Austro-Prussian War
Fought in 1866 between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia, with each also being aided by various allies within the German Confederation.
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Kingdom of Prussia
German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.
Attempts to create a federation remained unsuccessful and the German Confederation collapsed in 1866 when war ensued between its two most powerful member states, Prussia and Austria.
Otto von Bismarck
Conservative German statesman and diplomat.
Bismarck provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France.
Austria
Landlocked country in the southern part of Central Europe, situated at Eastern Alps.
The Austrian Empire's defeat in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 led to the end of the Confederation and paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary a year later.
Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
Prussian field marshal.
He commanded troops in Europe and the Middle East, commanding during the Second Schleswig War, Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War.
Third Italian War of Independence
War between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire fought between June and August 1866.
The conflict paralleled the Austro-Prussian War and resulted in Austria conceding the region of Venetia (present-day Veneto, Friuli and the city of Mantua, the last remnant of the Quadrilatero) to France, which were later annexed by Italy after a plebiscite.
Electorate of Hesse
Landgraviate whose prince was given the right to elect the Emperor by Napoleon.
It consisted of several detached territories to the north of Frankfurt, which survived until the state was annexed by Prussia in 1866 following the Austro-Prussian War.
Duchy of Nassau
Independent state between 1806 and 1866, located in what is now the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse.
After being occupied and annexed into the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866 following the Austro-Prussian War, it was incorporated into the Province of Hesse-Nassau.
Schleswig-Holstein
Northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig.
Also following the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, section five of the Peace of Prague stipulated that the people of Northern Schleswig would be consulted in a referendum on whether to remain under Prussian rule or return to Danish rule.
German Confederation
Association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe.
The Confederation was finally dissolved after the victory of the Kingdom of Prussia in the Seven Weeks' War over the Austrian Empire in 1866.
North German Confederation
German confederated state that existed from July 1867 to December 1870.
The Confederation came into existence after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 over the lordship of two small Danish duchies (Schleswig-Holstein) claimed by Prussia in 1866.