A report on Second Battle of Bull Run, James L. Kemper and Battle of Antietam

Second Battle of Bull Run, fought Augt. 29th 1862, 1860s lithograph by Currier and Ives

The Battle of Antietam, by Kurz & Allison (1878), depicting the scene of action at Burnside's Bridge

Second Bull Run Campaign, August 17–30, 1862 (Additional map).

Lincoln with McClellan and staff at the Grove Farm after the battle. Notable figures (from left) are 1. Col. Delos Sackett; 4. Gen. George W. Morell; 5. Alexander S. Webb, Chief of Staff, V Corps; 6. McClellan;. 8. Dr. Jonathan Letterman; 10. Lincoln; 11. Henry J. Hunt; 12. Fitz John Porter; 15. Andrew A. Humphreys; 16. Capt. George Armstrong Custer.

Battlefield of Antietam, situation September 15 to 16, 1862

August 29, 12 noon: Longstreet arrives, Porter stalls

Assaults by the I Corps, 5:30 to 7:30 a.m.

Dead Confederate soldiers from Starke's Louisiana Brigade, on the Hagerstown Turnpike, north of the Dunker Church. Photograph by Alexander Gardner.

August 29, 5–7 p.m., Kearny's attack, Hood vs. Hatch

Assaults by the XII Corps, 7:30 to 9:00 a.m.

Stonewall Jackson's cannons on Henry House Hill

The Dunker Church after September 17, 1862. Here, both Union and Confederate dead lie together on the field.

Assaults by the XII and II Corps, 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.

August 30, 4 p.m.: Start of Longstreet's attack

August 30, 4:30 p.m.: Union defense of Chinn Ridge

August 30, 5 p.m.: Final Confederate attacks, beginning of the Union retreat

Confederate dead lie in the "Bloody Lane" after the Battle of Antietam, 1862.

Bridge crossed by the Union troops retreating to Centreville

Assaults by the IX Corps, 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862

Confederate dead gathered for burial after the battle. Photograph by Alexander Gardner.

Photograph by Alexander Gardner of Lincoln and McClellan near the Antietam battlefield, October 3, 1862

<center>Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862</center>

{{center|Charge of the 51st New York and 51st Pennsylvania across Burnside's Bridge, by Edwin Forbes}}

<center>Virginia, Bull Run. Ruins of Stone Bridge, 1862</center>

{{center|Battle of Antietam by Kurz and Allison}}

<center>A group of men stand near the Manassas Railroad Junction railroad tracks in 1862 with a train in the background</center>

{{center|Confederate guns on the hill above poured fire into the Union ranks at Burnside's bridge. Photo taken just after the Battle of Antietam, 1862.}}

<center>A group of men near Manassas Railroad Junction in 1862</center>

Union positions below the Confederates at Burnside Bridge

<center>Men sit near the Manassas Junction railroad in 1862</center>

{{center|Confederate soldiers on the Antietam battlefield as they fell inside the fence on the Hagerstown road, September 1862 by Alexander Gardner}}

<center>Picking up debris of trains after Pope's retreat</center>

{{center|Harper's Weekly drawing of dead soldiers on Antietam battlefield, based on Gardner photograph}}

<center>Bull Run, Va. Dedication of the battle monument; Judge Abram B. Olin of the District of Columbia Supreme Court, who delivered the address, stands by the rail.</center>

{{center|Confederate horses lay dead and artillery caissons destroyed on Antietam battlefield<ref>Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 168–70.</ref>}}

Battle map drafted by Sneden, Robert Knox, with notes on Union and Confederate strengths, casualties, done in pen and ink and water color

{{center|Dead on Antietam battlefield<ref>Site identified by Robert Kalasky, "Military Images" Volume XX, Number 6 May–June 1999, pp. 24–29.</ref>}}

Northern Virginia Campaign, August 7–28, 1862 Confederate
Union

{{center|Confederate dead at Bloody Lane, looking east from the north bank. Alexander Gardner photograph.}}

{{center|Confederate dead at Bloody Lane, looking northeast from the south bank. Alexander Gardner photograph.<ref>The Union soldiers looking on were likely members of the 130th Pennsylvania, who were assigned burial detail</ref>}}

{{center|"Confederate soldier who after being wounded had evidently dragged himself to a little ravine on the hillside where he died". Photograph by Alexander Gardner.}}

{{center|Federal burial party, by Alexander Gardner<ref>Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 144–47.</ref>}}

{{center|Burying Union dead on the Antietam battlefield}}

{{center|"A Lonely Grave"—Federal grave at Antietam, by Alexander Gardner<ref>Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 171–74.</ref>}}

