A report on Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Erie Canal and Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

B&O's Columbian crossing the Potomac River at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, 1949
Map of planned route.
Erie Canal map c. 1840
Cornerstone of the B&O, laid July 4, 1828, by Charles Carroll of Carrollton, now displayed at the B&O Railroad Museum
A boat on the canal, circa 1900-1924
Aqueduct over the Mohawk River at Rexford, one of 32 navigable aqueducts on the Erie Canal
Carrollton Viaduct
Canal boats waiting to be unloaded in Georgetown.
The Mohawk Valley, running east and west, cuts a natural pathway (water gap) between the Catskill Mountains to the south and the Adirondack Mountains to the north.
Share of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-Road Company, issued 26. July 1856; signed by Johns Hopkins as president pro. tem.
Low-angle bird's-eye view of central Washington toward the west and northwest with The Capitol in foreground. The Canal is visible running along the mall.
Profile of the original canal
Advertisement for the Baltimore and Ohio in an 1864 Baltimore city directory, promoting its repairs and reopening at one point during the war.
C&O Canal in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C.
Operations at Lockport, New York, in 1839
Table of Cumberland Coal shipped over B&O Railroad and C&O Canal, 1842–1865
Boat construction yard in Cumberland, MD
Stonework of lock abandoned because of route change, at Durhamville, New York
Blockade of engines at Martinsburg, West Virginia, during strike in 1877
Map of Terminus in Cumberland in the mid 1890s. Yellow dots indicate modern highways as well as current (2013) location of Canal basin.
An original five-step lock structure crossing the Niagara Escarpment at Lockport, now without gates and used as a cascade for excess water
1876 B&O map
Register of waybills in the Cumberland Office, in 1858. Each canal boat had to have a waybill, even if empty, for passage through the canal. Fines were levied for lack of a waybill.
Erie Canal lock in Lockport, New York
B&O route map of 1891
5 and 10 dollar notes, from C&O Canal company
1853 map of New York canals emboldened, center: the Erie Canal; other lines: railroads, rivers and county borders
B&O headquarters building on North Charles Street in Baltimore
Floodwaters around Lock 6 in 1936
Lithograph of the Erie Canal at Lockport, New York c. 1855. Published for Herrman J. Meyer, 164 William Street, New York City.
B&O stock certificate, 1903
Great Falls feeder culvert (no longer used) indicated by yellow arrow(14.08 mi), and Lock 18 (R).
Aqueduct over Nine Mile Creek north of Camillus, New York, built in 1841 and abandoned c. 1918; one of 32 navigable aqueducts on the Erie Canal, it has since been restored.
Replacement of retaining wall of B&O in Hazelwood, Pittsburgh, 1906
Boat at Big Slackwater
Upstream view of the downstream lock at Lock 32, Pittsford, New York
B&O roundhouse complex, Martinsburg, West Virginia.
An informal overflow. The towpath dips, allowing water to flow over it. Note the boards in the background for people to walk on.
Map of the "Water Level Routes" of the New York Central Railroad (purple), West Shore Railroad (red) and Erie Canal (blue)
The Ellicott City Station near Baltimore, the oldest passenger station in the U.S., is now a museum devoted the B&O's role in the Civil War.
Paw Paw Tunnel
Rochester, New York, aqueduct c. 1890
Scenes of the B&O Railroad. Decorative title page for Ele Bowen, Rambles in the Path of the Steam-Horse, 1855
Remains of the inclined plane
Two "low" lift bridges in Lockport, New York, July 2010
Twelve and a half cent note issued by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company in 1841.
Culvert #30 lets Muddy Branch under the canal
The modern Erie Canal has 34 locks, which are painted with the blue and gold colors of the New York State Canal System.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad system map, circa 1961
Repairs at Big Pool
Gateway Harbor in North Tonawanda, about 1000 ft from the present-day western terminus of the Erie Canal where it connects to the Niagara River
Mules being fed.
The Old Erie Canal and its towpath at Kirkville, New York, within Old Erie Canal State Historic Park
A steamboat on the C&O Canal. Note the steering wheel and the smokestack on this boat
Buffalo's Erie Canal Commercial Slip in Spring 2008
Children tethered to canal boat. This photo was probably taken in one of the Cumberland basins.
Erie Canal Lock 18, Cohoes, New York
Model interior of a C&O Canal freight boat
Old Erie Canal State Historic Park, DeWitt, New York
Recent view of the 9 mile level (between 33 and 34 miles) where the ghosts were reported to haunt.
The modern single lock at the Niagara Escarpment
Monocacy aqueduct in 2011, where the ghost of a robber could allegedly be seen on moonless nights

The railroad faced competition from several existing and proposed enterprises, including the Albany-Schenectady Turnpike, built in 1797, the Erie Canal, which opened in 1825, and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal.

- Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

Construction on the 184.5 mi canal began in 1828 and ended in 1850 with the completion of a 50 mi stretch to Cumberland, although the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad had already reached Cumberland in 1842.

- Chesapeake and Ohio Canal

The Erie Canal, built between 1817 and 1825, threatened traders south of New York City, who began to seek their own transportation infrastructure to link the burgeoning areas west of the Appalachian Mountains to mid-Atlantic markets and ports.

- Chesapeake and Ohio Canal

In time, projects were devised in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and relatively deep into the coastal states.

- Erie Canal

In Maryland, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ran west to Wheeling, West Virginia, then a part of Virginia, also on the Ohio River, and was completed in 1853.

- Erie Canal

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