A report on Basra, Operation Ramadan and Iran–Iraq War

Operation Ramadan, Map. Iraq in yellow.
Top-left to bottom-right: Iranian child soldier on the frontlines Iranian soldier in a trench wearing a gas mask to guard against Iraqi chemical attacks Port quarter view of the USS Stark listing to port after being mistakenly struck by an Iraqi warplane Pro-Iraq MEK forces killed during Iran's Operation Mersad Iraqi prisoners of war after the recapture of Khorramshahr by Iranian forces ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft gun being used by the Iranian Army
View of Basra in circa 1695, by Dutch cartographer Isaak de Graaf
Meeting of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Houari Boumédiène and Saddam Hussein (left to right) during the Algiers Agreement in 1975.
Ashar Creek and bazaar, c. 1915
Ruhollah Khomeini rose to power after the Iranian Revolution.
Basra designed by the Portuguese at the end of the 16th century, according to the representation of the "Lyvro de plantaforma of the fortresses of India" codex of São julião da Barra
Location of Khuzestan Province in Iran which Iraq planned to annex
Purple - Portuguese in the Persian Gulf in the 16th and 17th century. Main cities, ports and routes.
Iranian President Abolhassan Banisadr, who was also commander-in-chief, on a Jeep-mounted 106mm recoilless anti-tank gun. Banisadr was impeached in June 1981.
Iraqi girls, c. 1917
The Shatt al-Arab on the Iran–Iraq border
Turkish prisoners passing along the bank of Ashar Creek, nearing Whiteley's Bridge, Basra 1917.
Destroyed Iranian C-47 Skytrain
Shanasheel of the old part of Basra city, 1954
Iranian F-14A Tomcats equipped with AIM-54A, AIM-7 and AIM-9 missiles.
Model of Basra Dockyard
Resistance of the outnumbered and outgunned Iranians in Khorramshahr slowed the Iraqis for a month.
Basra at night
Iranian president Abulhassan Banisadr on the battlefront
Basra Times square shopping centre
Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and Massoud Rajavi, the leader of MEK and the National Resistance Council of Iran (NCRI) in 1988.
A Chaldean Catholic Church in Basra.
The surprise attack on H-3 airbase is considered to be one of the most sophisticated air operations of the war.
Ali Bin Abi Talib mosque
Iranian soldier holding an IV bag during the Iran–Iraq War
Shatt Al-Arab
Iranian Northrop F-5 aircraft during Iran-Iraq war
Old Basrah
Iraqi T-62 tank wreckage in Khuzestan Province, Iran
Muhhmad Baquir Al-Sadr Bridge
Iraqi soldiers surrendering after the Liberation of Khorramshahr
Al Basrah Oil Terminal.
Saddam Hussein in 1982
Basra International Stadium in 2013
An admonitory declaration issued from the Iraqi government in order to warn Iranian troops in the Iran–Iraq War. The statement says: "Hey Iranians! No one has been downtrodden in the country where Ali ibn Abi Ṭālib, Husayn ibn Ali and Abbas ibn Ali are buried. Iraq has undoubtedly been an honorable country. All refugees are precious. Anyone who wants to live in exile can choose Iraq freely. We, the Sons of Iraq, have been ambushing foreign aggressors. The enemies who plan to assault Iraq will be disfavoured by God in this world and the hereafter. Be careful of attacking Iraq and Ali ibn Abi Ṭālib! If you surrender, you might be in peace."
Old houses of Basra
95,000 Iranian child soldiers were made casualties during the Iran–Iraq War, mostly between the ages of 16 and 17, with a few younger.
Ali Bin Abi Talib mosque
Furthest ground gains
Basra International Airport
Iranian POWs in 1983 near Tikrit, Iraq
Iranian child soldier
Iraqi POW who was shot by Iranian troops after they conquered the Iraqi Majnoon oil field in October 1984
Iranian troops fire 152 mm D-20 howitzer
Battle of the Marshes Iran front 1983 rest after exchange of fire 152 mm D-20 H
Operation Earnest Will: Tanker convoy No. 12 under US Navy escort (21 October 1987)
A map indicating the attacks on civilian areas of Iran, Iraq, and Kuwait targeted during the "War of the Cities".
Iraqi commanders discussing strategy on the battlefront (1986)
Iranian President Ali Khamenei on the battlefront during the Iran–Iraq War
Operation Dawn 8 during which Iran captured the Faw Peninsula.
Iranian soldier killed during the Iran–Iraq War with Rouhollah Khomeini's photo on his uniform
The People's Mujahedin of Iran, supported by Saddam, started a ten-day operation after both the Iranian and Iraqi governments accepted UN Resolution 598. Casualty estimates range from 2,000 to 10,000.
Adnan Khairallah, Iraqi Defense Minister, meeting with Iraqi soldiers during the war
IRGC navy speedboats using swarm tactics
An Iranian soldier wearing a gas mask during the Iran–Iraq War.
The Iranian frigate IS Sahand burns after being hit by 20 U.S. air launched missiles and bombs, killing a third of the crew, April 1988
Iranian soldiers captured during Iraq's 1988 offensives
USS Vincennes in 1987 a year before it shot down Iran Air Flight 655
MEK Soldiers killed in Operation Mersad in 1988
Al-Shaheed Monument in Baghdad was erected to commemorate the fallen Iraqi soldiers during the war.
Iranian Martyr Cemetery in Isfahan
Iranian Martyrs Museum in Tehran
An Iranian soldier's funeral in Mashhad, 2013
An Iraqi Mil Mi-24 on display at the military museum of Sa'dabad Palace in Iran
President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush work in the Oval Office of the White House, 20 July 1984.
USS Stark (FFG-31) listing following two hits by Exocet missiles.
Victims of the 1987 chemical attack on Sardasht, West Azerbaijan, Iran
Damage to a mosque in Khoramshahr, Iran, the city that was invaded by Iraq in September 1980

Operation Ramadan was an Iranian offensive in the Iran–Iraq War that consisted of three separate attacks that lasted for 6 weeks.

- Operation Ramadan

It was launched by Iran on 13 July 1982 near Basra and featured the use of human wave attacks in the largest land battle since World War II.

- Operation Ramadan

The population declined during the Iran–Iraq War, being under 900,000 in the late 1980s, possibly reaching a low point of just over 400,000 during the worst of the war.

- Basra

The city was repeatedly shelled by Iran and was the site of many fierce battles, such as Operation Ramadan and Operation Karbala 5.

- Basra

However, on 24 September, the Iranian Navy attacked Basra, Iraq, destroying two oil terminals near the Iraqi port Al-Faw, which reduced Iraq's ability to export oil.

- Iran–Iraq War

Called Operation Ramadan, it involved over 180,000 troops from both sides, and was one of the largest land battles since World War II.

- Iran–Iraq War

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