A report on Battle of Cold Harbor, Siege of Petersburg, Jubal Early and Confederate States Army

Battle of Cold Harbor by Kurz and Allison, 1888

The "Dictator" siege mortar at Petersburg. In the foreground, the figure on the right is Brig. Gen. Henry J. Hunt, chief of artillery of the Army of the Potomac.

Battle flag of the Army of Northern Virginia

Fredericksburg, Virginia; May 1863. Soldiers in the trenches. Trench warfare would appear again more infamously in World War I

Early's childhood home in northeastern Franklin County

Private Edwin Francis Jemison, whose image became one of the most famous portraits of the young soldiers of the war

Union marches and operations in Central Virginia (1864-65)

A cartoon from the war, showing the Confederates forcibly drafting a Unionist man into the Confederate army. The Unionist man objects, with the Confederates threatening to lynch him if he does not comply.

Movements in the Overland Campaign, May 29, and actions May 30, 1864

Siege of Petersburg, assaults on June 15–18

General Early, disguised as a farmer, while escaping to Mexico, 1865

An 1861 Confederate recruiting poster from Virginia, urging men to join the Confederate cause and fight off the U.S. Army, which it refers to as a "brutal and desperate foe"

Opposing commanders: Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, USA, at Cold Harbor, photographed by Edgar Guy Fawx in 1864; Gen. Robert E. Lee, CSA, photographed by Mathew Brady in 1865

Siege of Petersburg, movements against the railroads and A.P. Hill's counterattack, June 21–22

The Burnett Inn at Old Cold Harbor (by Timothy H. O'Sullivan, June 4, 1864)

A plaque praising Early in Rocky Mount, Virginia

General Robert E. Lee, the Confederacy's most famous general

Positions of the armies on the afternoon of June 1, 1864

"Dictator" siege mortar on the U.S. Military Railroad at Petersburg

An 1895 illustration showing the uniforms of the Confederate Army contrasted with those of the U.S. Army

A painting of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fighting the U.S. Army at Spotsylvania in 1864

Makeshift Confederate breastworks at the extreme left of their line

Siege of Petersburg, Battle of the Crater, July 30

A group of Confederate soldiers-possibly an artillery unit captured at Island No. 10 and taken at POW Camp Douglas (Chicago); photograph possibly by D. F. Brandon

Earthworks photographed after the battle

Sketch of the explosion seen from the Union line.

Confederate troops marching south on N Market Street, Frederick, Maryland, during the Civil War

7th New York Heavy Artillery (serving as infantry) preparing to leave the trenches and charge the Confederate line, sketched by Alfred Waud

Second Battle of Deep Bottom, August 14–20

A Cherokee Confederates reunion in New Orleans, 1903

"Unburied Dead on Battlefield" by John Reekie; issued as Stero #914 being taken on the 1862 Battlefield of Gaines Mills aka First Cold Harbor April 1865; taken near the Adams Farm where 7th New York artillery was stationed June 1864 see Civil war Talk.

Siege of Petersburg, capture of the Weldon Railroad, August 18–19

Jackson McCurtain, Lieutenant Colonel of the First Choctaw Battalion in Oklahoma, CSA

Siege of Petersburg, actions on October 27

1862 illustration showing Confederates escorting kidnapped African American civilians south into slavery. A similar instance occurred in Pennsylvania when the Army of Northern Virginia invaded it in 1863 to fight the U.S. at Gettysburg.

Union Coehorn mortars in action, drawn by Alfred Waud

Siege of Petersburg, actions preceding Five Forks

An 1862 illustration of a Confederate officer forcing slaves at gunpoint to fire a cannon at U.S. soldiers in battle. A similar instance occurred at the first Battle of Bull Run, where slaves were forced by the Confederates to load and fire a cannon at U.S. forces.

Overland Campaign, from the Wilderness to crossing the James River
Confederate
Union

Grant's final assaults and Lee's retreat (start of the Appomattox Campaign)

An 1864 cartoon lampooning the Confederacy's deliberating on the use of black soldiers, showing them defecting en masse towards U.S. lines if such proposals were adopted.

"Marlboro", an African-American body servant to a white Confederate soldier

Julian Scott's 1873 painting, Surrender of a Confederate Soldier

Corporal of the Artillery division of the Confederate Army

Confederate mortar crew at Warrington, Florida in 1861, across from Fort Pickens

Confederate artillery at Charleston Harbor, 1863

Lt Col. E. V. Nash, 4th Georgia Infantry Doles-Cook Brigade, who was killed in 1864

<Center>Colonel (Infantry shown)</Center>

<Center>Lieutenant-colonel (Headquarters shown)</Center>

<center>Brig. Gen. James H. Wilson</center>

<Center>Major (Medical Corps shown)</Center>

<center>Brig. Gen. August Kautz</center>

<Center>Captain (Marine Corps shown)</Center>

Fascine Trench Breastworks, Petersburg, Va. – NARA – 524792. Although identified as Confederate Trenches this is actually Union Fort Sedgwick aka "Fort Hell" which was opposite Fort Mahone aka "Fort Damnation"<ref>Civil War talk Forum</ref>

<Center>1st Lieutenant (Artillery shown)</Center>

Union Army 9th Corps attacking Fort Mahone aka "Fort Damanation" sketch by Alfred Ward.

<Center>2nd Lieutenant (Cavalry shown)</Center>

Confederate artilleryman killed during the final Union assault against the trenches at Petersburg. Photo by Thomas C. Roche, April 3, 1865.<ref>Frassanito, p. 360.</ref><ref>See website Petersburg Project on location of Many of the Roche photographs at Petersburg April 1865</ref> Although prints of this picture list it as being taken at Ft Mahone, historians at the "Petersburg Project" believe it was taken at Confederate Battery 25<ref>Dead Artilleryman comments Petersburg Project</ref>

Smoke is still rising from the ruins of Richmond, Virginia after surrendering on April 3, 1865 following the Union victory at the siege of Petersburg. Union cavalry mounts with carbines visible are hitched in the foreground.

Richmond–Petersburg Theater, fall 1864
Confederate
Union

Thousands of Union soldiers were killed or wounded in a hopeless frontal assault against the fortified positions of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's army.

- Battle of Cold Harbor

Petersburg was crucial to the supply of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's army and the Confederate capital of Richmond.

- Siege of Petersburg

In the final stage, Lee entrenched his army within besieged Petersburg before finally retreating westward across Virginia.

- Battle of Cold Harbor

This theory was tested at the Battle of Cold Harbor (May 31 – June 12) when Grant's army once again came into contact with Lee's near Mechanicsville.

- Siege of Petersburg

Second Corps, under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early, was detached on June 12 for operations in the Shenandoah Valley and played no direct role in the defense of Petersburg.

- Siege of Petersburg

On June 19, 1861, Early formally became a colonel in the Confederate army, commanding the 24th Virginia Infantry, including his young cousin (previously expelled from Virginia Military Institute (VMI) for attending a tea party), Jack Hairston.

- Jubal Early

After Grant's infantry had crossed to the south bank of the Pamunkey, Lee saw an opportunity on May 30 to attack Warren's advancing V Corps with his Second Corps, now commanded by Lt. Gen. Jubal Early.

- Battle of Cold Harbor

Thus, Early commanded that corps in the Battle of Cold Harbor.

- Jubal Early

Thus Early commanded the Confederacy's last invasion of the North, secured much-needed funds and supplies for the Confederacy and drawing off Union troops from the siege of Petersburg.

- Jubal Early

Army of the Valley (also known as Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia) – Jubal Early

- Confederate States Army

During the Civil War 28,693 Native Americans served in the U.S. and Confederate armies, participating in battles such as Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in Federal assaults on Petersburg.

- Confederate States Army

4 related topics with Alpha

Robert E. Lee

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Lee at age 31 in 1838, as a Lieutenant of Engineers in the U.S. Army

Robert E. Lee, around age 38, and his son William Henry Fitzhugh Lee, around age 8, c.1845

Robert E. Lee around age 43, when he was a brevet lieutenant-colonel of engineers, c. 1850

Lee mounted on Traveller (September 1866)

Battle of Gettysburg, by Thure de Thulstrup

Lee with son Custis (left) and aide Walter H. Taylor (right) by Brady, April 16, 1865

General Lee and his Confederate officers in their first meeting since Appomattox, August 1869.

Oath of amnesty submitted by Robert E. Lee in 1865

Robert E. Lee, oil on canvas, Edward Calledon Bruce, 1865. Virginia Historical Society

Robert Edward Lee in art at the Battle of Chancellorsville in a stained glass window of the Washington National Cathedral

Facade view of Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial — at Arlington National Cemetery, in Virginia, pictured in 2006

Unveiling of the Equestrian Statue of Robert E. Lee, May 29, 1890, Richmond, Virginia

The removal of Lee's statue from a monument in New Orleans

Stained glass of Lee's life in the National Cathedral

Robert E. Lee, National Statuary Hall, Washington, D.C. Edward Virginius Valentine, sculptor, 1909

Robert E Lee, Virginia Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Frederick William Sievers, sculptor, 1917

Robert E. Lee Monument by Mercié, Monument Avenue, Richmond, Virginia, 1890

Statue of Lee at the Confederate War Memorial, Dallas, 1896

University Chapel on the campus of Washington and Lee University

Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was a Confederate general who served the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War, during which he was appointed the overall commander of the Confederate States Army.

Grant engaged Lee's army in bloody but inconclusive battles at the Wilderness and Spotsylvania before the lengthy Siege of Petersburg, which was followed in April 1865 by the capture of Richmond and the destruction of most of Lee's army, which he finally surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House.

These battles in the Overland Campaign included the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House and Cold Harbor.

Lee attempted to break the stalemate by sending Jubal A. Early on a raid through the Shenandoah Valley to Washington, D.C., but Early was defeated early on by the superior forces of Philip Sheridan.

A. P. Hill

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Portrait of Hill by William Ludwell Sheppard, 1898

Ambrose Powell Hill Jr. (November 9, 1825 – April 2, 1865) was a Confederate general who was killed in the American Civil War.

Hill required the assistance from Maj. Gen. Jubal A. Early's division to repulse the Union attack.

Hill held the Confederate left flank at Cold Harbor, but two divisions of his corps were used to defend against the main Union attack on the right flank on June 3; when part of the troops to his right gave way, Hill used one brigade to launch a successful counterattack.

During the Siege of Petersburg of 1864–65, Hill and his men participated in several battles during the various Union offensives, particularly Jerusalem Plank Road, the Crater, Globe Tavern, Second Reams Station, and Peebles Farm.

P. G. T. Beauregard

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Confederate general officer of Louisiana Creole descent who started the American Civil War by leading the attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.

Pierre G. T. Beauregard as a young man, painting by Richard Clague

The Battle of Churubusco, August 20, 1847

The Battle of Chapultepec, 13 September, 1847

The 1861 George Peter Alexander Healy portrait of Beauregard in the National Portrait Gallery, Washington

Confederate General P. Gustave Toutant Beauregard

The Battle of Fort Sumter, April 12–13, 1861

The Battle of First Manassas, July 21, 1861

Map of the Battle of Shiloh, afternoon of April 6, 1862, after Beauregard took command

The Battle of Cold Harbor, May 31 – June 12, 1864

Beauregard's defense of Petersburg, Federal assaults of June 15–18

The Battle of Nashville, December 15–16, 1864

Beauregard revolutionized New Orleans with his cable cars

The White League, a Democratic white supremacist paramilitary terrorist organization

The White League barricading a New Orleans road

The first African-American and Republican governor of Louisiana, Pinckney Pinchback of Georgia

The Battle of Liberty Place, September 14, 1874

Caesar Antoine, a Louisiana Creole and Republican lieutenant governor of Louisiana

General P.G.T. Beauregard Equestrian Statue in New Orleans (2008) by sculptor Alexander Doyle

Following a brief appointment as superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy in 1861, and after Louisiana seceded, he resigned from the United States Army and became the first brigadier general in the Confederate States Army.

Gen. Robert Hoke's) to Lee for the Battle of Cold Harbor, but Lee urgently wanted more and took the step of offering Beauregard command of the right wing of the Army of Northern Virginia for his cooperation.

Beauregard continued commanding the defenses of Petersburg in the early days of the siege, but with the loss of the Weldon Railroad in the Battle of Globe Tavern (August 18–21), he was criticized for not attacking more forcefully and he became dissatisfied with the command arrangements under Lee.

He hoped for an independent command, but his desires were thwarted in two instances: Lee chose Lt. Gen. Jubal Early to lead an expedition north through the Shenandoah Valley and threaten Washington, and Davis chose Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood to replace the faltering Joseph E. Johnston in the Atlanta Campaign.

John B. Gordon

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John Brown Gordon statue by sculptor Solon Borglum, located on the northeastern part of the grounds of the Georgia State Capitol

Gordon's grave, Oakland Cemetery, Atlanta, Georgia

John Brown Gordon (February 6, 1832 – January 9, 1904) was an attorney, a slaveholding plantation owner, general in the Confederate States Army, and politician in the postwar years.

After months of recuperation, Gordon returned to service, receiving the command of a brigade of Georgians in Jubal A. Early's division.

His division was held in reserve at the Battle of North Anna and was positioned in the Magnolia Swamp, north of where the major fighting occurred at the Battle of Cold Harbor.

In this role, he defended the line in the Siege of Petersburg and commanded the attack on Fort Stedman on March 25, 1865 (where he was wounded again, in the leg).