A report on Esophageal cancer, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus and Esophagus

Endoscopic image of an esophageal adenocarcinoma

X-ray showing radiocontrast from the stomach (white material below diaphragm) entering the esophagus (three vertical collections of white material in the mid-line of the chest) due to severe reflux

Endoscopic image of Barrett's esophagus, which is the area of dark reddish-brown mucosa at the base of the
esophagus. (Biopsies showed intestinal metaplasia.)

The digestive tract, with the esophagus marked in red

Esophageal cancer (lower part) as a result of Barrettʼs esophagus

Frontal view of severe tooth erosion in GERD.

Histopathology of Barrett's esophagus, showing intestinalized epithelium with goblet cells, as opposed to normal stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus, and pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the fundus of the stomach. The submucosa displays an infiltrate including lymphocytes and plasma cells, constituting an underlying chronic inflammation. The area between the stratified and the intestinalized epithelium displays reactive changes, but there is no secondary dysplasia in this case. H&E stain.

The esophagus is constricted in three places.

Esophageal cancer as shown by a filling defect during an upper GI series

In incomplete Barrett's esophagus, there are both foveolar cells and goblet cells, the latter (indicated by arrows) usually having a slightly bluish color compared to the apical cytoplasm of foveolar cells on H&E stain. An occasional but specific sign of goblet cells is crescent shaped nuclei (seen in middle one).

A mass seen during an endoscopy and an ultrasound of the mass conducted during the endoscopy session.

A comparison of a healthy condition to GERD

Micrograph showing Barrett's esophagus - columnar epithelia with goblet cells - on the left side of image; and normal stratified squamous epithelium on the right side of image Alcian blue stain

Endoscopic image of peptic stricture, or narrowing of the esophagus near the junction with the stomach: This is a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and can be a cause of dysphagia or difficulty swallowing.

High-magnification micrograph of Barrett's esophagus showing the characteristic goblet cells, Alcian blue stain

Endoscopic view of Barrett's esophagus showing location of biopsies for screening using the Seattle protocol

Typical scar lines after the two main methods of surgery

Barrettʼs cancer adenocarcinoma (poor; signet-ringcell)

Death from esophageal cancer per million persons in 2012

Endoscopic image of Barrett esophagus – a frequent precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma

Endoscopy and radial endoscopic ultrasound images of a submucosal tumor in the central portion of the esophagus

Contrast CT scan showing an esophageal tumor (axial view)

Contrast CT scan showing an esophageal tumor (coronal view)

Micrograph showing histopathological appearance of an esophageal adenocarcinoma (dark blue – upper-left of image) and normal squamous epithelium (upper-right of image) at H&E staining

T1, T2, and T3 stages of esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer with spread to lymph nodes

Internal radiotherapy for esophageal cancer

Self-expandable metallic stents are sometimes used for palliative care

Esophageal cancer is cancer arising from the esophagus—the food pipe that runs between the throat and the stomach.

- Esophageal cancer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic condition in which stomach contents and acid rise up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications.

- Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which there is an abnormal (metaplastic) change in the mucosal cells lining the lower portion of the esophagus, from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium with interspersed goblet cells that are normally present only in the small intestine and large intestine.

- Barrett's esophagus

This change is considered to be a premalignant condition because it is associated with a high incidence of further transition to esophageal adenocarcinoma, an often-deadly cancer.

- Barrett's esophagus

Complications include esophagitis, esophageal stricture, and Barrett's esophagus.

- Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Adenocarcinoma arises from glandular cells present in the lower third of the esophagus, often where they have already transformed to intestinal cell type (a condition known as Barrett's esophagus).

- Esophageal cancer

The most common causes of the adenocarcinoma type are smoking tobacco, obesity, and acid reflux.

- Esophageal cancer

The condition is found in 5–15% of patients who seek medical care for heartburn (gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD), although a large subgroup of patients with Barrett's esophagus are asymptomatic.

- Barrett's esophagus

The esophagus may be affected by gastric reflux, cancer, prominent dilated blood vessels called varices that can bleed heavily, tears, constrictions, and disorders of motility.

- Esophagus

Esophageal adenocarcinoma – a form of cancer

- Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Normally, the cardia of the stomach is immediately distal to the z-line and the z-line coincides with the upper limit of the gastric folds of the cardia; however, when the anatomy of the mucosa is distorted in Barrett's esophagus the true gastro-eshophageal junction can be identified by the upper limit of the gastric folds rather than the mucosal transition.

- Esophagus

1 related topic with Alpha

Heartburn

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Burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen.

Heartburn is usually due to regurgitation of gastric acid (gastric reflux) into the esophagus.

It is the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Esophageal cancers

Endoscopy looking for erosive changes of the esophagus consistent with prolonged acid exposure (e.g. - Barrett's esophagus)