{{center|Antietam Battlefield photograph, by Alexander Gardner<ref>Original description claimed "Battlefield of Antietam on the Day of the Battle" September 17, 1862; however, see Frassanito, pp. 70–73.</ref>}}

{{center|"Artillery Hell", by James Hope (Dunker Church at the far left)}}

{{center|"A Fateful Turn"—Late morning looking east toward the Roulette Farm", by James Hope}}

{{center|"The Aftermath at Bloody Lane", by James Hope}}

{{center|"Wasted Gallantry", by James Hope}}

{{center|"A Crucial Delay", by James Hope}}

{{center|The Lutheran Church just east of Sharpsburg marks the extent of the Union offensive during the Battle of Antietam, 1862.}}

Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia—about 55,000 men —entered the state of Maryland on September 3, following their victory at Second Bull Run on August 30.

- Battle of Antietam

At the Second Battle of Bull Run, Kemper's division took part in Longstreet's surprise attack against the Union left flank, almost destroying Major General John Pope's Army of Virginia.

- James L. Kemper

At the Battle of Antietam, Kemper was positioned south of the town of Sharpsburg, defending against Major General Ambrose E. Burnside's assault in the afternoon of September 17, 1862.

- James L. Kemper

Brig. Gen. David R. Jones (brigades of Brig. Gens. Robert A. Toombs, Thomas F. Drayton, Richard B. Garnett, James L. Kemper, and Cols. Joseph A. Walker and George T. Anderson).

- Battle of Antietam

Brig Gen. James L. Kemper (brigades of Col. Montgomery D. Corse, Brig Gen. Micah Jenkins, Col. Eppa Hunton

- Second Battle of Bull Run

(These were the same tactics that Jackson would employ at the Battle of Antietam a few weeks later.) Schurz's two brigades (under Brig. Gen. Alexander Schimmelfennig and Col. Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski) skirmished heavily with Gregg and Thomas, with both sides committing their forces piecemeal.

- Second Battle of Bull Run

1 related topic with Alpha

Northern Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, 1861–1865

Battle of Gettysburg

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Fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War.

This 1863 oval-shaped map depicts the Gettysburg Battlefield during July 1–3, 1863, showing troop and artillery positions and movements, relief hachures, drainage, roads, railroads, and houses with the names of residents at the time of the Battle of Gettysburg.

This November 1862 Harper's Magazine illustration shows Confiderate Army troops escorting captured African American civilians south into slavery. En route to Gettysburg, the Army of Northern Virginia kidnapped approximately 40 black civilians and sent them south into slavery.

Overview map of the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg

Marker commemorating the first shot fired at the Battle of Gettysburg at 7:30 am on July 1, 1863 by Lt. Marcellus Jones

Robert E. Lee's plan for July 2, 1863, the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg

Overview map of the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863

Union Army breastworks on Culp's Hill, 1863

Overview map of the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863

The high water mark on Cemetery Ridge with the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Monument commemorating the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment at right and the Copse of Trees to the left, August 2005

"The Harvest of Death": Union dead on the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, photographed July 5 or July 6, 1863, by Timothy H. O'Sullivan

John L. Burns, veteran of the War of 1812, civilian who fought at the Battle of Gettysburg with Union troops, standing with bayoneted musket. Mathew Brady's National Photographic Portrait Galleries, photographer. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

Gettysburg Campaign (July 5 – July 14, 1863)

On November 19, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, considered one of the best-known speeches in American history. A crowd of citizens and soldiers surround Lincoln (with a red arrow pointing to his location in photo)

The 1936 Battle of Gettysburg half dollar

Gettysburg Centennial Commemorative issue of 1963

Gettysburg Campaign (through July 3) with cavalry movements shown with dashed lines Confederate
Union

Shortly after the Army of Northern Virginia won a major victory over the Army of the Potomac at the Battle of Chancellorsville (April 30 – May 6, 1863), General Robert E. Lee decided upon a second invasion of the North (the first was the unsuccessful Maryland campaign of September 1862, which ended in the bloody Battle of Antietam).

Confederate Generals James L. Kemper and Isaac R. Trimble were severely wounded during Pickett's charge and captured during the Confederate retreat.

Prior to Gettysburg, Robert E. Lee had established a reputation as an almost invincible general, achieving stunning victories against superior numbers—although usually at the cost of high casualties to his army—during the Seven Days, the Northern Virginia Campaign (including the Second Battle of Bull Run), Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville.