-King from Mohenjo-daro, 4000 years old, in the National Museum of Pakistan
Indus Priest King Statue from Mohenjo-Daro.
The Mughal Army under the command of Aurangzeb recaptures Orchha in October 1635.
Extent and major sites of the Indus Valley Civilization in pre-modern Pakistan and India 3000 BC
A painting from Padshahnama depicts Prince Aurangzeb facing a maddened war elephant named Sudhakar.
Excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro
Standing Buddha from Gandhara, Greco-Buddhist art, 1st–2nd century AD.
Sepoys loyal to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb maintain their positions around the palace, at Aurangabad, in 1658.
Sindh captured by the Umayyads:
Badshahi Mosque, Lahore
Aurangzeb becomes emperor.
Makli Hill is one of the largest necropolises in the world.
Clock Tower, Faisalabad, built by the British government in the 19th century
Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb in early 18th century
Sindh became part of the Bombay Presidency in 1909.
Queen Elizabeth II was the last monarch of independent Pakistan, before it became a republic in 1956.
Aurangzeb compiled Hanafi law by introducing the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri.
Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar
Signing of the Tashkent Declaration to end hostilities with India in 1965 in Tashkent, USSR, by President Ayub alongside Bhutto (centre) and Aziz Ahmed (left)
Aurangzeb holding a flywhisk
Devotee at Panchmukhi Hanuman Temple in Karachi
President George W. Bush meets with President Musharraf in Islamabad during his 2006 visit to Pakistan.
Aurangzeb seated on a golden throne holding a Hawk in the Durbar. Standing before him is his son, Azam Shah.
Peninsula of Manora
The Friday Prayers at the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore
Aurangzeb Receives Prince Mu'azzam. Chester Beatty Library
Sindhri is among top 10 mango varieties in the world
A satellite image showing the topography of Pakistan
Dagger (Khanjar) of Aurangzeb (Badshah Alamgir).
Sindh ibex in Kirthar National Park
Köppen climate classification of Pakistan
Manuscript of the Quran, parts of which are believed to have been written in Aurangzeb's own hand.
Indus river dolphin
Parliament House
The Birthday of the Grand Mogul Aurangzeb, made 1701–1708 by Johann Melchior Dinglinger.
Lansdowne Railway Bridge
Prime Minister's Office
Josiah Child requests a pardon from Aurangzeb during the Anglo-Mughal War.
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Supreme Court of Pakistan
By 1690, Aurangzeb was acknowledged as: "emperor of the Mughal Sultanate from Cape Comorin to Kabul".
A view of Karachi downtown, the capital of Sindh province
President of Pakistan Ayub Khan with US President John F. Kennedy in 1961
Aurangzeb spent his reign crushing major and minor rebellions throughout the Mughal Empire.
Qayoom Abad Bridge Karachi
Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan at the 2019 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit
The tomb of Akbar was pillaged by Jat rebels during the reign of Aurangzeb.
Navalrai Market Clock Tower Hyderabad
Pakistan Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai signing the Treaty of Friendship Between China and Pakistan. Pakistan is host to China's largest embassy.
Aurangzeb leads the Mughal Army during the Battle of Satara.
Sukkur skyline along the shores of the River Indus
The areas shown in green are the Pakistani-controlled areas.
Raja Shivaji at Aurangzeb's Darbar- M V Dhurandhar
Dayaram Jethmal College (D.J. College), Karachi in the 19th century
Hunza Valley in the Gilgit-Baltistan region is part of Pakistani-controlled Kashmir.
Aurangzeb reciting the Quran.
National Academy of Performing Arts, Karachi
Pakistan Air Force's JF-17 Thunder flying in front of the 26660 ft Nanga Parbat
Aurangzeb dispatched his personal imperial guard during the campaign against the Satnami rebels.
Children in a rural area of Sindh, 2012
Statue of a bull outside the Pakistan Stock Exchange, Islamabad, Pakistan
Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Delhi is built at the place where Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded.
Sant Nenuram Ashram
Surface mining in Sindh. Pakistan has been termed the 'Saudi Arabia of Coal' by Forbes.
Zafarnama is the name given to the letter sent by the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh in 1705 to Aurangzeb. The letter is written in Persian script.
Archaeological ruins at Moenjodaro, Sindh, Pakistan
Television assembly factory in Lahore. Pakistan's industrial sector accounts for about 20.3% of the GDP, and is dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises.
Aurangzeb in a pavilion with three courtiers below.
The ruins of an ancient mosque at Bhambore
Rising skyline of Karachi with several under construction skyscrapers.
Bibi Ka Maqbara, the mausoleum of Aurangzeb's wife Dilras Banu Begum, was commissioned by him
Sindhi women collecting water from a reservoir on the way to Mubarak Village
Lake Saiful Muluk, located at the northern end of the Kaghan Valley, near the town of Naran in the Saiful Muluk National Park.
Aurangzeb's tomb in Khuldabad, Maharashtra.
Huts in the Thar desert
Badshahi Mosque was commissioned by the Mughals in 1671. It is listed as a World Heritage Site.
Aurangzeb reading the Quran
Caravan of merchants in the Indus River Valley
Tarbela Dam, the largest earth filled dam in the world, was constructed in 1968.
The unmarked grave of Aurangzeb in the mausoleum at Khuldabad, Maharashtra.
Sukkur Bridge
Pakistan produced 1,135 megawatts of renewable energy for the month of October 2016. Pakistan expects to produce 3,000 megawatts of renewable energy by the beginning of 2019.
Tughra and seal of Aurangzeb, on an imperial firman
Gorakh Hill Station
The motorway passes through the Salt Range mountains
In the year 1689, according to Mughal accounts, Sambhaji was put on trial, found guilty of atrocities and executed.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=J. L. |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: Volume One: 1707{{snd}}1813 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA50 |access-date=29 September 2012 |date=2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |pages=50–}}</ref><ref name="google2">{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Burton |author-link=Burton Stein |year=2010 |orig-year=First published 1998 |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=David |editor-link=David Arnold (historian) |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA180 |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |edition=2nd |page=180 |isbn=978-1-4051-9509-6}}</ref>
Faiz Mahal, Khairpur
Karachi Cantonment railway station
Guru Tegh Bahadur was publicly executed in 1675 on the orders of Aurangzeb in Delhi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html |title=A Gateway to Sikhism {{!}} Sri Guru Tegh Bhadur Sahib |website=Gateway to Sikhism |access-date=28 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327223831/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html#12 |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Ranikot Fort, one of the largest forts in the world
Port of Karachi is one of South Asia's largest and busiest deep-water seaports, handling about 60% of the nation's cargo (25 million tons per annum)
Sarmad Kashani, a Jewish convert to Islam and Sufi mystic was accused of heresy and executed.<ref name="David Cook 2007">{{cite book |last=Cook |first=David |author-link=David Cook (historian) |year=2007 |title=Martyrdom in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=80 |isbn=978-0-521-85040-7}}</ref>
Chaukhandi tombs
Orange Line Metro Train, Lahore
Daulatabad cannon
Remains of 9th century Jain temple in Bhodesar near Nagarparkar.
Track of Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metrobus with adjoining station
Kalak Bangadi cannon.
Karachi Beach
Nagan Chowrangi Flyover, Karachi
One of the Daulatabad cannons
Qasim fort
Central Library of University of Sargodha
Kilkila cannon
Kot Diji
Literacy rate in Pakistan 1951–2018
Aurangabad cannon
Bakri Waro Lake, Khairpur
Malala Yousafzai at the Women of the World festival in 2014.
Seventeenth-century Badshahi Masjid built by Aurangzeb in Lahore.
National Museum of Pakistan
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Bibi ka Maqbara.
Kirthar National Park
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Tomb of Sufi saint, Syed Abdul Rahim Shah Bukhari constructed by Aurangzeb.
alt=Karoonjhar Mountains, Tharparkar|Karoonjhar Mountains, Tharparkar
Pakistan hosts the second largest refugee population globally after Turkey. An Afghan refugee girl near Tarbela Dam
Shawls manufactured in the Mughal Empire had highly influenced other cultures around the world.
Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta
Kalma Underpass, Lahore
Shawl makers in the Mughal Empire.
Tomb of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
Faisal Mosque, built in 1986 by Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay on behalf of King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia
Mughal imperial carpet
Keenjhar Lake
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March of the Great Moghul (Aurangzeb)
Lal Shahbaz Qalandar
Havana at Shri Hinglaj Mata temple shakti peetha, the largest Hindu pilgrimage centre in Pakistan. The annual Hinglaj Yathra is attended by more than 250,000 people.
François Bernier, was a French physician and traveller, who for 12 years was the personal physician of Aurangzeb. He described his experiences in Travels in the Mughal Empire.
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Map of the Mughal Empire by Vincenzo Coronelli (1650–1718) of Venice, who served as Royal Geographer to Louis XIV of France.
Sacred Heart Cathedral, Lahore
French map of the Deccan.
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Half rupee
Truck art is a distinctive feature of Pakistani culture.
Rupee coin showing full name
People in traditional clothing in Neelum District
Rupee with square area
Muhammad Iqbal, Pakistan's national poet who conceived the idea of Pakistan
A copper dam of Aurangzeb
The Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam is part of Pakistan's Sufi heritage.
A Mughal trooper in the Deccan.
Minar-e-Pakistan is a national monument marking Pakistan's independence movement.
Aurangzeb leads his final expedition (1705), leading an army of 500,000 troops.
Located on the bank of Arabian Sea in Karachi, Port Grand is one of the largest food streets of Asia.
Mughal-era aristocrat armed with a matchlock musket.
Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore is the 3rd largest cricket stadium in Pakistan with a seating capacity of 27,000 spectators.
Aurangzeb, in later life, hunting with hounds and falconers
President George W. Bush meets with President Musharraf in Islamabad during his 2006 visit to Pakistan.
Minar-e-Pakistan is a national monument marking Pakistan's independence movement.

Sindh (سنڌ;, ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan.

- Sindh

He jointly administrated the provinces of Multan and Sindh in 1648–1652 and continued expeditions into the neighboring Safavid territories.

- Aurangzeb

At its zenith, the Rai Dynasty (489–632 CE) of Sindh ruled this region and the surrounding territories.

- Pakistan

In the year 1701, the Kalhora Nawabs were authorized in a firman by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb to administer subah Sindh.

- Sindh

Jinnah had developed a close association with the ulama and upon his death was described by one such alim, Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, as the greatest Muslim after Aurangzeb and as someone who desired to unite the Muslims of the world under the banner of Islam.

- Pakistan

In Pakistan, author Haroon Khalid writes that, "Aurangzeb is presented as a hero who fought and expanded the frontiers of the Islamic empire" and "is imagined to be a true believer who removed corrupt practices from religion and the court, and once again purified the empire."

- Aurangzeb

3 related topics with Alpha

Overall

Punjab

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Taxila in Pakistan is a World Heritage Site
Menander I Soter (165/155 – 130 BCE), conqueror of the Punjab, carved out a Greek kingdom in the Punjab and ruled the Punjab until his death in 130BC.
A section of the Lahore Fort built by the Mughal emperor Akbar
The Punjab, 1849
The Punjab, 1880
Punjab Province (British India), 1909
The snow-covered Himalayas
Ethnic Punjabis in India and Pakistan
Dominant Mother Tongue in each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census
Lahore Fort, Lahore
Golden Temple, Amritsar
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Chandigarh
Punjab, Pakistan
Punjab, India, 2014
Haryana, India
Himachal Pradesh, India
Badshahi Mosque, Lahore
Golden Temple, Amritsar
Clock Tower, Faisalabad
Aerial view of Multan Ghanta Ghar chawk
Open Hand monument, Chandigarh
Faisal Masjid (Margalla Hills)
Anupgarh fort in Anupgarh city
Bhatner fort in Hanumangarh city
Phulkari embroidery from Patiala
Bahu Fort, Jammu

Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ; ; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India.

It bordered the Balochistan and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa regions to the west, Kashmir to the north, the Hindi Belt to the east, and Rajasthan and Sindh to the south.

1658–1707: Mohiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir

South Asia

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Southern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms.

Southern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms.

Various definitions of South Asia, including the definition by UNSD which was created for "statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories."
United Nations cartographic map of South Asia. However, the United Nations does not endorse any definitions or area boundaries.
While South Asia had never been a coherent geopolitical region, it has a distinct geographical identity
Indus Valley Civilisation during 2600–1900 BCE, the mature phase
The Trimurti is the trinity of supreme divinity in Hinduism, typically Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer
Outreach of influence of early medieval Chola dynasty
Timur defeats the Sultan of Delhi, Nasir-u Din Mehmud, in the winter of 1397–1398
Emperor Shah Jahan and his son Prince Aurangzeb in Mughal Court, 1650
British Indian Empire in 1909. British India is shaded pink, the princely states yellow.
South Asia's Köppen climate classification map is based on native vegetation, temperature, precipitation and their seasonality.
Ethno-linguistic distribution map of South Asia
Mumbai is the financial capital of India with GDP of $400 billion
GDP per capita development in South Asia
Durbar High School, oldest secondary school of Nepal, established in 1854 CE
Lower class school in Sri Lanka
College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan
IInstitute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Nepal
Child getting vaccine in Bangladesh under the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)
A weekly child examination performed at a hospital in Farah, Afghanistan

The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;

Islam came as a political power in the fringe of South Asia in 8th century CE when the Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh, and Multan in Southern Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan.

Under Aurangzeb's rule, South Asia reached its zenith, becoming the world's largest economy and biggest manufacturing power, estimated over 25% of world GDP, a value higher than China's and entire Western Europe's one.

Maratha Empire

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Early modern Indian confederation that came to dominate much of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century.

Early modern Indian confederation that came to dominate much of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century.

The Maratha Empire in 1758 with the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Mughal Empire as its vassals
Maratha Empire at its peak in 1760 (Yellow)
Maratha kingdom in 1680 (yellow)
A portrait of Shivaji Maharaj
Sambhaji, eldest son of Shivaji
Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath
Peshwa Baji Rao I
Peshwa Balaji Bajirao
Peshwa Madhavrao I
Mahadaji Shinde restored the Maratha domination of northern India
A mural depicting the British surrender during the First Anglo-Maratha War. The mural is a part of the Victory Memorial (Vijay Stambh) located at Vadgaon Maval, Pune.
Peshwa Madhavrao II in his court in 1790, concluding a treaty with the British
Battle of Assaye during the Second Anglo-Maratha War
Peshwa Baji Rao II signing of the Treaty of Bassein with the British
Maratha king of Gwalior at his palace
Pratapgad fort, one of the earliest forts administered by Shivaji.
Maratha darbar or court.
Gold coins minted during Shivaji's era, 17th century.
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Maratha Gurabs ships attacking a British East India Company ship
Arms of Maratha
Ramchandra Pant Amatya
Thanjavur Maratha palace
Maratha Empire at its peak in 1759 (orange)
Maratha Empire in 1760 (yellow)
Maratha Empire in 1765 (yellow)
Maratha Empire in 1795 (yellow)
Maratha Empire in 1805
Maratha Princely States in 1823

To nullify the alliance between his rebel son, Akbar, and the Marathas, Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb headed south in 1681.

In May 1758, the Maratha Empire reaches its zenith with the capture of Peshawar (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan), during its conquest of North-western India.

The Maratha Empire at its zenith,expanded from Afghanistan in the north to Thanjavur in the south, Sindh in the west to Bengal in the east.